During the early 1930s, Joseph Stalin grew paranoid that those opposing his policies were conspiring against him. He used the assassination of his protégé Sergey Kirov in 1934 to launch a purge, accusing Leon Trotsky of plotting against the Soviet government. Over the next few years, Stalin had thousands of political figures and military commanders arrested, tried, and executed on charges of treason, including 15 party members in 1936 and 21 more in 1938.