Understanding Photography by Deepak Vishnu Pawar
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My experiences and learnings in Digital Photography. (Note: I don't claim to be an expert)
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Understanding Photography by Deepak Vishnu Pawar
- 1. Understanding Deepak Pawar June, 2016 “ You don’t take a photograph, you make it.” - Ansel Adams (1902-84) A picture is worth a thousand words… Photography
- 2. Photo(n) Graph • Light (photons) • Photo(n) sensitive surface/material • Exposure to light (Control) • Window size • Duration • Material sensitivity • Recreation of the image
- 3. H.Y.S.W.Y.S. • Optical Physics • Cornea: Front element • Pupil: Aperture ring • Iris: Aperture control • Lens • Retina: Sensor • Macula: • ~6mm central area • Densest concentration of photo receptors. • Fovea =The central portion of the macula. Densely packed with only cone (color sensing) cells. • Vision • Field of view: 550 foveal, 1600 peripheral • 50 mm FF • Blind spot • Exercise – 1: Blind spot identification
- 4. H.Y.P.W.Y.S. • Eye is like a camera but vision is not like a photograph • Foveal vision vs Peripheral vision • 3D image processing – shadows & contrasts • 130mp equiv data – 6mp color, 124mp b/w • Exercise 2 – close eyes for a min • 1.2m fibers • Processed vision < 10%
- 5. Brain Influence • Exercise 3 – Selective attention test • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ahg6qcgoay4 • Perspective • What you want to see • Intention guides brain • Brain guides the eyes • The Scene • TheThoughts • The Emotions • TheValues
- 6. KnowYour Camera – Components • Lens • Aperture • Mirror • Pentaprism • Eyepiece • Shutter • Sensor
- 7. KnowYour Camera – Lens • Mount • Glass elements • Aperture ring • Auto-focus system • PrimeVS Zoom
- 8. KnowYour Camera – Sensor • Array of Micro Lenses • Colour Filters • Charge buckets • Signal Amplifiers • Sensor Sizes & Mega Pixels myth
- 9. KnowYour Camera – Sensor • Different Sensor Sizes
- 10. Photograph Attributes • Understanding Exposure • Aperture • DoF • Shutter Speed • Motion freeze vs blur • ISO • Noise • Focal Length • White Balance • Sharpness • Contrasts • Highlights/Shadows • Subject Focus EXPOSURE TRIANGLE Extent to which the light sensitive medium gets affected due to light.
- 11. Exercise 4: Exposure • Sunrise • Birds in Action • Waterfall • Day portrait • Night portrait • Milkyway Aperture Shutter ISO Narrow Med-High Low Wide High High Narrow Low Low Wide High Low Wide High Med-High Wide Bulb High
- 12. KnowYour Camera – Controls • Camera controls • Mode Dial • M: Full Manual • A/Av: Aperture Priority • S/Tv: Shutter/Time Priority • P: Program • Exposure Lock: (AE-L/AF-L) / * • AF Points & Metering: Manual Modes
- 13. KnowYour Camera – Menu • Camera Menu • Shutter speed • Aperture • ISO • Exposure Level • WB • Drive Mode • Metering • AF Mode
- 14. KnowYour Camera – Settings/Effects Shutter SpeedApertureWhite Balance
- 15. KnowYour Camera – Controls • Lens controls • Auto focus • Image Stabilizer • Mount/Unmount • Flash • DoF Preview
- 16. BasicTechniques • Holding the camera • Find support: tripod/bean-bag/wall/sit… • Shutter release • Breath out (and hold) • Soft click (face of the finger, not the tip of it) • Continuous shooting mode • Think of composition, light, different perspectives • Observe the scene • Get your settings right • Try a few shots, review them – histogram • Be patient for the right moment • Raw vs Jpeg
- 17. Clicking Raw vs Jpeg • Pixel bit sizes • Pixel attributes • Lossless vs lossy compression • Complete data dump from the sensor • High dynamic range in Raw • In-camera Jpeg processing: • Capture raw data • Decode • Filter RGB • ApplyWB • Apply contrast and tone levels • Noise reduction • Apply colour profile • Colour saturation,Vibrance • Sharpness • Compress • Save Jpeg Processed Raw
- 18. Developing your Photo • Film development procedure • Good to better • No DNA changes, enhance the attributes • Ethical vs Unethical • Recreate what “YOU SAW”
- 19. Post Processing your Photo • Extract & leverage max data • Elements: • Exposure • WB • Crop • Highlights / Shadows • Tones & Contrasts • Colour Saturation • Sharpness / Noise • Lens corrections • Distortion • Chromatic aberration • Vignetting Raw Processed
- 20. Composition • A good photograph is taken well before shutter click. • Why is it important ? • Tells story • Guides the viewer • Strikes balance • Different perspective • A good composition is like a suspension bridge – each line adds strength and takes none away.
