The technology language and terms used in Digital Transformation for both technical and non-technical people all in 3 minutes.

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Technology Language of
Digital Transformation
For technical & non-technical people

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Digital Technology Landscape
Data: In computing, data is information that has been translated into a form that is efficient for movement or
processing. Relative to today's computers and transmission media, data is information converted into binary digital
form
Big Data: a term for data sets that are so large or complex that traditional data processing application software is
inadequate to deal with them.
CPU: The central processing unit of a computer is a piece of hardware that carries out the instructions of a
computer program. It performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of a computer system.
Storage: is a process through which digital data is saved within a data storage device by means of computing
technology. Storage is a mechanism that enables a computer to retain data, either temporarily or permanently.
Storage may also be referred to as computer data storage or electronic data storage.
Power: Also called a power supply unit or PSU, the component that supplies power to a computer. Most personal
computers can be plugged into standard electrical outlets. The power supply then pulls the required amount of
electricity and converts the AC current to DC current..
Facilities: Refers to the Physical environment the computer/technology is located and requires to function, such as;
source of power, air-conditioning, layout, space, physical connectivity to network or other devices

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Digital Technology Landscape
(Computer) Network: a telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources. In computer
networks, networked computing devices exchange data with each other using a data link. The connections
between nodes are established using either cable media or wireless media.
Software Stack (refers to a group of software programs that work in tandem to achieve a common goal, each
providing a specific function e.g. Web application)
(Web) Server: a system that responds to requests across a computer network to provide, or help to provide, a
network or data service.
(Database: an organized collection of data It is the collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views, and other
objects.
Operating System: Manages hardware and software to provide common resources for the applications which run
on the computing platform.
Programming Language: a formal language that specifies a set of instructions that can be used to produce various
kinds of output

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Digital Technology Landscape
A Platform is a group of technologies that are used as a base upon which other applications, processes or
technologies are developed. A personal computing platform is a modern laptop running Windows as an operating
system. Another example would be an Apple computer running the Mac OS operating system, or mobile might be
hardware that runs Apples IOS or Googles Android OS. A corporate Platform might be based on Oracle, or SAP
technologies as another example.
Application Programming Interface (API) In basic terms, APIs just allow applications to communicate with one
another. It is a set of functions and procedures allowing the creation of applications that access the features or
data of an operating system, application, or other service.
Neural Network: a computational model used in machine learning, computer science and other research
disciplines, which is based on a large collection of connected simple units called artificial neurons, loosely
analogous to axons in a biological brain.
Block Chain: a distributed database that maintains a continuously growing list of records, called blocks, secured
from tampering and revision. Each block contains a timestamp and a link to a previous block. By design,
blockchains are inherently resistant to modification of the data — once recorded, the data in a block cannot be
altered retroactively. Through the use of a peer-to-peer network and a distributed timestamping server, a
blockchain database is managed autonomously. Blockchains are an open, distributed ledger that can record
transactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way. The ledger itself can also be
programmed to trigger transactions automatically.
Application software is a program or group of programs designed for end users. These programs are divided into
two classes: system software and application software.
App. (Mobile App): A software application running on a mobile device
Artificial Intelligence: any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of
success at some goal. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is applied when a machine mimics "cognitive"
functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as "learning" and "problem solving".
Augmented Reality(AR): a live direct or indirect view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are
augmented (or supplemented) by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data.
Virtual Reality (VR): a realistic and immersive simulation of a three-dimensional 360-degree environment, created
using interactive software and hardware, and experienced or controlled by movement of the body" or as an
"immersive, interactive experience generated by a computer".
(Data) Analytics: the discovery, interpretation, and communication of meaningful patterns in data in any digital
media to achieve a specific goal. It includes predictive analytics and behavioural analytics.
Social Media: are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas,
interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks. They have evolved to become
business platforms for creating and/or engaging in eco-systems, promotion, sales and delivery of products and
services as well as enabling collaboration internally and externally in an organisation or as an individual or interest
group.

