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Commercial Flat Roofing: Components and Damage Assessment
- 2. COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT WHATISDAMAGE? The definition of damage can vary. You have functional arguments & cosmetic arguments leading to subjectivity. The manufacturer, insurance policy, and hired engineer may all come up with different definitions of damage. 1 Explain the critical role collateral damage and weather data have on claim validation. 2 3 The Importance of Collateral Damage Assists in basic claim validation. and helps determine hail size, hardness, volume etc. It is evidence that damage has occurred and allows identification of damage dates. Can assist in identifying red flags Spatter size could be inconsistend with damage observed Objectives: Explain various flat roof systems and damage assessment processes. Explain various substrate types and damage assessment processes. Spatter Marks Condenser Fins, + Coil Faces Can assist in identifying red flags Inconsistent damage on new and old condensor fins Soft Metals Can assist in identifying red flags Inconsistent damage on new and old soft metals
- 3. Spatter is the oxidation of any kind fo painted surface or any kind of a chemical makeup. Utility Box was Installed in 2004 Storm date was June of 2016 Spatter still evident March of 2020 WhatisSpatter? It really depends. If the material had been sitting in the sun you could only see 4 years of oxidation accrual. If you remove that, you might not be able to see this oxidazation as well. HowLongDoesSpatterLast? COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT For typical steel panels and flashing, a common rule of thumb is that the diameter of an impacting hailstone is on the order of twice the diameter (a multiplier of 2) of the resulting indentation (Noon, 2001). However, as studies have shown, in many instances this provides a conservatively large estimate of hail size and the multiplier is frequently less than 2 (Crenshaw and Koontz, 2002, Petty, 2013). DoSpatterMarksIndicateHailSize?
- 4. Can assist in confirming date-of-loss, hail size, etc. Can be in the form of NEXRAS, NOAA, Hail Trace, etc. Is API based = no bias = solid evidence Can still have inaccuricies so must be verified by collateral damage You should always choose 2-3 weather sources to corroborate your claim TheImportanceofWeatherData COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
- 5. Built-UpRoofing(BUR) COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Thermoplastic Polyolefin(TPO) CommercialRoofSystems ModifiedBitumen PolyvinylChloride (PVC) Ethylene PropyleneDiene Monomer(EPDM) SprayPolyurethane Foam(SPF)
- 6. ImportantConsiderations: COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Water Shedding Capability The top most layer may mask damage that exists below The idea that if water shedding capability is the only attribute of a roof that can be harmed is inaccurate Always take a 24" by 24" test square Roof Components Must Be Individually Assessed PrimaryRoofAttributes: Fire Rating 1 2 Wind Rating Thermal Rating 3 4 UV Protection 5 These 5 attributes of a roof need to be assessed for damage as they all contribute to the health and life of your roof.
- 7. COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Built-UpRoofing(BUR) Redundant ply systems Reliable and resilient 1 ply, 2ply or 3 ply BUR w/ Granulated Cap Sheets BUR w/ Aluminum or Other Coating BUR w/ Flood Coat or Flood Coat with Pea Gravel Ballast
- 8. COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT BURDamageAssessment: Primary Concern: Perimeter & curb flashings Secondary Concern: Field areas where ballast is thinned Check "can't strip" transition from field to walls/curbs - the membrane will pull away from the can't area. Look for visible damage, then perform intrusive testing to determine condition of substrate Ballasted Not likely to sustain field damage Perform intrusive testing to determine condition of substrate Primary Concern: Perimeter & curb flashings Secondary Concern: Field areas Non-Ballasted Likely to sustain field damage Perform intrusive testing to determine condition of substrate Check for impact that bruises the material and shows a concentric fracture extending from the point of impact This is different from randon crack distribution caused by heat blistering
- 9. COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT ModifiedBitumenRoofing Asphalt-based, close cousin of BUR Commonly comprised of a base sheet and reinforced cap sheet Direct-to-Deck Installation Smooth Rolled Cap Sheet Granulated Cap Sheet
- 10. Primary Concern: Cap sheet, perimeter cants, and unsupported areas Secondary Concern: Substrate - check to see if it has soaked up water Granule loss Fracturing of field-applied coatings Bruising Fracturing of asphalt surrounding reinforcement Fracturing of reinforcement itself Attempt to Identify the Following: COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT ModifiedBitumenDamageAssessment Likely to sustain field damage Perform intrusive testing to determine condition of cap sheet and substrate Distinguish between hail and mechanical damage by feeling for indentations and bruising Pull back the cap sheet to check for star fracturing of the sheet and of the decking underneath