- 21. Composition Rules • Rule 1: Rule ofThirds
- 22. …Composition Rules • Rule 2: Balance
- 23. …Composition Rules • Rule 3: Geometric Shapes
- 24. …Composition Rules • Rule 4: Symmetry
- 25. …Composition Rules • Rule 5: Framing
- 26. …Composition Rules • Rule 6: Leading/Trailing lines
- 27. …Composition Rules • Rule 7: Spot the patterns
- 28. …Composition Rules • Rule 8: Find the contrasts
- 29. …Composition Rules • Rule 9: Alter the perspective
- 30. …Composition Rules • Rule 10: Golden Ratio – Fibonacci spiral
- 31. …Composition Rules • Importance of Scale & Proportion • Ability to relate – size, distance • Known reference object
- 32. …Composition Rules • Importance of Scale & Proportion • Ability to relate – size, distance • Known reference object Not the farm fields, but a Dragonfly wing Macro
- 33. …Composition Rules • Rule 11: Break the rules
- 34. AdvancedTechniques • HDR Bracketing • Bulb exposure • Panning photos • Time-lapse • Stacking • Creative Bokeh
- 35. Types andTips • Portraits • Landscapes • Night shots • Wildlife • Street • Architecture • Macro • Others • Product • Fashion • Food • Astrophotos • Events • Journalism • Sports • Underwater
- 36. Portrait PhotographyTips • Capture at eye level • Focus on the eyes • Catch-light • Back-light • Fill the frame • Get closer • Add context Equipment: • Camera: • Any D-SLR • FF best results VS cost • Lens: • Prime (best) • 50mm to 200mm • F/2.8 or faster
- 37. Landscape PhotographyTips • Try @ golden hour • Observe the scene • Compose in mind • Bracket your shots • Foreground : Background Focus pt. • Know the place well • Low apertures • Try filters: CPL, ND • Bump up ISO • Don’t depend on single shot! Equipment: • Camera: • Any • DSLR best results • Lens: • Wide angle • 8mm to 35mm • Tripod
- 38. Wildlife PhotographyTips • Try @ golden hour • Study: Location, Habitat • Be the ‘Guest’, Camouflage, DND • Continuous shooting mode • High-speed I/O cards • NO Flash • High apertures, shutter speeds • Bump up ISO • Crop it • Be patient!! Be watchful!! • good:total :: 1:1000 • photo:visits :: 1:10 Equipment: • Camera: • DSLR best results (APS-C) • Lens: • Telephoto • 200mm to 600mm • F/4 or Faster • 1.4x, 2x Extender • Tripod
- 39. Street PhotographyTips • Try @ golden hour • Study: Location, Culture,Traditions • Get closer to subjects • Seek permissions • Circle back • Stick to a theme • Continuous shooting mode • Bump up ISO • Wait, and time the shot • Add context for better reading Equipment: • Camera: • Any • DSLR best results (APS-C) • Lens: • Kit Lens • 18mm to 100mm
- 40. Macro PhotographyTips • Get closer to subjects • Try reverse mount • Try extension tubes • Narrow aperture • Bump up ISO • Catch-light • Use flash Equipment: • Camera: • DSLR best results (APS-C) • Lens: • Kit Lens • 18-55mm • 50mm f/1.8 • Macro Lens VS Cost • Extension Tubes
- 41. Equipment: Choose your best • Budget • Money • Time • Recurring budget • Lenses • Accessories • Purpose • Patience
- 42. Practice Exercises: [Sharpen your skills] • Click B/W • Fixed focal length / aperture / shutter • Manual focus only • Manual exposure only • Ground level shots only • Top view shots only • Composition: 1 rule – 1 month • Crop a photo and form min 10 different images • 1 subject 10 different compositions • Creative bokeh • 1 Place • In different times of the day • In different seasons • Timelapse: Blooming flowers/saplings • Develop somebody else’s photos
- 43. References • Digital Photography School: http://digital-photography- school.com • Equipment reviews: http://www.dpreview.com • Cambridge in Color: http://www.cambridgeincolour.com • Petapixel: http://petapixel.com • http://www.geofflawrence.com/photography_tutorials.html • Books: • Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System: http://webvision.med.utah.edu • http://www.amazon.in/Understanding-Exposure-3rd-Photographs- Camera/dp/0817439390 • Share your work: ask for feedback • www.500px.com • www.flickr.com • P@P
- 44. Video References • CMOS-Sensor in a Canon DLSR • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oa2DbQcKAEU • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkywIVCQOeo • Shutter: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyqbIuTzRVI • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmjeCchGRQo [10K FPS] • Camera: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxXi-_R3YTQ • Lens: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovxtgj4SsiI • Science of sensors: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MytCfECfqWc
- 45. All said and done …So, go out there and practice Learn to See