Ethiopia.pdf

Ethiopia: A Brief Profile
U. S COMMAND & STAFF COLLEGE, May 2012

1. Geography
2. History
3. Politics
4. Economy
5. Population
6. Culture & Tradition
7. Tourism
Contents

The distance between Addis Ababa & Wasington DC
Geography
miles or kilometers
Addis Ababa
Washington DC

Federal Democratic
Republic of Ethiopia
/ Ethiopia/Ityo’pia/
Location: Africa
Status: UN Member Country Capital City: Addis
Ababa (Addis Abeba)
Main Cities: Harar, Diredawa, Bahirdar, Mekele,
Gondar Population:56,316,000 Area:1,221,900
km2
Currency: 1 Ethiopian birr = 100 cents
Languages:Amharic, Afaan Oromo, Tigrigna
Religions:Ethiopian Orthodox, Muslim

National Flag of Ethiopia
 Proportions: 1:2
 Ethiopian Flag Description:
The flag of Ethiopia consists of three equal horizontal
stripes - the top stripe is green; the middle is yellow;
and the bottom stripe is red. In the middle of the flag
is the country's coat of arms on a blue circle. It is often
seen without the blue circle and emblem.

0-200
200-1500
1500-2500
2500-3000
over 3000
-407-0
Geography
Elevation(meters)
(DEGA)
(Weina Dega)
(Kolla)

The Simien mountain massifis one of the major highlands of Africa, rising to the highest point in Ethiopia,
Ras Dejen (4620m), which is the fourth highest peak in the continent. Although Simien is in Africa and not too far
from the equator, snow and ice appear on the highest points and night temperatures often fall below zero.
The national park has three general botanical regions. The higher lands are mountain grasslands with fescue grasses as well as
heathers, splendid Red Hot Pokers and Giant Lobelia.

Natural Vegetation
Mountain Vegetation

Natural Vegetation
Tropical Thickets&Wooded

7000 species
15 % endemic
Flora

277 species of mammals
201 reptile species 861 species of birds
145 species of freshwater fish
63 species of amphibians

Mai Shum, Queen of
Sheba's Bath
Ruins the Queen of Sheba's Palace

Kingdom of Axum 4th century AD

Kingdom of Axum 4th century AD
AXUM
ADULIS
YEHA
BERBERA
Sudan
YEMEN

King Minilik II &
Queen Tayetu –
Adwa Victory

Federal Democratic of Ethiopia
Federal Republic
Ityop‘iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Repeblik
Official Name
Form of Government

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
August 24, 1995

Strongly committed, in full and free exercise of our right to
self-determination, to building a political community founded
on the rule of law and capable of ensuring a lasting peace,
guaranteeing a democratic order, and advancing our
economic and social development. Firmly convinced that the
fulfillment of this objective requires full respect of individual
and people’sfundamental freedoms and rights, to live together
on the basis of equality and without any sexual,religious
or cultural discrimination;………….
We, the Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia:

Sovereignty of the people
Supremacy of the Constitution
Human and Democratic Rights
Separation of State and Religion
Fundamental principles of the Constitution

States of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

legislative
executive
judicial
The Federal Government and the states have

Parlament
House of Federation
House of Representatives
5years
People
Election
547
Nation, Nationality and People
represented
108

His Excellency Girma Wolde-Giorgis
The president of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

His Excellency Meles Zenawi
The Prime Ministerof the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

governmental body
government official
from any other source
Courts of any level are free from any
interference of influence of any

respect the equality and sovereignty of
other state and not to intervene in their internal affairs
fraternal relations with its neighbours and other
African countries.
external relations on the basis of equality, and respect
of common interests
supporting peaceful resolution to international
disputes
PRINCIPLES FOR EXTERNAL
RELATIONS

Ethiopia’s relation with International Organaizations

Korea (1950-1953)
Rwanda (UNAMIR) in 1994/95
Liberia UNMIL to present)
Congo (1960-64)
Burundi - ONUB (2004 – 2006)
UN peacekeeping missions

GDP (purchasing power parity): $74.88 billion
GDP (official exchange rate): $13.32 billion
GDP - real growth rate: 10.6%
GDP - per capita: $1,000
GDP-composition by sector:
Agriculture: 46.7 %
Industry: 12.9 %
Services: 40.4 %
Economy

Currency: birr
1 Ethiopian birr 100 centes
Exchange rates $ 1 = 9,22 Br;
Exchange rates € 1 = 13,07 Br
Currency
Economy

the liberalisation of trade policy
Economy
privatisation of public sector
enterprises
financial sector reforms
deregulation of prices and
exchange rate controls

The Economic development strategy
the export-led
development's
strategy
Agricultural
development
led-
industrialisation
Economy

Agriculture
85 % total employment
47 % of total (GDP)

