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1. Space Environment
Lecture 48 – Space Debris (Vol. 5)
Hypervelocity impacts (Part 1)
Professor Hugh Lewis
SESA3038 Space Environment

2. Overview of lecture 48
• In this lecture we start to look at hypervelocity impacts
• We focus on:
– The impact process
– The computational models used to simulate these impacts
– The accuracy of the computational models
• In the next few lectures we will look at the experimental facilities used to
conduct hypervelocity impacts and see how the results from experiments
have been used to develop an empirical break-up model
Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 5)

3. Hypervelocity impact Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 5)
Hypervelocity impact (HVI)
Hydrocodes
• Calibration
Experimental approaches
• Hypervelocity impact testing
• Light gas gun
• Laser-based HVI testing
• Key historical HVI tests
• SOCIT
• DebriSat and DebrisLV
https://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2009/02/Hypervelocity_impact_sample

4. Impact process Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 5)
(a) Local melting
(b) Nucleation of cracks in spall location
(c) Spallation
(d) Formation of debris cloud
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921509311010033

5. Impact process Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 5)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734743X15000214
E.g. impact onto solar array
http://space-env.esa.int/madweb/

6. Hydrocodes Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 5)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734743X15000214
Finite element models

7. Hydrocodes Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 5)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mLpmTCQO7I

8. Hydrocodes Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 5)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734743X08001413
How do we know the
models are correct?

9. Model calibration Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 5)
http://appliedmechanics.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=2526209

10. Model calibration Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 5)
http://appliedmechanics.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=2526209

11. Recap of lecture 48
• In this lecture started to look at hypervelocity impacts
• We focused on:
– The impact process
– The computational models used to simulate these impacts
– The accuracy of the computational models
• In the next few lectures we will look at the experimental facilities used to
conduct hypervelocity impacts and see how the results from experiments
have been used to develop an empirical break-up model
Space Environment – Space Debris (Vol. 5)