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1. Space Environment
Lecture 21 – Space Debris (Vol. 1)
Environment status (part 2)
Professor Hugh Lewis
SESA3038 Space Environment

2. Overview of lectures 20 to 23
• In this lecture we continue our look at the current state of the
environment, in terms of the orbital population:
– Here, we use data and graphics from NASA, ESA and other sources to
understand the space launch activity in LEO
Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 1)

3. Spatial density in Earth orbit Space Environment – Geospace Climate
Graphic from “Orbital Debris: A Technical Assessment” (1995)
Spatial density of the 1994 US Space Command Satellite Catalog

4. Spatial density in LEO Space Environment – Geospace Climate
From Horstmann et al (2018):
Spatial density distributions for objects ≥ 1 mm, ≥ 1 cm and ≥ 10 cm from the ESA MASTER
model

5. Spatial density in LEO Space Environment – Geospace Climate
From Horstmann et al (2018)

6. Tracked objects in LEO 2000-2020 Space Environment – Geospace Climate
https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/quarterly-news/pdfs/odqnv24i4.pdf

7. Distribution of LEO objects Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 1)
Data from ESA’s Annual Space Environment Report (September 2020)

8. Worldwide space activity Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 1)
Data from Gunter’s Space Page
(https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_chr/lau2020.htm)

9. Growth of space launch activity Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 1)
Data from ESA’s Annual Space Environment Report (September 2020)

10. Growth of space launch activity Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 1)
Data from ESA’s Annual Space Environment Report (September 2020)

11. Destination of recent space launches Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 1)
Data from ESA’s Annual Space Environment Report (September 2020)