Indian, Chinese, Japanese Art 653 BC-AD 1900

PREPARED BY:
INDIAN,
CHINESE, AND
JAPANESE
(653 b.c.–a.d. 1900)
Baldasano, Heizelle Wynda N.│
Baledio, Arianne Mae M. │Bertis, Mark
Niel R.│Cano, Godwin Dale I. │Catenza,
Hillary Shane M. │Dagami, Jonathan
P.│Daguplo, Michelle T.│Duenas,
Roselee N.
ART PERIOD/MOVEMENT
GE 106: ART APPRECIATION
SS31

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
BY THE END OF THE LEARNING SESSION, LEARNERS WILL BE ABLE TO DO THE FOLLOWING:
explain the Indian, Chinese, and Japanese art period or movement;
identify the different characteristics of Indian, Chinese, and
Japanese artworks;
enumerate the chief artists together with their major works under
the Indian, Chinese, and Japanese art period; and
understand the different historical events in the said period.

INDIAN, CHINESE, AND JAPANESE
• Heavily influenced by the
culture and the way of life of
the people.
(653 b.c.–a.d. 1900)
ART PERIOD/MOVEMENT

INDIAN ARTS
• Reflect particular religious,
political and cultural
developments.

INDIAN ARTS
• Bronze and stones used for
sculptures.

INDIAN ARTS
• Rangoli is used — finely
ground white powder and
colors.

INDIAN ARTS
• India’s greatest pieces of
architecture and art is the Taj
Mahal.

INDIAN ARTS
• Classical Indian different
forms of artwork shared
underlying beliefs and the
relationship of the symbols
and the spiritual states.

CHINESE ARTS
• Influenced by great
philosophers, teachers,
religious figures and political
leaders.

CHINESE ARTS
• Has pottery, jade, ceramics,
ritual vessels, and taotie
motif.

CHINESE ARTS
• Porcelain was found and
introduced.

CHINESE ARTS
• The Terracotta Army was
made in the Qin Dynasty.

CHINESE ARTS
• Paintings in the traditional
style involved the same
technique as calligraphy.

CHINESE ARTS
• Narrative painting became a
large part of the artwork.
There was also a wider colour
range and the composition
was busier.

JAPANESE ARTS
• Used a wide range of art
styles and media.

JAPANESE ARTS
• Its ceramics are some of the
finest in the world.

JAPANESE ARTS
• Japan has been subject to
invasions with new and alien
ideas, followed by long
periods of isolation from the
outside world.

JAPANESE ARTS
• In the 7th and 8th centuries,
the Japanese created
complex artworks. In the 9th
century, they embrace arts.
After the Onin War, Japan
was devastated and the arts
that survived through this
period were primarily secular.

JAPANESE ARTS
• Throughout Japan, painting is
the preferred medium.

JAPANESE ARTS
• Within the Edo period, ukiyo-e
became a prime art form.

JAPANESE ARTS
• Most Japanese sculpture is
associated with religion.

CHARACTERISTICS OF
INDIAN, CHINESE, AND
JAPANESE ART

1. SERENE
• Simple, calm and peaceful.
Japanese Mountain Stream View by HattoriUnsen

2. MEDITATIVE ART
• Artists clear their minds of
everything except the paints,
brushes, and paper.
Bodhidharmameditating in his cave. Unknown.

3. ARTS OF THE FLOATING WORLD
• The floating world is an
expression meaning the
fleeting, ephemeral pleasures
of life.
Ayoung ladylookingatthe moonfromawindow (Ariwara
noNarihira)fromSixFashionable Poets (Furyu rok'kasen)
by Suzuki Harunobu

CHIEF ARTISTS AND
THEIR MAJOR WORKS

1. GU KAIZHI
• Earliest many-faceted artist in
China.
• Founder of traditional Chinese painting.
• Eccentric courtier
• His art is known today.
• Known for portraits and paintings of
human figures, and poetry and
calligraphy.

1. GU KAIZHI
• First to paint a
representation of
Vimalakīrti.
MAJOR WORKS

1. GU KAIZHI
• Nymph of the Luo River
MAJOR WORKS

1. GU KAIZHI
• The Admonitions of the
Court Instructress.
MAJOR WORKS

2. LI CHENG
• Chinese painter of the Song
dynasty.
• From Qingzho.
• Learned painting style from Jing Hao and
Guan Tong at first.
• Good at poetry and articles.

2. LI CHENG
• Not interested in working for the
government.
• Refused the offer of Sun Anzhi.
• Rivals are Fan Kuan, and Guan Tong.
• Had many landscape paintings with
diluted ink.
• Carried on an artistic dialogue.

MAJOR WORKS
2. LI CHENG
ASolitaryTemple AmidClearing Peak, Circa920 Evening Songsofthe Fishermen

MAJOR WORKS
2. LI CHENG
Wintry Forest, Level Distance (detail) Reading Steele Nest Stone

3. GUO XI
• Chinese landscape painter
• “The Lofty Message of Forest and
Streams” (Linquan Gaozhi) is attributed to
him.
• Court professional, a literatus, well-
educated painter.

