MKT 421 Distribution Channels Sports Apparel Article Review

MKT 421 Assignment Distribution channel
Article Review (sports apparel company)
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
Purpose of Assignment
A well planned distribution channel system is a key component of the
marketing mix that helps meet customer demands and achieve
company goals. This assignment will analyze the role channels of
distribution have in meeting the needs of consumers in both a brick
and mortar and online retail setting.
Scenario: You work for a newly formed sports apparel company and
your manager has requested you help the company decide on the best
distribution strategy to use for its products. You have begun research
on the strategies and methods available by reviewing relevant articles
on the topic. Based on your article review, you will decide what
strategy(ies) is/are best and explain the reasoning behind your
conclusion.
Select an article from that is less than five years old on the role of
distribution channels in marketing.
Compose a 1,050- 1,200 word article review covering the following:
• Define what a distribution channel is and discuss why it is important
to the marketing process.
• Discuss the differences between direct and indirect distribution
channels.
• Introduce the article and its author(s) and give a brief summary of its
core message(s).

• Analyze the relationship distribution channels have to maintaining a
satisfied target market.
• Compare and contrast similarities and differences in distribution
strategies for online versus brick and mortar businesses. Use
examples from a company you admire or your own work life
examples to illustrate your points.
• Recommend distribution strategy(ies) for the company and what
reasoning led you to conclude this was the best solution.
************************************
MKT 421 Assignment Understanding Marketing
and Customer Relationships (2 Papers)
This Tutorial contains 2 Papers
Understanding marketing as a multi-step process relying on building
successful customer relationships is essential to helping organizations
grow and achieve their goals. This assignment defines marketing, the
customer value proposition, and creating mutually beneficial
relationships between the organization and target, as well as applies
these concepts to the student to create a personal brand.

Assignment Steps
Scenario: You have just graduated from the University with your
Bachelor's Degree. You have decided either to seek a promotion at
your current work, explore new career opportunities, or open your
own business and are using your marketing knowledge to position
yourself for career growth.
Develop a 1,050-word response to the following using the scenario
above:
• Provide a definition of marketing from the American Marketing
Association. Define the customer value proposition. Discuss the
differences between the marketing process and advertising, the goals
of creating a strong customer value proposition, and the unique
relationship that exists between company and customer.
• Use your workplace, a company you would like to work for, or an
entrepreneurial vision and apply the concepts of the customer value
proposition and relationship marketing to their operations. Introduce
who the company or business idea is and what they do. Provide
examples demonstrating how the company uses these concepts
successfully. Are there any ways they can improve in these areas?
How?
• Determine how your own personal brand links to the organization's
customer value proposition. Discuss ways you can integrate a
customer value proposition and use relationship marketing to position
yourself the best. Please share examples to illustrate your thoughts
and reasoning.
Cite a minimum of two peer-reviewed sources
************************************
MKT 421 Entire Course

MKT 421 Week 1 Apply Why We Buy a Product (2 Papers)
MKT 421 Week 4 Apply Marketing Lemonade (Part 1)
MKT 421 Week 5 Apply Marketing Lemonade (Part 2)
MKT 421 Week 1 Practice 4P’s of Marketing
MKT 421 Week 2 Practice Market Research Process
MKT 421 Week 3 Practice BMW Video Case
MKT 421 Week 4 Practice Final Price and Profit Equations
MKT 421 Week 4 Practice Supply Chain Video Case
MKT 421 Week 5 Practice Product Advertising at Kellogg’s
MKT 421 Week 5 Practice Google An Integrated Marketing
Communications Perspective
MKT 421 Assignment Understanding Marketing and Customer
Relationships (2 Papers)
MKT 421 Solving the Problem Five-Step Marketing Research
Approach Presentation (2 PPT)
MKT 421 Mapping the Product Life Cycle (PLC) Presentation
MKT 421 Assignment Distribution channel Article Review (sports
apparel company)

MKT 421 Signature Assignment The Entrepreneurial Marketing
Manager
MKT 421 Components of a Marketing Plan Part 1 Product, Target,
Strategy Planning, Positioning, and Brand
MKT 421 Components of a Marketing Plan Part 2 Price, Promotion,
Environment, and the Concept to Commercialization Process
MKT 421 Final Exam Guide (New, 2018)
MKT 421 Week 1 Marketing and Buying Behaviors
MKT 421 Week 4 Logistics and Distribution
************************************
MKT 421 Final Exam Guide (New)
1. A __________ isa road map for the marketing activities of an
organization for a specified future time period, such as one year or
five years.
marketing dashboard
marketing plan
operation plan

mission statement
2. What is meant by “accelerating the process?”
Increase advertising costs during product launch
Speed up new product time to market
Identify major competitors early
Create a new market space
3. The product life cycle refers to __________.
a concept that describes the stages a new product goes through from
product concept to commercialization
the average life span of a product
a concept that describes the stages a product goes through in the
marketplace—early growth, accelerated development, maturity, and
decline
a concept that describes the stages a product goes through in the
marketplace—introduction, growth, maturity, and decline
4. Jay stops at the shopping mall to purchase a new pair of jeans
from the Diesel store. He is the ultimate consumer in a pipeline from
the producer through intermediaries, including the clothing store. This
pipeline is actually a _______.
marketing channel
marketing tunnel
consumer market
distribution matrix
5. What is the marketing objective for the growth stage of the
product life cycle?
maintain brand loyalty
minimize promotion
increase market share
stress differentiation
6. Marketing refers to:

the production of products or services that will generate the highest
return on investment.
the activity for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging
offerings that benefit its customers, the organization, its stakeholders,
and society at large.
the activity involved in getting a product or service from the
manufacturer to ultimate consumers and organizational buyers.
the process of identifying target market segments for a product or
service.
7. Variables such as location, the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS) code, and type of buy are all
examples of ways to:
promote NAFTA.
segment an organizational market.
forecast sales to a consumer market.
differentiate products.
8. While pricing objectives frequently reflect corporate goals,
pricing constraints often relate to:
stockholder demands.
conditions existing in the marketplace.
an organization’s code of ethics.
the financial realities within the organization itself.
In personal branding, the “price” component of the marketing mix
refers to:
The number of hours you spend job searching
The annual cost of maintaining online profiles (such as LinkedIn)
The expense associated with job-hunting
The salary range and job benefits you hope to receive
9. At Mattel, Barbie is child-tested to be sure the doll cannot be
broken apart and accidentally choke a child. This type of consumer or
safety test occurs during the __________ stage of the new-product
process.
new-product strategy development
market testing
development

