3. 6 Things to KNOW
1. KNOW your camera settings
2. HOLD the camera still
3. No DISTRACTIONS
4. Take A LOT of photos
5. Tell a STORY
6. Capture a MOOD
4. World’s 1st Selfie
• Robert Cornelius,
October 1839
• 3 to 15 minute
exposure
5. Camera SAFETY
• CAMERA STRAP!
• NEVER face lens
down
• Don’t leave it on the
ground!
• Secure to tripod
• No running
• Water + electronics=
BAD
• DON’T FORCE
ANYTHING!
6. Camera SAFETY
• Proper way to hold a DSLR
The photographer on the
left has no support for the
elbows with the camera in
the vertical position, but
the photographer on the
right has supported the
camera properly.
7. Camera SAFETY
• Proper way to hold a DSLR
The photographer on the
left has no support for the
elbows with the camera in
the vertical position, but
the photographer on the
right has supported the
camera properly.
11. TYPES of Cameras
SLR (Single- Lens Reflex) and
DSLR (digital Single-Lens Reflex)
Uses a series of mirrors
that reflect off the lens,
allowing the viewer to
see the image right-side
up . Traditional SLR
cameras used film, now
that has been replaced
with a digital image
sendor (DSLR).
12.
13. TYPES of Cameras
Point & Shoot/Compact Camera
Camera designed for
simple operation, mostly
automatic settings so
easy for everyone to use.
Requires minimal
knowledge of camera
settings, and is portable.
Do not have mirrors like
an SLR, rather a lens
14. TYPES of Cameras
Camera Phone
Camera phones have
become extremely
popular and an easyand
convienient way to
capture photos and share
them instantly.
Depending on the type of
phone, some phone
cameras can be 8mp and
take professional-looking
images.
15. Comparison: Point & Shoot and DSLR
DLSR Compact/Point & Shoot
Much more expensive ($400+) Lower priced and more accessible
More settings/functions= more variety of
pictures, more creativity
Easy to use/portable, but takes control
out of the photographer’s hands
Ability to take pictures in difficult lighting
with increased ISO/shutter speed modes
Automated, ISO and shutter speed control
is limited
Ability to change out lenses/optical zoom Only digital zoom
Ability to change aperture Aperture is automated
More serious photography More casual photography
17. Pre-set “SCENE” modes
Automatically changes settings
to fit the particular scene.
DOWNSIDE: Your camera
is not a brain- it may not
do what you want it to do
just by selecting a scene.
Use Scenes as a tool, but don’t rely on it!
18. Flash
• The flash adds artificial light
to the setting. Most of the
pictures you take with the
point and shoot camera will
be flash-off photos… you will
use it sparingly!
Using the flash makes pictures dull,
overexposed, and does not show fine
shadows and details. Natural light is a
much better option!
19. Flash
• You will want to make
sure the flash is off
most of the time, and
use other camera
settings to make up for
dim lighting.
There is a way
to ‘dull’ the
flash with the
DSLR diffuser
for challenging
indoor lighting.
20. Mini Assignment: Scavenger Hunt
With a group of 2 or 3,
you will be completing a
scavenger hunt that will
help you discover how to
use camera settings.
You will be using both the point &
shoot and the DSLR camera for this
assignment, so you do not need to go
in order of the questions.
21. Tripods
• A tripod is ESSENTIAL for a
clear photograph,
particularly in challenging
lighting situations or slower
shutter speeds (DSLR).
Become familiar with how to use
a tripod and bring at least one
with your group each day.
22. Manual Focus Mode
• There are two ways to focus:
manual and auto. Most of
the time you will be in auto,
but we are going to practice
using manual focus.
23. White Balance
Color “temperature” of
a photo. The white
balance setting corrects
unrealistic colors by
balancing it, based on
the type of lighting.
Keep white balance on A (Auto) unless
you notice an off color in your photos.
27. “Incorrect” White Balance
• You can also set white balance to change the mood of
your photo or make it look like a different time of day.
28. Single-Point Auto Focus
• To focus on a certain part of the scene.
• Camera has 11 separate focus points to choose from
• Start in the middle, move to other points.
30. Single-Point Auto Focus
In Class Assignment: Using a single object (either inside or outside), practice
taking pictures using at least 5 different focus points. REMEMBER, no
distracting background!
31. Single-Point Auto Focus
CAMERA SETTINGS:
• PROGRAM Mode
• ISO 200-400
• Flash OK
• Check EXPOSURE COMPENSATION
32. ISO
• Stands for “International
Standards Organization”
• The ISO setting measures
how sensitive the camera
is to light.
• Measured in numbers
from 64, 100, 200, 400,
800, etc.
• Changing the ISO can
affect the quality of the
picture.
33. LOW ISO
• ISO 50-100
• Good for CLOSE UPS
• Need BRIGHT OUTDOOR light
• USE a tripod!
34. LOW ISO
• SITUATIONS TO USE:
– OUTDOORS- in good lighting
– Close ups with detail
ISO 100
35. HIGH ISO
• ISO 400-800: Used for
dim light but not night
• 1600+ Indoor or night
shots.
