Country profile of Ethiopia is presented in this slide. It is prepared by the Ethiopian War College first Batch students. Ethiopia is an old n independent nation-state with ancient civilization. The first batch of War College students has organized this slide to brief students from South Sudan, Somali, and Ethiopian Federal Agencies.

2. Members of the Group
1. B/G TIRUYE ASSEFE
2. B/G DESSALEGN DACHE
3. COL. FISSEHA
T/HAIMANOT
4. COL. ADUGNA DERESSA
5. MR. YIRGA BADMA

3. 1. LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE
2. HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY
3. NATIONS, NATIONALITIES & PEOPLE,
LANGUAGE, RELIGION
4. CULTURE, ARTS AND CRAFTS, SPORT
5. GOVERNMENT: DEFENSE, ECONOMY
6. REGIONAL & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
7. CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES
Outline

4. Ethiopia
 This presentation is aimed to give an insight to
different aspects of Ethiopia
 It includes:
 Natural resources and Tourist attractions
 Social way of life
 Cultural industry
 Economic capacity
 Political system
 And other aspects of the nations, nationalities and peoples
of the country
Introduction

5. LOCATION and Geography
 Located in the HoA
 total geographical area of
1,127,127 sqkm
 great geographic diversity
 high and rugged mountains
 flat topped plateau,
 deep gorges by river
valleys,
 rolling plains and arid
lowlands.
4 N
14 N
33 E 48 E

6. Geographic Landscape
 Land of natural contrasts
 The top of the northern
mountains Ras Dashen -
4620 m above sea level
 The depths of the Dankil
depression - 120m below
sea level and one of the
lowest dry land points on
earth

7. Climate
Climatic Zone Altitude Avg. annual
temp.
Annual rain
1 Tropical zone < ~1,800 m 27oc 500 mm
2 Subtropical zone:
high land plateau
~1,800 m -
~2,400 m
22oc 500 mm -
1,500mm
 Varies according to
altitude; the Highland
accounts for more
than half of the
Country.

8.  Diversity in altitude accompanies climatic and ecological
variations which further manifested a very high genetic and
biological diversity.
 Ecological and topographic diversity has also contributed for
high biological diversity of the country
 Ethiopia is globally recognized as one of the 8 Vavilov centers
for the domestication and diversification of crops

9. NATURAL TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
 11 national parks,
 4 sanctuaries: 3.2 % of the
total geographic area
 8 wild life reserves,
 18 controlled hunting
areas,
 58 national forest
priority areas
 Protected areas consists
of 14% and national parks

10. NATURAL TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
 From >5770 species of biodiversity 10% are endemic in
its wild flora and fauna.
 A total of 277 mammals, 861 birds, 201 reptile, 63
amphibians, 150 fishes, 324 butterflies are recorded
 As a result, Ethiopia is recognized as one of 34
biodiversity hotspots in the world

11. NATURAL TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
 Large water resources: 12 major lakes and 12 river
basins are potential for hydro electric power
generation, irrigation and fishery.
 Most of the rivers are trans-boundary, with more than
75% annual surface run-off drainage to neighboring
countries.

13. History
 Ethiopia is a very
ancient country
and it has a long
history
 It is the oldest
independent
nation in Africa
 Axum, lalibela,
gondar, jegol, shoa

14. The Earliest known Home of Humankind
• Paleantological studies
identify Ethiopia as one of the
cradles of human kind.
• One of the earliest and the
most complete hominoids
discovered through
archeological excavations 3.5
million years ago
• The discovery of Lucy –
Australo Pithacus Afarensis a
3.5 million years old was
discovered at Hadar, Afar

15. Former Ethiopian leaders
PM Hailemariam Dessalegn
PM Meles Zenawi
King Minilik 2nd King H/Silase 1st
Pre.Col.M/H/Mariam
King Yohans
King Tewodros

16. Not colonized
nation of the world
that resisted
foreign conquests
a country that
cherishes its
uninterrupted
national integrity
and independence