screening and evaluation
Customer value refers to:
10. the cluster of benefits that an organization promises customers to
satisfy their needs.
the need of a customer to receive the highest quality product at the
lowest possible price.
a statement that, before product development begins, identifies (1) a
well-defined target market; (2) specific customers’ needs, wants, and
preferences; and (3) what the product will be and do to satisfy
consumers.
the unique combination of benefits received by targeted buyers that
includes quality, convenience, on-time delivery, and both before-sale
and after-sale service at a specific price.
11. Developing a pool of concepts to serve as candidates for new
products is the __________ stage of the new-product process.
idea generation
product development
open innovation
new-product strategy development
12. The goal of a SWOT analysis is to:
identify market research questions in order to develop new products
for new market segments.
determine how raises, bonuses, and dividends will be paid.
identify the critical strategy-related factors that can impact the firm.
reorganize the firm’s marketing department.
13. Marketing research refers to:
the science of using observable human behavior in order to identify
and solve marketing problems.
the process of defining a marketing problem and opportunity,
systematically collecting and analyzing information, and
recommending actions.
the use of information technology to find objective solutions to a
marketing problem.

the process of systematically collecting and analyzing information in
order to define a marketing problem.
There is no single “generic” marketing plan that can apply to all
organizations or all institutions. Rather, the specific format for a
marketing plan for an organization depends on the following: the
industry, the kind and complexity of the organization, and ________.
available resources
the financial investment needed
the competition
the target audience and purpose
14. Which of the following conditions are necessary for marketing to
occur?
a quality product, a fair price, a clever method of promotion, and a
place where a customer can buy the product
two or more people, a product, a reasonable price, and a place to
make an exchange
two or more people, a method of assessing needs, a way to
communicate, and an exchange
two or more parties with unsatisfied needs, a desire and an ability to
satisfy them, a way to communicate, and something to exchange
15. Environmental scanning refers to:
assessing any possible negative impact a firm’s activities might have
on the local ecology.
setting up a regular schedule to assess the performance of different
divisions within a firm.
16. Relationship selling refers to:
the assignment of a single salesperson to a single customer throughout
the entire sales process.
the practice of building ties to customers based on a salesperson’s
attention and commitment to customer needs over time.
when suppliers and sellers combine their expertise and resources to
create customized solutions;

17. A global marketing strategy refers to:
the strategy currently used by most U.S. domestic firms that when
entering a new international market, these firms offer only those
products that require the least amount of product adaptation.
the global strategy of seeking out already established firms in other
nations and selling them the rights to manufacture and distribute the
firm’s products through a host nation’s local businesses.
the strategy of transnational firms that employ the practice of
standardizing marketing activities when there are cultural similarities
and adapting them when cultures differ.
the strategy used by multinational firms that have as many different
product variations, brand names, and advertising programs as
countries in which they do business.
18. Segmentation based on some subjective mental or emotional
attributes, aspirations, or needs of prospective customers is referred to
as:
socioeconomic segmentation.
psychosocial segmentation.
affective segmentation.
psychographic segmentation.
19. Online retail purchases by consumers can be the result of several
very different approaches, which include: (1) paying dues to become a
member of an online discount service; (2) participating in an online
auction; (3) going directly to online malls; and (4) _______.
participating in a buying cooperative
becoming a secret shopper
using a shopping “bot” to search for a product at locations with the
best price
becoming a member of a research group that evaluates new products

20. The term branding refers to __________.
the licensing of a name, phrase, design, symbol, or combination of
these for a period of 17 years, at which time a firm may renew its
intellectual property rights to them
an organization’s use of a name, phrase, design, symbol, or
combination of these to identify its products and distinguish them
from those of competitors
the establishment of a commercial, legal name under which a
company does business
the identification of an organization’s products based upon individual
SKUs
Computer-based networks that trigger actions by sensing changes in
the real or digital world are known as:
global marketing platforms.
convergent systems.
intelligence technologies.
smart systems.
21. In the nonprofit world of the performing arts, box office
technology has essentially remained the same since the 1980s. A
company called Tessitura is trying to change that. Tessitura is able to
track every transaction with its patrons in one database. The
information collected includes ticket purchases, fund-raising,
volunteering, and gift shop purchases that will help symphonies,
operas, and theaters develop customer profiles in order to tailor their
sales messages to specific individuals. In other words, Tessitura will
allow arts groups to engage in:
mainstream marketing
societal marketing
relationship marketing
market aggregation

22. Advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations,
and direct marketing are marketing communications alternatives that
make up a firm’s __________.
marketing mix
promotional mix
communication source
media strategy
23. Neuromarketing is becoming more important in marketing as
experts realize that traditional research methods such as focus groups
and surveys may not be enough to understand what drives consumer
purchase behavior due to:
It is not possible to formulate questions without bias
Consumers cannot verbalize their emotional responses
The data obtained is not quantifiable
The sample size is too small
24. The study of similarities and differences among consumers in two
or more nations or societies is referred to as __________.
transnational finance
market synthesis
cross-cultural analysis
international sociographics
25. Which of the following transactions occurred in the marketspace?
Connie sold Discovery Toys creative puzzles at an in-home
demonstration.
Josh bought his mother a menorah through the Source for Everything
Jewish gift catalog by calling a toll-free telephone number.
Corey bought a double-dipped chocolate ice cream cone from the ice
cream person when his mobile ice cream truck came down the street.
Joan bought a brand new pair of Dansko shoes through Zappos.com.
26. Four trends in the past decade have significantly influenced the
landscape of global marketing. One of them is:
a decrease in most countries’ GDPs and a renewal of nationalism.
the emergence of networked global marketspace.

a more aggressive attitude towards initiating international tariffs and
quota systems.
an increase in most countries’ GDPs coupled with an increased degree
of consumer ethnocentrism.
27. The term branding refers to __________.
the licensing of a name, phrase, design, symbol, or combination of
these for a period of 17 years, at which time a firm may renew its
intellectual property rights to them
an organization’s use of a name, phrase, design, symbol, or
combination of these to identify its products and distinguish them
from those of competitors
the establishment of a commercial, legal name under which a
company does business
the identification of an organization’s products based upon individual
SKUs
30
The initial step in the strategic marketing process is to begin planning
by conducting a _______.
situation (SWOT) analysis
market-product analysis and setting goals
diversification analysis
business portfolio analysis.
************************************
MKT 421 Final Exam Guide (New, 2019)