Increases the camera’s sensitivity to
light, so its good for pictures without
ideal lighting. BUT- the catch is that it
creates “Noise”
ISO 800
36. HIGH ISO
• SITUATIONS
TO USE:
– INDOORS-esp
with
flash
– Action
– Low
lighting/even
ing
San Francisco @ ISO 6400
40. Noise Reduction
In very high ISO situations (over 800) make sure to
set the NOISE REDUCTION feature
41. ISO
• Low ISO: 50-100- outdoor sunny lighting, close
ups, MUST use a TRIPOD.
• Middle ISO: 200-400- Good for
cloudy/overcast days, medium lighting.
• High ISO- 800+ - Dim lighting, action shots,
increasing the ISO will lead to more ‘noise’
46. ISO- Student Examples
In Class assignment: Practice using the ISO settings. Take some indoor
photos with high and low ISO, some outdoor photos and see what
changes
47. Single Point Auto-Focus and ISO
Assignment
• You are going to combine your
knowledge of ISO, white balance
and single-point auto focus
48. Single Point Auto-
Focus and ISO
we shouldn’t be
able to tell what the object is,
but it is still interesting.
how can you
make an ordinary object seem
amazing from three angles?
• You will take 3 photos of
each object: Each using a
different focal point
• You will use appropriate
ISO for the photos (and
you must be able to
explain WHY you used that
# ISO)
• You will use the
appropriate white balance
for the lighting (and be
able to explain)
• You will NOT have a
distracting background!
• NO BLURRY PHOTOS!
• One of your series must be
INSIDE
50. Optical ZOOM vs Digital
Digital Zoom: the camera
enlarges the image area at
the center of the frame
and trims away the
outside edges of the
picture. Not a true zoom-just
enlarges the image.
Optical Zoom:. An optical zoom is a
true zoom- it enlarges a picture while
keeping the resolution and sharpness
of the picture high. They produce
much better-quality images.
51. Types of Lenses
Digital Zoom: the camera
enlarges the image area at
the center of the frame
and trims away the
outside edges of the
picture. Not a true zoom-just
enlarges the image.
Optical Zoom:. An optical zoom is a
true zoom- it enlarges a picture while
keeping the resolution and sharpness
of the picture high. They produce
much better-quality images.
55. Rule of Thirds
• COMPOSITION- professional
photographers think about the
composition of their photograph!
• Divide the photo into 3 sections
• The subject should be in 2 of the
‘intersections’
60. • When editing on the Rule of Thirds
computer, Check
your rule of thirds in
iPhoto!
• Use the grid! With
one eye closed to
frame the subject
correctly
• CLEAR SUBJECT (no
distractions)
61. Rule of Thirds
On the sticky notes, write:
1. If it follows rule of thirds
2. Whether or not it’s a good
photo
3. Is it balanced?
4. ALSO- choose the best and
worst photo and write why.
62. Rule of Thirds- Student Example
Mini Assignment: On
either camera, use
your grid and
knowledge of rule of
thirds to take:
1. close up(inside or
outside)
2. Landscape
(anything without
buildings or people)
3. action photo
REMEMBER! It MUST have a clear
subject, no DISTRACTIONS, and
FOLLOW rule of thirds!
63. Aperture (F Stop)
• The size of the opening in the lens
when a picture is taken
• The larger the opening, the MORE
light gets in, the smaller the
opening, the LESS light gets in.
• Aperture is measured in “F Stops”
64. Aperture (F Stop)
• Moving from one F-Stop
to the next either
doubles or halves the
size of the opening in
your lens…
• LARGE OPENING=
Smaller f stop, smaller
depth of field.
• SMALL OPENING=
Larger f stop, greater
depth of field
66. Why Change the F Stop?
• Changes the DEPTH OF
FIELD of your picture…
• Depth of Field is how
much of your picture is
in FOCUS
LARGE
DOF
(larger f
stop)
SMALL
DOF
(smaller f
stop)
67. Shallow Depth of Field
• Only part of the image will be in
focus, and the rest will be blurry
• This is LARGER aperture because
more light is coming in =smaller
f/stop (like f/2)
73. When to change Aperture
• Landscape photos (so the
horizon is in focus)
• Building shots
• Anytime you want to see
ALL detail in a photo
LARGER APERTURE (low f
stop, like 2.8)
SMALLER APERTURE
(high f stop, like f11)
• Portraits
• Close-up photos
• Anytime you have a focal
point and don’t want the
background to be distracting
When changing Aperture, you should be in
APERTURE PRIORITY mode!
78. Student Examples:
Larger Aperture (smaller F Stop)
MINI ASSIGNMENT: Using a
DSLR, find an object that would
be appropriate for Small and
large aperture.
Take the photos, and review to
see if they turned out well, and
if you need to alter the F stop.
WRITE in your sketchbook what
F Stop you used for each photo
and WHY.
82. Rule of Thirds/Aperture Project
You are turning in
3 PHOTOS TOTAL.
• 1 Close up photo of nature
(using large aperture/ LOW F
stop)
• One landscape (using small
aperture/HIGH F stop)
without buildings or people
• One photo of your choice
that shows DESTRUCTION.
