data and analtytic about materials

3. CONTENTS
What is Rubber…???
History.
Types of Rubber.
Examples.
Properties.
Advantages & Disadvantages.
Applications.

4. A material that can be stretched and will
retract rapidly and forcibly to substantially
its original dimensions upon
release off the force.

5.  Mayan People are considered as the first people
to discover and use rubber.
In 1736, rubber was introduced in France.
In 1791, waterproof cloth with the help of rubber.
In 1839, the process of vulcanization was discovered.
In 1879, first synthetic rubber was made in laboratory.
In 1910, first commercial synthetic rubber produced.
In 1931, first successful synthetic rubber was
manufactured.
TIMELINE:DEVELOPMENT OF RUBBER

6. NATURAL RUBBER
A yellowish, amorphous, elastic material
obtained from the latex of various
tropical plants, especially the
rubber tree.
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
A material with the mechanical
property that it can undergo elastic
deformation under stress and still
return to its previous size without
permanent deformation.

8. Also known as India Rubber.
made from milky colloid “LATEX
SAP” produced by some plants.
Latex is natural polymer of
isoprene.

9. Latex is the protective fluid contained
in tissue beneath the bark of the
rubber tree.
A cut is made in bark of the tree
and latex is allowed to exude
into a collecting vessel over a
period of hours.
Latex is processed then dried,
sorted and smoked.

10. Isoprene is made by processing of Latex.
 Isoprene is a common organic compound
with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2
It is polymerized to give polyisoprene(natural rubber).

11. There were a number of reasons responsible for the
development of an alternative or substitute for
natural rubber. These included:
Volatile or rising prices.
Supply of raw materials.
Long transport distances.
Regional constraints related rubber plantations.
Increase in global demand for rubber.

12. Synthetic rubber is a white, crumbly, plastic mass
which can be processed and vulcanized in the same
way as natural rubber.
Most are obtained by polymerization or
polycondensation of unsaturated monomers
Synthetic rubber is produced in different ways.
Figure illustrates one of the common production
processes.

14. In 1909, Synthetic Rubber, by
polymerization of METHYL
ISOPRENE by HOFFMANN.
In 1910, Commercial Synthetic
Rubber, by polymerizing
BUTADIENE.
In 1931, first successful synthetic
rubber, known as NEOPRENE.
Methyl Isoprene

15. There are numerous examples of Natural and
Synthetic Rubbers. We will be discussing some
of them here:
1. Polyisoprene.
2. BUNA CB.
3. Butyl Rubber.
4. Neoprene.
5. Silicone Rubber.
6. BUNA N
7. BUNA S

16. Resistant to oxidizing agents and is damaged by aging,
sunlight, oil.
Used in Domestic, textile, paper, carpet industry.
As adhesives, toy balloons, etc

17. Good abrasion resistance.
It exhibits a recovery of 80% after stress is applied.
Used as a fuel in Solid Rocket Boosters, railway pads,
bridge blocks.

18. It is a colorless to light yellow viscoelastic material.
Excellent impermeability/air retention.
Vibration damping.
Resistance to aging and to weathering.

19. Neoprene has good chemical stability, and maintains
flexibility over a wide temperature range.

20. Silicone rubber is generally stable and non-reactive.
Resistant to extreme temperatures.
Aviation and aerospace wiring.
High electrical insulation.

21. It is resistant to oil, fuel, and other chemicals.
Non-latex gloves.
Preparation of adhesives and as a pigment binder.
Synthetic leather.
Printer's roller.

22. It has good abrasion resistance and good
aging stability.
Sealing and binding agent.
Better durability.

23. Highly amorphous material.
High randomly orientated structure.
High tensile strength.
Low intermolecular forces allow flexibility.
Energy storing ability.
Water repellant.
Resistant to alkalies and weak acids.

24. ENERGY STORAGING ABILITY
Can store “Elastic Potential Energy”
and convert it into “Kinetic Energy”
upon the release of applied load.

25. Light Weight.
Molding.
High stretch ability and flexibility.
Resistant to water and other chemicals.
Electrical Insulation.
Shock absorbing characteristics
These are recyclable like plastics.
They can be easily colored by most types of dyes.

26. Cold weather hardness.
Become sticky in damp conditions. That’s why,
VULCANIZATION is required to make it weather resistant
and more durable.
General inability to bear greater load.
Heat Absorbency.
Infectious to skin.
Relatively high cost of raw materials.

27. Vulcanization is a chemical process for converting
rubber or related polymers into more durable
materials via the addition of sulphur or other
equivalent "curatives".

28. Some of the common applications of rubber are:
Daily Use Items.
Automotive Industry.
Adhesive Materials.
Sealing Agents.
Insulation Material.
Sports Goods.
Paints and Dyes.
Others…

29. Rubber made items find large application in the
our daily life household items such as shoes, clothes,
remote controls, storage bins etc

30. Rubber finds many applications in automotive industry,
such as Tires, Seat Belts, Bumpers, Gaskets and Car
Interior etc.
A life saving device made by rubber is planted in cars
“Air Bag”.

31. Rubber adhesives are the most commonly used
adhesives now-a-days.

32. Rubber sealants are used for leak-proofing.

33. Rubber is used as insulating material
for protection against heat,
electricity.

34. Rubber is used in making many sports goods such as
grips, basketball, football, padding etc.

35. Rubber paint is a durable, creamy, brushable layer of
paint.
Used to paint sail cloth, wax paper, plastics.
It gives high level finish.

36. In Medical and Dental field.
In making Toys.
In making Rubberized Asphalt.
In making of Packing Equipments.
and so on............................

38. Asia is the largest rubber consuming region.