__________ is best defined as the process of continuously obtaining
information on events happening outside a company to recognize and
interpret possible trends that affect marketing.
Relationship marketing
Digital marketing
Customer relationship management
Environmental scanning
A __________ isoften referred to as a business firm.
government agency
nonprofit organization
publicly owned organization
for-profit organization
The __________ refers to the seven stages a company goes through to
recognize opportunities and convert them into sellable services or
products
service gap analysis
strategic focus and plan
new-product process
psychographic segmentation process
__________ differentiates retail outlets depending on whether
contractual systems independent retailers or corporate chains own the
outlet.
Form of ownership
Retail servicing
Level of service
Merchandise line

Which of the following is true of the price equation?
Extra fees are not part of the price equation.
Sellers subtract the add-on charges from the list price.
The amount paid by customers is always the same as the quoted price.
Customers are more inclined to pay additional fees than a higher list
price.
A society’s __________ represent socially or personally preferable
states of existence or modes of conduct that persist over time.
languages
symbols
values
customs
__________ segmentation is done according to an objective
measurable physical or other classification attribute of potential
consumers.
Psychographic
Demographic
Behavioral
Geographic
A __________ isany word, device (shape, design, color, or sound), or
combination thereof used to differentiate a seller’s services or
products
brand name
trade name
trademark
brand personality
Yes Music is the authorized distributor for products of Trompa
Instruments, a popular manufacturer of trumpets and other brass
instruments. Yes Music purchases products from Trompa and

distributes them to music stores across the country. What kind of
intermediary function does Yes Music perform for Trompa?
Managerial
Facilitating
Transactional
Logistical
The idea of the __________ describes the phases a new product goes
through in the marketplace.
product life cycle
strategic marketing process
new-product process
marketing life cycle
__________ are small downloadable software programs that work on
tablet devices and smartphones.
Algorithms
Apps
Databases
RFIDs
__________ is the combination of benefits such as convenience,
quality, and on-time delivery provided to targeted buyers by firms at a
particular price.
Customer value
Seller Value
Manufacturer value
Business value
The __________ sells a marketing plan to readers by being clear and
direct.
mission statement
executive summary
company description
strategic focus and plan

__________ relate to the effort spent in making sales.
Marketing input data
Marketing outcome data
Observational data
Primary data
What is the difference between a marketing plan and a business plan?
A marketing plan deals with marketing actions, whereas a business
plan addresses the entire organization.
A marketing plan contains a description of an organization, whereas a
business plan does not contain any description.
A marketing plan contains details on operations, research, and
manufacturing, whereas a business plan does not.
A marketing plan addresses the financial projections of an
organization, whereas a business plan does not
Darby’s Burgers Ltd. uses the best quality meats in its burgers.
However, this fact is not being marketed well to its potential
consumers, leading to a decline in sales. There is a growing demand
for quality meat products among the health-conscious that could work
in Darby’s favor. However, Darby’s must compete with fast-food
chains that offer burgers at low prices. Which of the following
statements describes Darby’s weakness according to SWOT analysis?
There is a growing demand for quality meat products among the
health-conscious.
Darby’s must compete with fast-food chains that offer cheap burgers.
Darby’s quality is not well-marketed or advertised to its potential
consumers.
Darby’s uses good quality meats in its burgers.
__________ is the act of using quotas or tariffs to shield one or more
industries within a country’s economy from foreign competition.
Commercialism
Centralism
Provincialism

Protectionism
The __________ ofthe environment include the population and
culture’s demographic characteristics.
technological forces
competitive forces
social forces
economic forces
The trade of offerings of value between a buyer and a seller, resulting
in mutual benefit, is called a(n) __________.
exchange
advertisement
communication
marketing mix
The shares of Agro Textiles Ltd. are valued lower than its
competitors. To increase its value, the company decides to study its
current situation and see how it can improve itself. Which of the
following strategic marketing processes should be used by Agro to
analyze its situation?
Marginal analysis
Break-even analysis
Business portfolio analysis
SWOT analysis
A __________ iswhen manufacturers direct their promotional efforts
toward channel partners to convince them to order and stock products.
multi-marketing strategy
pull strategy
push strategy
skimming strategy
What is the difference between advertising and personal selling?
Advertising is always a paid activity to sell a product, whereas
personal selling involves no direct payment to sellers.
Advertising can control the amount of wasted coverage, whereas
personal selling cannot control the amount of wasted coverage.

Advertising does not have an immediate feedback loop, whereas
personal selling does because of direct interaction with potential
consumers.
Advertising uses customized interaction between sellers and potential
consumers, whereas personal selling sells to a large group of potential
consumers.
__________ is an activity that creates, communicates, and delivers
products and services that benefit an organization, its stakeholders, its
customers, and society as a whole.
Marketing
Advertising
Purchasing
Manufacturing
What is the difference between primary and secondary data?
Primary data are newly collected facts and figures for a project,
whereas secondary data are facts and figures recorded prior to a
current project.
Primary data relate to the results of marketing efforts, whereas
secondary data relate to the effort spent in making sales.
Primary data relate to the effort spent in making sales, whereas
secondary data relate to the results of marketing efforts.
Primary data are facts and figures recorded prior to a current project,
whereas secondary data are newly collected facts and figures for a
project.
What must an organization use to determine its position respective to
the competition during the new-product strategy development stage?
Strategic focus and strategic plan
Promotion and price strategy
Geographic and demographic segmentation
SWOT analysis and environmental scanning
Banana Technologies Inc. operates through brick-and-mortar stores
that allow customers to personally check the brand’s computers and
ask questions about its products. Upon purchase of any of its
computers, the company allows the customers to return to the store
for free consultations up to one year while also providing free

software upgrades. Which marketing strategy is Banana Technologies
Inc. following?
Niche marketing
Digital marketing
Relationship marketing
Guerilla marketing
At the __________ level the top management of a company directs
the overall strategy for the whole company.
strategic business unit
functional
human resources
corporate
Which of the following is true of economic development
considerations?
A company must understand whether a country has a mixed economy
or a more agricultural economy.
A company must weigh the average income of a country’s consumers.
A company must consider a country’s communications, distribution,
and transportation systems.
A company must recognize a country’s currency exchange rates and
price its products accordingly.
Which of the following is a step in the planning stage of the strategic
marketing process?
The implementation phase
The results program
The evaluation phase
The marketing program
__________ segmentation is done according to where potential
consumers live or work
Behavioral