Requirements:
• One photo MUST be
in black and white
- All 3 photos MUST
use Rule of Thirds
- Large aperture photo
MUST be done using
DLSR
83. Shutter Speed (DSLR)
• The amount of time the
shutter is ‘open’
• Measured in seconds
(1/1000 is much faster than
1/30)
• Most photos 1/60 or faster
• SLOWER than 1/60- need a
tripod
84. Shutter Speed
• When to change
shutter speed
(DSLR only):
– Is the subject
moving?
– Do you want to
freeze the image or
add some ‘blur’?
– SHARPNESS.
88. Shutter Speed
• D3100 Range: 1/4000 of
a second to 30 seconds.
• Camera controls
aperture!
• “Semiautomatic”
TROUBLESHOOTING:
- Low lighting: “Lo” will
appear if you are trying a
long shutter speed: not
enough light!!
- Outdoors: “Hi”will appear-too
much light and image
will be overexposed.
- ISO: always check setting if
your picture isn’t turning
out correctly
90. SLOW shutter speed: BLUR
• PANNING: To Create a
‘blur’ effect where the
subject is clear but the
background is moving, pan
across with your camera
slowly while pressing down
the shutter. This will make
your subject look like it is
moving faster....
• USE Shutter speed 1/30 or
1/60
95. Action/Movement: BLUR
DLSR:
• S Mode
• You need to
DECREASE the
shutter speed
when panning.
• Try 1/30 or 1/60.
Should not be
higher than
1/1000
• Use the TRIPOD
• Have enough light
Point and Shoot:
• POINT AND SHOOT:
• ISO 100, use LANDSCAPE mode for
panning. Follow subject with your body
96. FAST Shutter speed:
Action/Movement
• Moment frozen
in time
• Should be
clear!
• TIMING IS
EVERYTHING!
97. Action/Movement: Moment Frozen in
Time
• Precise MOMENT
• What is happening
before and after?
• FAST shutter
speed (over
1/125)
108. FAST SS: Moment in time
DLSR:
• S Mode
• You need to INCREASE
shutter speed (over
1/125)
• Use the TRIPOD-especially
for close
ups like water
• Have enough light
• Press shutter down
halfway
Point and Shoot:
• Use Burst Mode
• Try action/sport mode
• USE A TRIPOD!
• Objects AND People
• Press shutter down halfway
109. Tips for Action Photos
1. Offset subject: don’t
place in middle of
frame.
2. Get in front of the
action! Coming toward
you, not going away
from you
3. Tell a story. Make us
interesting. Look for
interesting angle.
110. Mini Assignment: Partners OK
1. Practice 2 photos using
MOMENT IN TIME and FAST
shutter speed.
2. Practice PANNING with DSLR
for 2 different subjects to get blur
(Slow shutter speed).
3. Write: short description of
your photos and any
challenges/success you had in
sketchbook. (4 photos total)
114. Burst Settings
On DSLR:
- Continuous shutter button-will
keep taking pictures as
long as you hold it down
- Flash disabled
- About 3 frames per second
On POINT and SHOOT
- Program: Burst Mode
- 2 photos
115. PANO: Iphone
- IOS 7 or newer
- Panoramic: For water
or lights only!
- People can be difficult
to shoot
120. Action Assignment:
1. Freeze the Action (moment in
time): ONE photo that freezes the
action. (THIS MAY NOT BE SOMEONE
RUNNING OR JUMPING)
2. Blur (DLSR) : 1 Photo with
BLUR where the subject is
clear and background is
blurred completely
3. Burst mode: take 3-6 photos
in succession that TELL A STORY
SPECIFICS:
- Background should
NOT be a distraction
(photo focused on
subject)
- At least one Photo
should be an object
(not a person)
- Subject should not
be centered
- MAKE IT
UNEXPECTED AND
INTERESTING.
YOU WILL TURN IN AT LEAST 5 PHOTOS
Editor's Notes
The rule of thirds is a "rule of thumb" or guideline which applies to the process of composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs.[1] The guideline proposes that an image should be imagined as divided into nine equal parts by two equally spaced horizontal lines and two equally spaced vertical lines, and that important compositional elements should be placed along these lines or their intersections.[2] Proponents of the technique claim that aligning a subject with these points creates more tension, energy and interest in the composition than simply centering the subject would.[citation needed]
The photograph to the right demonstrates the application of the rule of thirds. The horizon sits at the horizontal line dividing the lower third of the photo from the upper two-thirds. The tree sits at the intersection of two lines, sometimes called a power point or a crash point[citation needed]. Points of interest in the photo do not have to actually touch one of these lines to take advantage of the rule of thirds.[citation needed] For example, the brightest part of the sky near the horizon where the sun recently set does not fall directly on one of the lines, but does fall near the intersection of two of the lines, close enough to take advantage of the rule.[cita
-How long you expose camera’s sensor to light
- How SHARP photos are
- Movement shows up as blur
Not good for subjects moving toward or away from you
Too fast and you won’t get blurring; too slow and subject won’t be recognizable
Follow through even after shutter has closed
Focus mode: dynamic