MAJOR WORKS
3. GUO XI
EarlySpring
AutumnintheRiverValley
SnowMountain

4. KATSUSHIKA HOKUSAI
• Ukiyo-e painter and printmaker of the Edo period.
• Known for the woodblock print series Thirty-Six Views of
Mount Fuji.
• Transformed the ukiyo-e artform from a style of
portraiture focused on courtesans and actors to
landscapes, plants, and animals.
• Hokusai worked in various fields besides woodblock
prints.
• Produced over 30,000 paintings, sketches, woodblock
prints, and images for picture books in total.

MAJOR WORKS
4. KATSUSHIKA HOKUSAI
TheGreatWaveoff
KanagawaPrintbyHokusai
FineWind,Clear Morning
KirifuriWaterfall onMount
KurokamiinShimotsuke
Province

• Last Japanese great master of ukiyo-e.
• Known for his horizontal and vertical-
format landscape series.
• Subjects of his work were atypical of the
ukiyo-e genre.
• His approach was more poetic and
ambient than Hokusai’s bolder, more
formal prints.
5. UTAGAWA HIROSHIGE

MAJOR WORKS
5. UTAGAWA HIROSHIGE
SuddenShowerover Shin-Ōhashi
bridge andAtake
“PlumGardeninKamata”from
OneHundredFamousViewsof
Edo
“AtagoyamaMountainin
Shiba”from OneHundred
FamousViewsof Edo

• April 8 is the commemoration of the birth of
Gautama Buddha.
• According to the Tripitaka, Gautama Buddha was
born as Prince Siddhartha.
• Sakyas was situated on the borders of present-
day Nepal and India.
• His mother is Queen Mahamaya.
• Siddhartha would become a ruler if he were kept
isolated from the outside world.
• BUDDHISTS CELEBRATE BIRTH OF
GAUTAMA BUDDHA

• Siddhartha was brought up in great luxury, and
he married and fathered a son.
• In successive trips, he saw an old man, a sick
man, and a corpse.
• Siddhartha saw a monk, and, impressed with the
man’s peaceful demeanor.
• Siddhartha secretly left the palace and became a
wandering ascetic.
• After fighting off Mara, Siddhartha reached
enlightenment.
• BUDDHISTS CELEBRATE BIRTH OF
GAUTAMA BUDDHA

• Silk Road was a network of trade
routes.
• Established when the Han Dynasty
opened trade with the West.
• Han Emperor Wu sent imperial envoy
Zhang Qian to make contact with
cultures in Central Asia.
• The Royal Road was established by
Darius I.
2. SILK ROAD OPENS

• The east-west trade routes between
Greece and China began to open.
• The ancient Greek word for China is “Seres,”
2. SILK ROAD OPENS
HISTORY

• Buddhism arrived in the 1st
century AD during the Han
dynasty.
3. BUDDHISM SPREAD TO CHINA

• Through the Silk Road – either by land or sea.
• Via the Gansu corridor
STORY OF HOW BUDDHISM SPREAD TO CHINA
 More popularised accounts stated that Emperor Ming of Han (28-75 AD)
introduced Buddhist teachings into China.
 Buddhis first arrived in China via the Silk Road and was based on the
Sarvastivada school.
 Buddhist monks accompanied merchant caravans along the Silk Road.
 Buddhism continued to spread into Central Asia under the Kushan Empire.
 Indian monks from central India found their way into China to spread
Buddhism

• Monasticism and Buddhism’s focus on the self seemed in
conflict with the traditions of Chinese society. In the 2nd
century, Buddhist scriptures began being translated by
Indian missionaries.
EARLY CHINESE BUDDHISM

• Buddhism was introduced in either 538
CE or 552 CE.
• It was adopted by the Soga clan.
• Buddhism received official
government support in 587 CE.
• Buddhism reinforced the idea of a
layered society with different levels of
social status.
4. BUDDHISM IN ANCIENT JAPAN

• Prince Shotoku put Buddhism at the forefront of Japanese
religious practices.
• Shotoku famously drew up the Seventeen Article Constitution.
PRINCE SHOTOKU & THE SPREAD OF BUDDHISM
-centralisation of government
-emphasized Buddhist and Confucian principles, and
harmony (wa).
• Shotoku built 46 Buddhist monasteries and temples.

• Many Buddhist deities and figures from Indian
mythology were incorporated into the Shinto
pantheon.
• Artworks of one religion appeared in the buildings
of the other.
CO-EXISTENCE WITH SHINTO

• Buddhist monasteries were frequently given free land and tax
exemption.
• The monasteries became so powerful.
BUDDHISM & WIDER SOCIETY
-providing schools and facilities for higher studies,
libraries, and food and shelter to the needy.