Demographic
Psychographic
Geographic
************************************
MKT 421 Final Exam Guide
1. Blending the firm's promotion efforts to convey a complete
and consistent message is the goal of:
Sales management communications.
Integrated promotional marketing.
Sales promotion communications.
Integrated marketing communications.
2
When an advertiser pays a fixed amount (e.g. 70 cents) each time a
Web surfer clicks on the advertiser's ad and links to the advertiser's
website, this process is called a(n):

pioneering ad.
pay-per-view.
pay-per-click.
copy thrust.
3
Marketers cannot assume that a product that meets consumer needs in
one country will do so in another. This is because:
Many wants are culturally learned.
Family life cycles may be different.
Economic wants do not influence purchases in many regions of the
world.
The purchase situations may be different.
4
Because she frequently buys books at Amazon.com, Sophie Soleil set
up an account and password at the website. Now, when she logs on
and searches for a specific book, a note pops up at the center of her
laptop screen saying: "Hello, Sophie, we have recommendations for
you," and proceeds to list other titles that Sophie might enjoy based

on her previous purchases. Amazon can remember Sophie (and her
previous purchases) because the online retailer uses:
Decoding.
Encoding.
Banners.
Cookies.
3 Marketers cannot assume that a product that meets consumer needs
in one country will do so in another. This is because:
Many wants are culturally learned.
Family life cycles may be different.
Economic wants do not influence purchases in many regions of the
world.
The purchase situations may be different.
4 Because she frequently buys books at Amazon.com, Sophie Soleil
set up an account and password at the website. Now, when she logs
on and searches for a specific book, a note pops up at the center of her
laptop screen saying: "Hello, Sophie, we have recommendations for
you," and proceeds to list other titles that Sophie might enjoy based

on her previous purchases. Amazon can remember Sophie (and her
previous purchases) because the online retailer uses:
Decoding.
Encoding.
Banners.
Cookies.
5 In which quadrant of the SWOT analysis tool does the following
fit? A firm is in a fast-growing industry.
Opportunities
Strengths
Threats
Weaknesses
6 The phrase "big data" refers to:
the top five firms in the marketing research industry.

the massive amount of data being collected and processed by today's
organizations.
marketing research data taken from Internet sources.
the use of marketing research in big marketing decisions.
7 Genetech Corp. has invested heavily to develop a patented new
product. Genetech wants to achieve a rapid return on its investment. It
probably should set a ______________ pricing objective.
Status quo
Target return
Profit maximization
Sales-oriented
8 From the perspective of macro-marketing, e-commerce specialists
CarFax (which provides vehicle history reports) and Cars.com (a
website offering auto comparison shopping) have emerged within the
auto industry because:
The role of the automotive sales person is becoming obsolete.
The market needs competitive rivals to auto dealerships.
Auto manufacturers need to sell direct to consumers.

The information they provide makes the exchange process between
producers and consumers more efficient and effective.
9 According to the concept of social responsibility, a firm has a duty
to:
Conduct business in a way that is good for society as a whole, both
now and for the future.
Communicate regularly with the public.
Place customer satisfaction above all other considerations.
Place profit above all other considerations.
10 The main difference between the "marketing department era" and
the "marketing company era" is:
Whether the whole company is customer-oriented.
More emphasis on selling and advertising in the marketing
department era.
Whether the president of the firm has a background in marketing.
More emphasis on short-run planning in the marketing company era.

11 In the 1990s, DVDs replaced audiocassettes and floppy disks as
the storage media of choice for music and computers. At which stage
of the product life cycle is the DVD today?
Sales decline
Market extinction
Market immaturity
Market introduction
12 The three basic sales tasks are:
Order-taking, missionary selling, and order-getting.
Order-taking, order-managing, and order-getting.
Order-closing, order-opening, and sales-promoting.
Order-taking, supporting, and order-getting.
13 Clearwater Office Supply sells frequently purchased office
supplies to businesses in a metropolitan area. It is a well-established
company with a large share of the market. Its promotion should
probably focus on:

Informing.
Innovators.
Reminding.
Stimulating primary demand.
14 A producer might use a "pulling policy" rather than a "pushing
policy" if:
It is offering a very "high-tech" product to a small product-market.
It has a very limited promotion budget.
Its sales force has been very successful getting wholesalers and
retailers to handle its product.
Intermediaries are reluctant to handle a new product.
15 The main difference between a "marketing strategy" and a
"marketing plan" is that:
A marketing plan includes several marketing strategies.
A marketing strategy omits pricing plans.
A marketing strategy provides more detail.

Time-related details are included in a marketing plan.
16 In the American Marketing Association's Statement of Ethics,
which ethical value stresses a firm's attempts to balance the needs of
its buyers with the interests of sellers?
Honesty
Fairness
Responsibility
Citizenship
17 A useful tool for organizing the competitor analysis is:
The competitive summary.
A competitor matrix.
Rivals chart.
The oligopoly chart.
18 Which of the following is true of direct distribution?

It reduces a producer's need for working capital.
Direct distribution always serves customer needs better and at a lower
cost.
It requires a significant investment in facilities.
Most firms selling consumer products rely on direct distribution.
19 Compared with other approaches to business, the marketing
concept is distinct in that it:
Creates a broad assortment of products.
Focuses on satisfying customers' needs.
Focuses on sales.
Produces new products and services.
20 David Oreck advertises Oreck vacuum cleaners via commercials
that run on national radio programs. He encourages consumers to
"…try my 8-pound Oreck vacuum for free for 30 days," and to return
it if they aren't satisfied. He then provides an easy-to-remember toll-
free telephone number that consumers can use to place orders.
Regarding the AIDA model, the free-trial period and availability of a
toll-free number are devices used mainly to:

Hold interest.
Arouse desire.
Obtain action.
Get attention.
21 The sales analysis of a product revealed that profits were highest
when it was initially introduced into the market with a high selling
price. However, the price was gradually reduced as it started facing
competition as substitutes entered the market. This is an example of
a(n) _____.
Introductory price dealing
Penetration price policy
Temporary price cut policy
Skimming price policy
22 Which of the following is a common cause of new product
failures?
The managers worry too much about the competition.
The product fails to offer the customer a unique benefit.