- 11. COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT EPDMRoofing Elastomeric synthetic rubber Thermoset roof system (1ply) Reinforced or non-reinforced, but assessed the same way Adhered ApplicationMethods: Key Facts: Keep In Mind Ballasted EPDM is the strongest type and the hardest to damage Mechanically fastened you will be able to identify by the circular fasteners at the seams Adhered will not have the circular fasteners on the seams
- 12. Primary Concern: Substrate Secondary Concern: Membrane Spatter marks removing the oxidation of the EPDM membrane Depressions in the membranes that you can feel when you run your finger over the membrane Correspondence between the spatter marks and the membrane depressions Attempt to Identify the Following: COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT EPDMDamageAssessment Unlikely to sustain field damage/punctures due to hail impacts Perform intrusive testing to determine condition of cap sheet and substrate Distinguish between hail and mechanical damage by feeling for indentations and bruising
- 13. COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT PVCRoofing Thermoplastic roof system Heat-welded seams Brittle roof system that breaks down over time Sometimes you can see the crosshatching of the membranes through the pvc
- 14. Concentric fractures extending off the point of impact Attempt to Identify the Following: COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT PVCDamageAssessment Likely to sustain field damage Perform intrusive testing to determine condition of cap sheet and substrate Primary Concern: Cap sheet, membrane Secondary Concern: Substrate Application Methods: Mechanically Fastened Adhered Adhered Printed Overlay
- 15. COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT TPORoofing Thermoplastic roof system Heat-welded seams Stable and flexible Polyester reinforcement Application Methods: Mechanically Fastened Adhered Heat-Welded Overlap at Edges
- 16. Substrate damage is likely before membrane damage COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT TPODamageAssessment Likely to sustain field damage Perform intrusive testing to determine condition of cap sheet and substrate Primary Concern: Substrate Secondary Concern: Membrane Depressions in the membranes that you can feel when you run your finger over the membrane Fractures in the membrane, especially with older TPO roofs Attempt to Identify the Following: DO NOT LET another party without moisture meters tell you that this can just be welded back together.
- 17. COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT SPFRoofing Closed cell polyurethane foam More common in warmer climates Can be a mitigation attempt or a roof system by itself Must determine whether the SPF was installed as a coating over an existing roof system or if it is an independent SPF system
- 18. Substrate damage is likely before membrane damage COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT SPFDamageAssessment Likely to sustain field damage Perform intrusive testing to determine condition of substrate Primary Concern: Substrate Secondary Concern: Membrane Very easy to identify fractures and compressions in the foam membrane Can have material embedded in the topcoat foam which makes scarification impossible Can have water damage to the substrate even if the membrane seems to be able to be repaired Attempt to Identify the Following: Water saturation is a huge factor for roof replacement. Make sure you are inspecting for water infiltration in the roof system.
- 19. COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Substrates What you see when you cut the roof Paper faced Used for thermal insulation ISOInsulation Depression of the insulation Fracturing of the facer sheet (audible upon compression) Attempt to Identify the Following: Un-faced Very resilient Irregular wood pulp material RigidFiberboard Depressions that correspond to indentations in the membrane Very defined fracturing of fibers Attempt to Identify the Following:
- 20. Can be soft or rigid Very resilient Absorbs water PerliteBoard Moisture caught in the substrate, causing it to disintegrate Very defined fracturing of fibers Broken off pieces Attempt to Identify the Following: COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Fiberglass faced Very resilient Wood-like and not compressible by touch GlassGypsumBoard Depressions that correspond to indentations in the membrane Very defined powderizing of gypsum from impacts Attempt to Identify the Following:
- 21. Considerationswhenyoudon'thaveathermalloss argumentorengineeringreportonthesubstrate They will be able to provide recommendations for replacements based on damage since they made the product Conclusions from the manufacturers will override any other subjective opinions in an argument Ask the manufacturer! COMMERCIAL FLAT ROOFING COMPONENTS & DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Basically just styrofoam Very compressible by touch Resilient Water will not absorb into product ExpandedPolystyrene(EPS) Very difficult to prove damage that warrants a replacement Most common issues are leaks between seams Attempt to Identify the Following: Special thanks to C3 Group for providing material and coming in to assist with this training! Learn more about them at: https://www.c3adjusters.com/