17. Battle of ADWA
ITALY against ETHIOPIA
Leaders
General Oreste Baratieri ITALY
Emperor Menelik II and Empress Taitu
Butul ETHIOPIA
Combat
forces
ITALY 35,000 well trained and armed
ETHIOPIA 100,000 more traditional weapons
but well organized
Date March 1,2 /1896
Finally :- As much as 70 % of the Italian forces was killed,
wounded, or captured

19. VICTORY OF ADWA
The VICTORY Of BLACK PEOPLE against to WHITE
COLONIALISTS
The VICTORY of UNCIVILIZED PEOPLE against to
CIVILIZED PEOPLE
After the news of VICTORY at ADWA
REJOICED and HOPE in
COLONIAZED CAMP
Great SHOCK and FRIGHT in
COLONIALIST’S CAMP

20. Ethiopian Heroes

21.  Ethiopia is a Home of Nations
Nationalities, and peoples
 Ethiopia hosts a total population of 112
million with annual growth rate of 3%
 Its people are diverse and culturally
rich over 80 nationalities basically from
four Ethnicity
Nations nationalities & PEOPLE

22. LANGUAGE
 Ethiopia has its own
alphabet(Geez/Ethiopic),
number and calendar.
 It has over 80 different
languages with over 200
dialects
 12 Semitic, 22 Cushitic, 18
Omotic and 18 Nilo Saharan
are spoken.
 Working language of Federal
Government is AMHARIC
 Respective working languages
in regions
 Academic language starting
from High School is English
Amharic Alphabet

23. RELIGION
 Ethiopia has been the home of Religions since the early days of
“Christianity” and “Islam”.
 Christianity entered to Ethiopia in the first century and became
state religion since 4th century
 Islam entered to Ethiopia in its very first days.
 Jewish was practiced since during the Axumite kingdom.
 Significant number of Protestants

24. Religious Tolerance in Ethiopia
 “GO TO THE LAND OF
ABYSSINIA THERE IS THE
KING WHERE NO PEOPLE
FACE ANY INJUSTICE UNTIL
GOD GIVE YOU OUTLET AND
RELIVE”
PROPHET MOHAMMED
‫الصحابة‬ ‫وسلم‬ ‫علية‬ ‫اللة‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫اللة‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫قال‬
"
‫ال‬ ‫ملكا‬ ‫الحبشة‬ ‫بارض‬
‫يظلم‬
‫ببالدة‬ ‫فالحقوا‬ ‫احد‬ ‫عندة‬
‫فية‬ ‫انتم‬ ‫مما‬ ‫ومخرجا‬ ‫فرجا‬ ‫لكم‬ ‫اللة‬ ‫يجعل‬ ‫حتى‬
‫ص‬ ‫اللة‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫اقوال‬
‫للحبشة‬ ‫االولى‬ ‫الهجرة‬

25.  Jewish, Christianity, Islam and Animism have much
influence in the development of complex and diverse
cultural Traits.
 In the field of literature: translations from ancient
Greek, Arabic, and other languages into the ancient
Geez and modern Amharic.
 Most of the works are theological or mythological in
nature.
 Secular literature is largely confined to history.
CULTURE

26. Cultural Industry
 Ethiopia is an ancient
country with a remarkably
rich linguistic and cultural
diversity.
 This diversity includes
tangible and intangible
heritage with both
traditional and modern
cultural expressions,
languages…

27. THE LAND OF ORIGINAL ARTS AND CRAFTS
a. Historical
monuments
b. Cultural practices
c. Endemic animals
and plants
d. Geometric shapes
e. Symbols
f. Adaptation
SOURCES of art:

28. UNIQUE ARTS AND CRAFTS
 Diversity: the cultural diversity has greatly contributed to
the availability of diverse cultural products including crafts
and fine arts.
 Originality: Majority of the cultural products of the various
nations and nationality are authentic cultural products with
very little to no influence from foreign cultures. This gives
Ethiopian artifacts and art a strong comparative advantage
particularly when pursuing foreign markets.