The company delays putting the product on the market until it
develops a complete marketing plan.
The company tries to follow an organized new-product development
process—rather than using a faster and more spontaneous, "race-to-
market" approach.
23 Behavioral targeting:
Tries to reach target customers who are actually interested in what the
firm has to communicate.
Allows advertisers to pay only when a customer clicks on the ad and
links to the advertiser's website.
Delivers ads to consumers based on previous websites the customer
has visited.
Tries to place ads on websites that are designed to appeal to the firm's
target market.
24 TammiSoloft has itchy eyes and a stuffy nose, and suddenly
becomes aware of many TV ads for allergy products that she never
noticed before. This illustrates:
selective exposure.
reinforced cognition.

selective retention.
selective perception.
25 When a company provides its advertising agency with a statement
about a new product to use in designing an advertising campaign, and
this statement includes a description of the target market, the product
type, the primary benefits of using the product, and how this product
is different from, and better than, competitive products, what type of
statement is this?
Qualifying
Positioning
Determining
Clustering
26 The primary purpose of branding is:
To enhance package design.
To identify a product.
To boost customer satisfaction.
To prevent competitors from stealing product ideas.

27 When new product ideas are chosen based on ratings and
comments from customers, this process is called ______.
Reaction engineering
Idea engineering
Crowdsourcing
Creative resourcing
28 Most firms in the business world set their prices using:
Demand-oriented price setting.
Federal price guidelines.
Cost-oriented price setting.
Supply and demand analysis.
29 More than 600,000 loyal customers signed up in advance to
purchase the iPhone4 in an Apple store the first day it was available
for sale in the U.S. What type of response behavior were these Apple
followers demonstrating?

Routinized response
Dissonance response
Limited problem solving
Low-involvement buying
30 The advantages of working with an intermediary usually increase
when there is:
Excellent communication with customers.
A greater number of customers.
Little distance between customers.
A smaller number of competing products.
************************************
MKT 421 Mapping the Product Life Cycle
(PLC) Presentation

MKT 421 WEEK 3 Mapping the Product Life Cycle (PLC)
Presentation
The Product Life Cycle (PLC) is a vital component of the marketing
plan. Monitoring products and services as they flow through this
process helps marketing managers adjust their marketing strategies to
keep products and services thriving for as long as possible.
Monitoring this cycle helps companies and organizations continue to
maximize the value of their products and services with their target
over time. The purpose of this assignment is to give students the
opportunity to understand how each stage in the PLC creates a need
for adjustment to marketing strategies and allows students to assess
what action(s) need to be taken.
Assignment Steps
Resources: Marketing: Ch. 1: pg. 4-10; Ch. 2: pg.40-46, 54-69; Ch.
11: pg. 292-309 :
Scenario: You currently work as the marketing manager of your
favorite company/organization and manage the success of one of its
products or services. Your responsibility is to monitor the stages of
the Product Life Cycle (PLC) and adjust the marketing strategies as
needed for your product to thrive for as long as possible. At each
stage, you assess changes you need to make to the product, price
strategy, as well as competition and profit.
Create a 10- to 20-slide (not counting cover slide or reference slide)
Microsoft® PowerPoint®presentation with speaker’s notes covering
the following criteria:
• Develop a slide setting the theme and goals of the presentation.
• Define and discuss the PLC concept and its importance to marketing
managers.
• Define and discuss what role pricing strategy has in marketing and
how marketing mangers decide what strategy to use.
• Describewhat company/organization and product/service you are
using.

• Create one slide for each of the four stages of the PLC describing
the stage and analyzes the implications each stage may have on price
strategy, product, competition, and profit for your selected
product/service. Use the product/service you selected to illustrate each
stage as it is discussed with original examples.
• Discuss the reasoning behind why the PLC is important to
marketing managers and share examples of possible implications if it
is not monitored.
Cite a minimum of two peer-reviewed sources with one coming from
the textbook or the University Library. Use in-text citations in the
presentation slides and speaker’s notes to demonstrate
************************************
MKT 421 Signature Assignment The
Entrepreneurial Marketing Manager
The purpose of this assignment is to assess marketing concepts and
situations from an entrepreneurial manager's point of view. Concepts
and relationships are discussed with a special focus on aligning one's
ethics and values with their business actions and understanding the
unique differences in marketing strategy planning for domestic
business versus business abroad.
Assignment Steps

Resources: Marketing: Ch. 7: pg. 177-191; Ch. 16: pg. 438-440;
Week 5 video
Scenario: Imagine you are an entrepreneur launching a business
planning to operate both domestically and abroad. You are currently
developing your marketing plan and strategies.
Develop a 1,050-word analysis addressing the following:
• Describe your organization's mission, vision, and values.
• Explain how these values will be aligned to your own personal
brand identity, ethics, and values when doing business, planning
strategies, and solving problems.
• Discuss at least two concepts from class that are elements of a
marketing plan and are important tools to your entrepreneurial
business' success. Discuss how the concepts help align the
organization's values with your values. Explain the reasoning leading
to these conclusions.
• Select two of the following departments and explain marketing's role
in coordinating their distinct functions:
• Distribution
• Customer Service
• Advertising and Public Relations
• Research and Design
• Sales
• Operations or Manufacturing
• Compare and contrast how culture is likely to impact domestic
marketing strategies versus what the company may encounter when
doing business abroad such as cultural norms, economics, politics,
and legal systems.
• Explain the actions the company can take to ensure that it evolves
with the target at home and the countries it does business in.
• Discuss any emerging marketing trends that may affect your
business.
Cite a minimum of two peer-reviewed sources with one being from
either the text, video material, or the University Library.
Format your assignment consistent with APA guidelines.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
Faculty MaterialsMaterials