Major agricultural products
coffee

cereals

fruits

livestock

Education
Radical changes to the curriculum
Capacity building
Education for all
The right to education in their own languages
A problem-centred methodology and student-centred methods
Education Policy

Kindergarten
University Vocational Training
Primary Education
Secondary Education Priparatory
General S.E
Basic P.E
General P.E
Educational Structure

INVESTMENT
11,760 investment projects
129 billion Birr capital
more than 4 thousand projects

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
YEAR
Ethiopia GDP real growth rate:10.6 %
The fastest
economic
growth of any
non- oil
producer
In sub-
Saharan
Africa
Economy
6%
12%
10.6%
11%
12%
8%
4%
0%
-4%

Economy
$220
$440
$660
$0
$880
$1100
1,000
700
800
900
2003 2004 2005 2006
GDP- per capita (PPP)
YEAR
2007
750

Population 76.5 million
Growth rate 2.27%
Age structure
0-14 years 43.4%
65 years 53.8%
15-64 years and over 2.7%
Sex structure
Male 52 %
Women 49.8 %
Population per square km: 62.4
Population

Nations, Nationalities and Peoples
Ethiopia is a mosaic of
diverse people who live
peacefully, side-by-side
speaking a multitude of
different tongues,
practicing different
religions and customs
and celebrating a rich
and eclectic history.

Nations, Nationalities and Peoples

Amharic Harari…
Guragiňňa
Tigriňňa
Western Omotic
Eastern Omotic
Nuer ...
Mursi
Nara
Gumuz
The Semitic languages
The Cushitic languages
The Omotic family
Nilo-Saharan
Agaw ...
Oromigna
Somali
Afar
Language

Religion
State and religion are separate
There is no state religion

Ethiopia has a maginificent cultural heritage, seven of
these are included in the world cultural heritage list:
 1. The Simien National Park (North Gondar Zone)
2. The Rock-hewn churches of Lalibela (North Wollo Zone)
3. Castles of Gondar and other monuments of Gonder Style
(Gondar)
4. Lower Valley of the Awash palaentological and
prehistoric sites (AfarRegion)
5. Tiya pre-historical and archaeological sites, central
Tigray (Tigray Region)
6. Axum historical and archaeological sites, central Tigray
(Tigray Region)
7. Valley of the Omo, palaentological and prehistoric sites
(South Omo Zone)

Ethiopia is old; old beyond all imaginations

Ethioian Cultural Heritage, UNESCO
Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List (9)
Cultural
 Aksum (1980)
 Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region (1979)
 Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town (2006)
 Konso Cultural Landscape (2011)
 Lower Valley of the Awash (1980)
 Lower Valley of the Omo (1980)
 Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela (1978)
 Tiya (1980)
Natural
 Simien National Park (1978)
Properties submitted on the Tentative List (3)
 Bale Mountains National Park (2008)
 Dirre Sheik Hussein Religious, Cultural and Historical Site
(2011)
 Holqa Sof Omar: Natural and Cultural Heritage (Sof Omar:

 Konso Cultural Landscape
 Description
 Maps
 Documents
 Gallery
 Indicators
 Brief Description
 Konso Cultural Landscape is a 55km2 arid property of stone walled terraces and fortified settlements in the
Konso highlands of Ethiopia. It constitutes a spectacular example of a living cultural tradition stretching back
21 generations (more than 400 years) adapted to its dry hostile environment. The landscape demonstrates the
shared values, social cohesion and engineering knowledge of its communities. The site also features
anthropomorphic wooden statues - grouped to represent respected members of their communities and
particularly heroic events - which are an exceptional living testimony to funerary traditions that are on the
verge of disappearing. Stone steles in the towns express a complex system of marking the passing of
generations of leaders.
 Other Languages:
English French Arabic Chinese Russian Spanish
 Konso Cultural Landscape © Yonas Beyene More pictures ...
 News
 Sites in Ethiopia, Kenya and Viet Nam inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List Jun 27, 2011

Tiya
 Tiya is among the most important of the roughly 160
archaeological sites discovered so far in the Soddo
region, south of Addis Ababa. The site contains 36
monuments, including 32 carved stelae covered with
symbols, most of which are difficult to decipher. They
are the remains of an ancient Ethiopian culture whose
age has not yet been precisely determined.
 The stelae from the Soddo region, with their enigmatic
configuration, are highly representative of an
expression of the Ethiopian megalithic period.

Tiya is among the most important of the roughly 160 archaeological sites discovered
so far in the Soddo region, south of Addis Ababa. The site contains 36 monuments,
including 32 carved stelae covered with symbols, most of which are difficult to decipher.
They are the remains of an ancient Ethiopian culture whose age has not yet been
precisely determined.
Other Languages:
English French Arabic Chinese Russian Spanish

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