29. Epiphany (Timket)
The finding of the true CROSS
Eid-Al Fatir
Festivals

30. MUSIC

31. SPORT: IN THE OLYMPICS
ETHIOPIA PARTICIPATED FOR THE
FIRST TIME IN 1956 ON
MELBOURN OLYMPICS
AUSTRALIA
IN 1960 ON ROME OLYMPIC ETHIOPIAN
ATHLET ABEBE BIKILA BARE-
FOOTED WON MARATHON THE FIRST
GOLD TO ETHIOPIAAND AFRICA
ABEBE REPETED HIS VICTORY ON
THE NEXT OLYMPIC GAMES ON
TOKYO

32. DERARTU TULU
The first African
woman Olympic gold
medalist Barcelona
1992 10,000m
FATUMA ROBA
The first African woman
Olympic Marathon gold
medalist Atlanta 1996

33. The new generation have earned great reputation in the field of
“ATHLETICS”.
The Green
Flood

34. International relation
 League of Nations 1923
 Organizational African
Union OAU
 African Union AU
 United Nations UN
 IGAD
Ethiopia is one of the founding member of :-

35. Ethiopia in Africa
• Pioneer the establishment of
regional institutions such as
OAU, AU, New Partnership for
African Development (NEPAD)
& African Devt’ Bank ADB
• Addis Ababa elected by ex
African Leaders to host and
committed to be major
diplomatic hub in for these
conferences and summit such as
AU, COMESA, ADB

36. Ethiopia in Africa
• In East Africa, Ethiopia is
playing role in the affairs of
the Common Market foe
East and Southern African
COMEASA.
• The recent Peace Deal with
Eritrea has led to a
diplomatic revitalization in
the Horn

37. Ethiopia and the rest of the world
 At present this relationship is being
transformed into a new chapter of active
partnership, gaining momentum and are
contributing substantially to the overall
development endeavors of the country.
Ethiopia has long history of good relations with :
USA EU Russia
China Japan India
And other countries in N/America, Europe, Asia and the middle east.

38. ECONOMY
• Ethiopian economy is
based on agriculture,
which accounts for half
of GDP.
• Agriculture includes
the raising of live
stock.
• Ethiopia exports coffee,
cotton, fruit, flower,
sugar vegetable, pulses
and oilseeds.
52%
11.10%
36.90%
GDP by Sector
Agriculture, forestry, fishing
Industry
Services

39.  Despite the government program for
diversification, coffee remains Ethiopia's most
important commodity. About one forth of the
population is engaged in its production.
Livestock population constitutes 34.5 million
cattle, 23 million sheep, 17 million goats 56 million
poultry and smaller number of horses, mules,
donkeys and camels.
In Ethiopia, many mineral deposits exists some of
them are: iron, copper, zinc, gold, platinum,
petroleum, natural gas, potashetc.

40. ETHIOPIA AND
COFFEE
ETHIOPIA IS THE PRIMARY CENTER
OF ORIGIN AND GENETIC
DIVERSITY OF THE COFFEE PLANT
SETTLED AGRICULTURE BEGAN IN
ETHIOPIA SOME 2000 YEARS AGO.
SINCE TIME IMMEMORIAL, COFFEE
HAS BEEN GROWN IN THE WILD
FOREST OF THE SOUTH WESTERN
MASSIVE HIGHLANDS OF THE KAFFA
AND BUNO DISTRICTS OF THE
COUNTRY

41. Ethiopia is the oldest coffee exporter in
the world, though external invasions and
internal conflicts have at times had
negative impact on the country’s Coffee
export history.
Ethiopian Muslim merchants
transported Coffee and other goods
in caravans of mules, camels and
donkeys

42. የኢትዮጵያ የቡና አፈላል ስርዓት

43. ETHIOPIAN FOOD

44. ETHIOPIAN AIRLINES WAS FOUNDED ON
30th DECEMBER 1945
THE FIRST PLANES USED BY THE AIRLINE
WERE FIVE DC-3’S
THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SCHEDULED
SERVICE WAS INAUGURATED BETWEEN
ADDIS ABABAAND CAIRO EGYPT ON APRIL
8, 1946
NOW THE AIRLINE EQUIPPED BY
MODERN AIRCRAFTS LIKE BOING
787 DREAMLINER