• The Entrepreneurial Marketing Manager Grading Guide
• Marketing, Ch. 7: Understanding and Reaching Global Consumers
and Markets
• Marketing, Ch. 16: Retailing and Wholesaling
te
************************************
MKT 421 Solving the Problem Five-Step
Marketing Research Approach Presentation (2
PPT)
This Tutorial contains 2 Presentation
The purpose of this assignment is to place students in the active role
of a marketing manager with a problem threatening the organization's
survival. Students will respond to a specific scenario that requires
them to address the concepts both critically and creatively to solve the
scenario's dilemma.
Scenario: You are the marketing manager for a local nonprofit charity
whose funding is based on membership fees. You've noticed a severe

drop in new memberships and a decline in repeat memberships, which
is threatening your organization's ability to survive and grow. You
have decided to implement the Five-Step Marketing Research Process
to help understand the problem and create solution strategies to
implement.
Create a 10- to 20-slide (not counting the cover slide and reference
slide) Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation with speaker's notes on
the Five-Step Marketing Research Approach detailing how you will
use each step to solve the membership issue the local nonprofit
charity is facing.
Address the following in your role as marketing manager:
• Define the Five-Step Marketing Research Approach and discuss the
importance of research in marketing.
• Describe each step of the Marketing Research Approach (one slide
for each step) in detail including its goal, and create an example
aligned to the scenario above to illustrate how that stage would be
implemented toward the problem's solution.
• Define the two types of research data this process gathers and their
pros and cons. Share examples of each type that would be useful in
solving the scenario.
• Compare and contrast the Five-Step Process with two alternative
methods for conducting marketing research. What are the pros and
cons of each?
• Define what it means to differentiate a service and provide an
example to illustrate how the local nonprofit charity in the scenario
can use the strategy to help increase target market interest.
• Explain how differentiation will help position the organization.
************************************
MKT 421 Week 1 Apply Why We Buy a
Product (2 Papers)

Scenario: You are sitting in your home and you pick up a package of
Oreos™ (or some other product of your choosing). After realizing
that you have purchased this product for years, you wonder, “Why do
I feel so strongly about this product?” You remember your readings
from Marketing class and decide to figure out why you feel strongly
about this product using the 4 P’s of Marketing and Marketing
Strategy concepts.
Develop a 700- to 1,050-word response using the scenario above and
answer the following questions:
 What is it about this product that appeals to me? Who are the
people like me that are buying this product? (e.g. demographics,
consumer characteristics, buyer behavior)
 How do marketers strategically plan to market these products to
me?
 Why does the price of this product seem to be of equal value for
the satisfaction that I receive when consuming/using this
product?
 How does this product get from the manufacturer to the place I
can buy it?
 What promotional activities compel me to buy this product?
 What do the answers to these questions tell you about the
presumed target market and its relation to the controllable 4 P’s
of marketing?
 What social, environmental, and regulatory forces must this
product’s marketers overcome to get this product to the
customer?

************************************
MKT 421 Week 1 Discussion Question 1
Select an organization with which you are familiar. How does your
selected organization use the different components of the marketing
mix? How does the marketing mix affect the development of your
selected organization’s marketing strategy and tactics? How can your
selected organization use quantifiable elements to evaluate, monitor,
and control marketing effectiveness?
************************************

Assume you are the newly hired marketing manager of a company.
As you spend time with other peer marketing managers, you realize
that the company doesn’t place an emphasis on planning within the
marketing organization. Why is planning important in marketing?
What are the essential components of a marketing plan? How would
you convince your supervisor that the marketing department should
produce formal marketing plans?
************************************
MKT 421 Week 1 Elevator Pitch (2 Papers)
Create a 700-word elevator pitch that includes the following:
§ Summarize your background and what makes you unique (your
competitive advantage/differentiation) in a one-paragraph elevator
pitch.
§ Identify three to four companies for whom you want to work (your
target market and how you can fulfill its needs/wants), and how you
think your skill set will benefit them.

************************************
MKT 421 Week 1 Individual Assignment
Favorite Brand Paper (2 Papers)
This tutorial contains 2 different papers
Write a 750- to 1,000-word paper in which you identify your favorite
brand and explain why it is your favorite. In the paper you should do
the following:
Identify a brand about which you are passionate.
Explain a minimum of three reasons why you are passionate about
this brand.
Respond to the following questions:
Is the company successful in building loyal customer relationships
across different groups?
Why or why not?
Identify at least two other competitors in the same industry, and
explain why you prefer your selected brand over the competitors.
Cite a minimum of three sources from popular media (magazines,
newspaper, and online media) that illustrate your points.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
************************************

MKT 421 Week 1 Marketing and Buying
Behaviors
MKT 421 Week 1 Marketing and Buying Behaviors
Marketing is really a study in behaviors: what do we consume and
why. As you start to sink your teeth into some new concepts within
marketing, reflect for a moment about your own buying behaviors.
Can you identify the determining dimension or dimensions of your
own personal characteristics that explain why you boughteach of
the specific brands you did in your most recent purchase of all of
these items. Be sure to tell what brand and why.
WHAT BRAND WHY
a quick-stop
beverage
your personal
shampoo
any item of
clothing
a subscription
service (such as
broadcast, print,
ISP, cellular)
larger, more
expensive item,
such as a bicycle,

TV, camera,
automobile, or
boat
************************************
MKT 421 Week 1 Practice 4P’s of Marketing
Complete the “4P’s of Marketing” click and drag in Connect.
Note: You have unlimited attempts to complete this assignment.
************************************
MKT 421 Week 2 Assignment Elements Of A
Marketing Plan Paper (New, 2 Papers )

Watch the video case study "Geek Squad: A New Business for a New
Environment."
Read the case study discussion on pp. 88-89 of the Marketing text.
Keep this case study in mind as you complete this assignment.
Write a 1,050-word report using your company or one with which you
are familiar (if you prefer, your facilitator can assign one to you).
Answer the following questions for your chosen organization.
• Explain what the specific key environmental forces are that created
an opportunity for your company.
• Identify if there have been changes in the purchasing patterns of
your organization's target market in recent years.
• Conduct an environmental scan for your chosen company to identify
key trends. For each of the five environmental forces (social,
economic, technological, competitive, and regulatory), identify trends
likely to influence your company's marketing efforts and product
offering in the future.
• Explain what differentiation strategy your company should
undertake to encourage their target market to choose them over other
competitors.
• Analyze what lessons you might learn from the Geek Squad case
study.
Include at least three references, at least one of which must come
from the University Library.

nes.
************************************
What is marketing research? How has the Internet affected marketing
research? As a part of your answer, address time, cost, approaches,
and validity. Why is marketing research important to developing
marketing strategy?
************************************

What is competitive intelligence? What is the importance of
competitive intelligence and analysis in modern-day marketing? How
can a company’s marketing organization ensure that it is able to
identify newly emerging competitors in time to plan and execute an
effective marketing strategy in response to these competitors?
************************************
Marketing Mix Presentation (2 PPT)
This Tutorial contains 2 Different PPT
Select a company currently experiencing marketing changes.
Create a 6-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation (including a
title slide) that analyzes that company's marketing mix:
Each of the four P's should be addressed on its own slide.
The final slide should analyze the changes this company is
experiencing and the driving forces behind the changes.
Use the Wall Street Journal database in the University Library to
facilitate your research of the company.