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Digital Technology Landscape
Mobile Device: any device which does not require physical connection to the Network and is portable.Device is a constructed tool of any type in any of the core sciences and across the sciences, sensors above are
devices, many sensors combine chemical processes with physical or electrical property changes that can be
measured to indicate the target measurement dynamic and magnitude. In IT Device often means a physical
electronic device, such as a Phone, PC, Tablet, Server, Sensor, Server, Car (connected) etc.
Transducer is a device that converts a signal in one form of energy to another form of energy, a sensor is a
transducer. A sensor is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be
read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic) instrument.
(Intelligent/Connected) Machine: a tool or device containing one or more parts that uses energy to perform an
intended action (s) that has electrical/digital connectivity to other devices.
Internet of things: refers to the connection of any physical item (component, device, machine, subsystem, system)
to other computing resources that can provide input, receive output, process and/or take an action. Expanding the
scope of software applications to include control of “Things”.
Cloud: a set of private, public or hybrid computing resources available to authorised users via the internet on an as
needed basis which are dynamically scalable, and user often pay as they use the resources.
(DaaS) Data as a service: normally relates to access to data public (Open) or Private that could be located
anywhere on the Web.
(IaaS) Infrastructure as a service: normally relates to access to data centre physical computing devices (Hardware)
and network resources (CPU, Server, Storage, I/O etc) that could be located anywhere in the world
(PaaS) Platform as a service: relates to access to and use of specific software stacks (Server, Database,
Programming Language, Tools,Operating System) , which usually reside on an IaaS.
(SaaS) Software as a service: relates to access and use of specified software applications and/or functionality.
Normally on a pay as you use or subscriber basis without any up-front investment or infrastructure.

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Digital Technology Landscape
Agile (Development): a set of principles for software development under which requirements and solutions evolve
through the collaborative effort of self-organizing cross-functional teams. It advocates adaptive planning,
evolutionary development, early delivery, and continuous improvement, and it encourages rapid and flexible
response to change.
DevOps: a term used to refer to a set of practices that emphasize the collaboration and communication of both
software developers and information technology (IT) professionals while automating the process of software
delivery and infrastructure changes. It aims at establishing a culture and environment where building, testing, and
releasing software can happen rapidly, frequently, and more reliably.
Development & Test Environment: normally a replicated isolated set of resources that facilitate development and
Testing (Functional & Non-Functional), with pragmatic replication of end user computing environment.
(Enterprise) Systems Management: is concerned with control, monitoring and the management of all IT
Resources, infrastructure and applications in order to optimise IT service delivery for the end user and minimise IT
costs.
Cyber Security (IT Security): is the protection of computer systems from the theft or damage to their hardware,
software or information, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide.
Data Protection (Information Privacy): describes all steps and organisation take to protect personal data they
receive, process and/or store both physical and digital, including policy, procedure, tool, software, security. Often
to comply with laws and regulations.

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Digital Technology Landscape
Robot(ics)-Droid: is a machine, often one programmable by a computer, capable of carrying out a complex series
of actions automatically. Robots can be guided by an external control device or the control may be embedded
within. Robots may be constructed to take on human form but most
Botnets are networks made up of remote-controlled computers, or “bots.” These computers have been infected
with malware that allows them to be remotely controlled
Digital Twins: A dynamic software model of a physical thing or system. Using physics data on how the components
of a thing operate and respond to the environment as well as data provided by sensors in the physical world, a
digital twin can be used to analyze and simulate real world conditions, responds to changes, improve operations
and add value. Digital twins of physical assets combined with digital representations of facilities and environments
as well as people, businesses and processes will enable an increasingly detailed digital representation of the real
world for simulation, analysis and control.
Mesh: Refers to the dynamic connection of people, processes, things and services supporting intelligent digital
ecosystems. As the mesh evolves, the user experience fundamentally changes and the supporting technology and
security architectures and platforms must change as well.
Backbone (Infrastructure): Most often refers to the core IT Infrastructure that supports the deployment of an
organisations digital services and applications (data centres, Servers, Networks, Standards, Platforms, Tools).
Existing organisations will have legacy backbones.

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Digital Transformation
is a Business & Org.
Change initiative
Enabled by
Technology
That requires new
Capabilities,
Competencies &
Culture

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Capability is;
“The ability to
mobilise resources
to achieve an aim”
Capability Maturity is;
“The habituated
Functioning & Learning
Level of an Org.”

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