45. SERVICES GIVEN BY THE AIRLINE
•domestic and international flight
•maintenance and engineering
•aircraft maintenance
•engine maintenance and others
•training center
•pilot taining school
•aviation maintenance training….
•information technology
•ground handling
•agicultural spray
•charter service
ALL THE MANEGMENT,
TRAINING AND SERVICES
RUN AND LEAD BY
ETHIOPIANS

46. INTERNATIONAL FLIGHT SERVICES
AFRICA:- Addis Ababa, Abidjan, Accra, Bamako, Brazzaville,
Bujumbura, Cairo, Dar Es-Salaam, Djibouti, Entebbe, Harare,
Hargessa, Johannesburg, Khartoum, Kigali, Kilimanjaro,
Kinshasa, Lagos, Lilongwe, Lome, Luanda, Lusaka, Nairobi,
N’djamiena, Zanzibar.
EUROPE:- Amsterdam, Frankfurt, London, Paris, Rome,
Stockholm.
GULF/MIDDLE EAST & ASIA:- Bangkok, Beijing,
Beirut, Hong Kong, Dubai, Jeddah, Mumbai, New Delhi, Riyadh,
Tel Aviv.
US AMERICA WASHINGTON

47. Government
 After the overthrow of the military dictatorship in
1991, a new constitution was promulgated in 1995.
 The constitution has enshrined the UDHR such as the
rights of women and children, freedom of association
and expression.
 According to the constitution, Ethiopia has FEDERAL and
REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS
1 . HOUSE OF PEOPLES REPRESENTATIVES
(570 members)
2 . HOUSE OF FEDERATION
(110 members)

48. PRESIDENT & PRIME MINISTER
 The PRESIDENT of the
Federal Democratic Republic
of Ethiopia is the HEAD of
the Republic The HPR
nominates the candidates
for presidency
 The highest executive power
of the Federal Government
are vested on the PRIME
MINISTER and the council of
Ministers who are
accountable to the House of
Peoples’ Representatives

49. • The Ethiopian National
Security policy is concerned
with the defense and
protection of the national
interests and sovereignty of
the country.
• It also aims at to create
conducive internal and
external environment for the
realization of rapid
development and of
democracy and good
governance in which the
people participates and
benefits
DEFENSE

50. Defense Structure

51. PEACE KEEPING MISSIONS
(1st in the world)
Year Country Troop
1951-1953 Korea 6,037
1959-1962 Congo 10,425
1993-1995 Rwanda 1,696
2003-2010 Liberia 17,714
2004-2006 Burundi 2,789
2007-2018 Darfur 23,708 (Approx)
2011-2018 Abiye 30,245 (Approx)
2014-2018 Somalia 12,984 (Approx)
2014-2018 South Sudan 3,420 (Approx)
Total Contribution 109,018 (Approx)

52. CHALLENGES
 Ecological crisis attributed to rapid deforestation, low
rainfall and land degradation resulting in the process
of desertification
 Natural forest cover was estimated to be reduced to
2.46% due to rapid deforestation.
 Soil erosion is affecting 82 % of the country-about 1.0
billion tones of top soil degraded per year
14, 27%
13, 25%
2, 4%
23, 44%
Land Degradation(in mln hctr)
Severe
Moderate
Full
Not
Degraded

53. CHALLENGES
 Low lands that cover 55-60 % of the total land area,
affected by drought, shortage of grazing lands and
desertification.
 Depletion and degradation of natural resources
resulted in reduced agricultural productivity, seriously
affecting the livelihoods of the inhabiting communities
 Undermining indigenous knowledge and sources of
knowledge Due to the impact of globalization.
 Insufficient protection to cultural heritage, cultural site
and intangible culture.

54. Thank you