************************************
Personal Branding Plan Paper (2 Papers)
This Tutorial contains 2 Different Papers
Write a 750- to 1000-word paper that does the following:
Summarizes your background and what makes you unique in a 1-
paragraph elevator pitch
Identifies 3 to 4 companies you want to work for, and an explanation
as to why
Identifies the best methods for contacting those companies and
engaging those who might influence the hiring decision
************************************
MKT 421 Week 2 Practice Market Research
Process

Watch the “Market Research Process” video in Connect.
Answer the questions that follow.
************************************
MKT 421 Week 3 Assignment Positioning
Presentation (New, 2 PPT)
This Tutorial contains 2 Presentations
Using the same company you chose for your Week 2 assignment,
choose a product or service the company offers on which to focus.

Identify the important attributes for your chosen product and select
two key variables for your perceptual map.
Prepare a perceptual map for your chosen product/brand and using a
minimum of seven competitors, rank each product/brand on the two
variables based on how they are positioned in the consumers' minds.
Explain why you placed each competitor on its particular spot on the
map, and how you might strengthen your chosen product/brand's
position in the minds of the target market.
Create an 8- to 10-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation with
notes including the following:
• Develop a Summary slide.
• Explain the target market (be specific and address all four
segmentation variables - demographic, geographic, psychographic
and behavioral).
• Identify a Perceptual map.
• Explain the Map placement.
• Identify your references.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment..
************************************
Select a product with which you are familiar. What stage is your
selected product at in the product life cycle? Provide rationale for
your answer. Based on your knowledge of the product life cycle, what

types of changes will occur to your selected product as it continues
through the product life cycle? How will this affect the marketing of
your selected product?
************************************
Select a product or service. Then select three different organizations
that provide your selected product or service and compare the prices
associated with your selected product or service. What is the
difference between the prices among the different organizations?
What is the rationale for this difference?
************************************
Perceptual Map Presentation

This tutorial contains 2 different papers
Review "perceptual mapping" located on the Week 2 ERR page.
Review the example perceptual map in Exhibit 4-14 in Ch. 4 of Basic
Marketing.
Select an industry with many competitors.
Select two key variables that segment the competition.
Complete a perceptual map that includes a minimum of 10
competitors from that same industry. Explain why you placed each
competitor on its particular spot on the map.
Use the MarketLine database and Wall Street Journal in the
University Library to facilitate your research of the company.
Create a 10- to 15-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation with
your map and competitor explanations. Include a summary slide at the
beginning of your presentation.
************************************
MKT 421 Week 3 Practice BMW Video Case

Complete the “BMW” video case in Connect.
Note: You have unlimited attempts available to complete this
assignment
************************************
MKT 421 Week 3 Team Strategy and
Positioning Analysis Part 1 (2 Papers)
Select a new product or service that will be launched by either an
existing organization or one you will create. Obtain your instructor's
approval of your product or service before beginning this project.

Complete the following assignment using the "Strategy and
Positioning Analysis" template.
Develop a 2,100-word analysis explaining the following headings:
• Describe the organization's background, industry, and product or
service.
• Describe, in detail, the product or service.
• Prepare the SWOT analysis of the organization and offering.
• Explain a competitive analysis of the organization and offering.
• Describe your target market in detail, including information on the
geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioral factors used
to choose your market segment.
• Identify the needs that cause your target market to buy.
• Create a written positioning statement that identifies:
o Your organization's product/service
o Your target market
o How your product solves the target market's needs
o What makes your organization different from its competition
Include at least four sources of research that support your analysis; at
least one must be the textbook, one from the University of Phoenix
library, and one piece of secondary research.
************************************
MKT 421 Week 4 Apply Marketing Lemonade
(Part 1)

Scenario: Your team is looking for a way to make some revenue as
either a for-profit or not-for-profit organization. This organization can
market locally, nationally, or internationally. The product that you
have decided to sell is lemonade. To make the endeavor work, you
will have to define a marketable form of the drink and decide on a
target market.
Your marketing team’s mission is to prove the company’s goals will
be met by providing research, strategy development, and the reason
why this form of the product is viable. For this part of the project
report on the following:
 Target market
 Product’s definition to the target market
 Viable pricing strategy
 Brand’s position in the competitive environment
Complete the Marketing Lemonade Worksheet.
Note: Grades are awarded based upon individual contributions to the
Learning Team assignment. Each Learning Team member receives a
grade based upon his/her contributions to the team assignment. Not all
students may receive the same grade for the team assignment.
************************************
MKT 421 Week 4 Assignment Marketing
Research Report (2 Papers)

Use the same company from your Week 2 assignment.
Your company has decided to launch a new line of products.
Create a 1,400-word report and include the following information:
your target market in detail.
ristic of the target
market (demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral)
that will be important for you as you determine the marketing strategy
for this new product.
answer these questions. Be sure to include why you chose these
particular methods.
from idea generation to commercialization, using a multi-step product
development process.
************************************

What is a distribution channel? What is the relationship between
channels of distribution and logistics? How does geographical
location affect your selection of distribution channels?
************************************
What are the similarities and differences between promotional push
strategies and promotional pull strategies? What is an example of a
situation in which an organization would use a push strategy? What is
an example of a situation in which an organization would use a pull
strategy?
************************************

MKT 421 Week 4 Individual Assignment Blue
Ocean Strategy Paper (2 Papers)
This Tutorial contains 2 Different Papers
Write a 750- to 1,000-word paper that describes the importance of
blue ocean strategy and identifies a product or service that would be
considered a blue ocean move. Include the following:
A description of blue ocean strategy and its importance
A product or service that might be considered a blue ocean move and
why
An alternative red ocean move for the same product or service along
with the pros and cons of that strategy
************************************

There are basically five approaches for entering an international
market; usually the choices and risks are very product dependent.
Assume you are a consultant specializing in global logistics and
distribution. There are four clients that are planning to enter an
international market (China) with different products. Using the
following factors for your choices, pick any two clients and complete
their matrix below with your recommendations and briefly describe
the rationale behind your choices.
Entry
Approach
Exporting, Licensing, Management contracting, Joint
Venture, and Direct Investment.
Shipping
Methods
Truck, Rail, Water, Air
Level of Risk High, Medium, Low
Client #1 Product: Candy Bars
Decisions to consider: Your recommendation: Your rationale:
Entry Approach
Shipping Methods
Level of product or
market risk
Level of financial risk
Factors that could affect
distribution service
levels
Client #2 Product: Golf Clubs
Entry Approach
Shipping Methods
Level of product or

market risk
levels
Client #3 Product: Golf Balls
Entry Approach
Shipping Methods
Level of product or
market risk
levels
Client #4 Product: Molding Machines
Decisions to
consider:
Your
recommendation:
Your rationale:
Entry Approach
Shipping Methods
Level of product or
market risk
Level of financial
risk
Factors that could
affect distribution
service levels
************************************

MKT 421 Week 4 Practice Final Price and
Profit Equations
Complete the “Final Price and Profit Equations” case analysis in
Connect.
************************************
MKT 421 Week 4 Practice Supply Chain Video
Case

Complete the “Supply Chain” video case in Connect.
Note: You have unlimited attempts to complete this assignment
************************************
MKT 421 Week 4 Team Strategy and
Positioning Analysis Part 2 (2 Papers)
Use the same product and organization you identified in your Week 3
Strategy and Positioning Analysis.
Develop a 1,750-2000-word analysis that includes:
• Describe how your marketing efforts and marketing mix will change
with each phase in the product life cycle
• Explain how the packaging you will use for your product or service
will add value.
• Analyze the appropriate pricing strategy for your product or service
and the price you will set at launch.
• Evaluate the channels of distribution you will use to sell your
product along with a description of how each channel partner will add
value.

Include at least four sources of research that support your analysis; at
least one must be the textbook, one from the University of Phoenix
library, and one piece of secondary research.
Format your assignment consistent with APA guidelines
************************************
MKT 421 Week 5 Apply Marketing Lemonade
(Part 2)
Scenario: Using the same organization and the lemonade drink from
the Week 4 Learning Team assignment, develop an analysis for the
bank. The bank will be using this information to make their final
decision on how, and if, to fund your company’s new and unique
lemonade. Through your research, you have found that the bank you
will be presenting to is favorable of socially-conscience companies
that support local charitable endeavors.
Develop a minimum 350- to 525-word analysis that include the
following:
 Select four of the following methods and explain how they
should be used by your company to align best with your target
segment and product definition:
o Advertising
o Public relations

o Traditional Digital marketing
o New Digital marketing techniques (describe)
o Direct marketing
o Event marketing
o Outdoor Advertising
 Select two of the following forms of sales promotion to promote
your product and explain the reasoning for each of your choices:
o Coupons
o Deals
o Premiums
o Contests
o Sweepstakes
o Contests
o Samples
o Loyalty Programs
o Point-of-purchase displays
o Rebates
 Discuss ways you can demonstrate to the bank that this
company is a socially-conscience organization and will be
involved with local social endeavors.
 Discuss how your company could expand into the global
market.
 Examine promotional methods that could be used to market
your lemonade globally.
 Examine any ethical or moral issues you may encounter while
developing and utilizing the various forms of sales promotion.
************************************

Florida's Department of Citrus and a coalition of consumer groups
have launched an attack on your company for deceptive marketing
because your company markets its SunShine drink as fruit juice even
though the drink contains less than 5% fruit juice. Marketing
SunShine drink as a fruit juice leads parents to believe that they are
purchasing a healthy juice for their children. What ethical and moral
issues are involved in this situation? Should these issues affect the
marketing of SunShine drink? Explain why or why not.
************************************
You are the marketing manager for a leading coffee chain. Your
company has made the decision to expand internationally, specifically

into China. What are some environmental factors that you will need to
consider in marketing your coffee in China? Which of one of these
factors would have the largest effect on the company’s marketing
strategy? Explain why.
************************************
MKT 421 Week 5 Individual Assignment Map
the Supply Chain Paper
This tutorial contains two sets of Paper
Select an industry.
Write a 750- to 1,000-word paper that identifies each link in the
supply chain and the purpose and value in each.
************************************

MKT 421 Week 5 Practice Google An
Integrated Marketing Communications
Perspective
Complete the “Google: An Integrated Marketing Communications
Perspective” video case in Connect.
************************************
MKT 421 Week 5 Practice Product Advertising
at Kellogg’s

Complete the “Product Advertising at Kellogg’s” case analysis in
Connect.
Note: You have unlimited attempts available to complete knowledge
checks.
************************************
MKT 421 Week 5 Team Promotional Strategy
Paper and Presentation (2 Papers and 2 PPT)
This Tutorial contains 2 Papers and 2 PPT
Prepare a 15- to 20-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation
illustrating your promotional strategy.
Also
Write a 6,000- to 7,000-word paper that integrates your previous
Learning Team assignments into a final Marketing Plan. In addition to
your previous papers, include the following:
Compile the information presented in your previous papers.
Include the following in the presentation:
• Explain your promotional strategy for your product or service.
• Include how you will use at least three of the following elements:

o Advertising
o Public relations
o Digital marketing, including social media
o Sales promotion
o Direct marketing
o Event marketing
o Outdoor
• Develop an initial budget for your plan.
• Prepare a pie chart showing the dollars/percentages budgeted for
each included marketing activity for the first year.
• Provide justification for your choices.
• Explain the evaluation and control methods you will use to measure
the success of your plan.
************************************

MKT 421 Distribution Channels Sports Apparel Article Review

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (19)

Similar to MKT 421 Distribution Channels Sports Apparel Article Review

Similar to MKT 421 Distribution Channels Sports Apparel Article Review (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

MKT 421 Distribution Channels Sports Apparel Article Review