• Monks also helped in communal projects such as road, bridge,
and irrigation building.
• Buddhism eventually made their way to Japan via monks who
studied abroad.
BUDDHISM & WIDER SOCIETY
-6 first important sects are Kusha, Sanron, Ritsu, Jojitsu,
Kegon, and Hosso.

• The art of the Indian, Chinese and Japanese are all heavily
influenced by the culture and the way of life of the people.
• Serene, meditative art, and Arts of the Floating World are the
characteristics of Indian, Chinese and Japanese work of arts.
• Gu Kaizhi, Li Cheng, Guo Xi, Hokusai, and Hiroshige were
among the greatest artists in the Indian, Chinese and
Japanese art period. And the “Great Wave off Kanagawa” is
probably the most recognizable painting ever made in this
period.
SUMMARY

• The notable historical events in this art period include Birth of
Buddha (563 b.c.); Silk Road opens (1st century b.c.);
Buddhism spreads to China (1st–2nd centuries a.d.) and
Japan (5th century a.d.).
SUMMARY

• Anonymous (2019). Li Cheng. Wikiart. https://www.wikiart.org/en/li-cheng
• Anonymous (2020). Guo Xi. Prabook.
https://prabook.com/web/mobile/#!profile/3741947
• Anonymous (2022). Hiroshige. Wikipedia.
https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tTP1TcwzyhITzdg9JIoLUlMTyxP
VMjILMovzshMT1UoKMrMKykGAOVYDQs&q=utagawa+hiroshige+prints&oq=Uta
gawa+Hiroshige+&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j46i512j0i512l11j46i512.3037j0j9&client=
ms-android-vivo-rvo2&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8
• Editors of Britannica (2016). Gu Kaizhi. Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gu-Kaizhi#ref220866.
• Unknown ( 23 July 2015). History of Art: Indian, Chinese and Japanese. Artist's
Notebook. http://artisticselection.blogspot.com/2015/07/history-of-art-
indian-chinese-and.html?m=1
REFERENCES:

• http://www.wwnorton.com/college/art/gatewaystoart/ch/23/outline.aspx
• https://www.slam.org/asia/intro.html
• http://www.slideshare.net/mobile/JinkyDepio/asian-art-chinese-art-and-indian-art
• www.sideshare.net/mobile/RodriguezArt/asian-art-14705443
• https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-
8#q=chinese+art
• https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=indian+art&espv=2&biw=1536&bih=783&source=lnms&t
bm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAWoVChMI3oed5ODwxgIVybcUCh0e8wtZ#tbm=isch&q=tra
ditional+indian+art&imgrc=_
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_art
• https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=japanese+art&espv=2&biw=944&bih=951&tbm=isch&tb
o=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CCAQsARqFQoTCPeasuXh8MYCFckX2wodORsGqg#tbm=isch
&q=japanese+art+flowers&imgrc=mcJnmACZbcySDM%3A
• https://asia.si.edu/learn/for-educators/teaching-china-with-the-smithsonian/explore-by-
object/nymph-of-the-luo-
river/#:~:text=This%20handscroll%20illustrates%20a%20long,eventually%20part%20with%20one
%20another.
REFERENCES:

SHORT QUIZ
DIRECTION: READ EACH ITEM CAREFULLY AND COMPREHENSIVELY.
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER AND WRITE IT ON A ¼ SHEET OF
PAPER. AFTER 5 MINUTES, SEND THE PICTURE OF YOUR
ANSWERSHEET TO 1905945@LNU.EDU.PH. ANSWER HONESTLY
AND LIGIBLY.

1. Who is the man regarded as the founder of
traditional Chinese painting?
a. Li Cheng
b. Utagawa Hiroshige
c. Gu Kaizhi
d. Guo Xi

2. This artwork was created by Hokusai in 1831in the
late Edo period as the first print in Hokusai’s series
Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji.
a. The Great Wave off Kanagawa Print
b. Early Spring
c. Snow Mountain
d. Autumn in the River Valley

3. Historians of ancient China agree that Buddhism
arrived in the 1st century AD during the _____
Dynasty.
a. Qin
b. Han
c. Tang
d. Song

4. Who is the man credited with really putting
Buddhism at the forefront of Japanese religious
practices?
a. Mahatma Gandhi
b. Emperor Wu
c. Siddhartha
d. Prince Shotoku

5. The art of the _______, __________, _______ are all
heavily influenced by the culture and the way of life
of the people.
a. Chinese, Japanese, and Indian
b. Japanese, Indian, and Korean
c. Korean, Chinese, and Japanese
d. Filipino, Indonesian, and Indian

6. This has been described and recognized as the
“Jewel of Muslim art” in India and one of the
universally admired masterpieces of the World’s
heritage. What is it?
a. Tah Majal
b. Tas Mhalal
c. Great Wall of China
d. Taj Mahal

7. This is one of the characteristics of the Indian,
Chinese, and Japanese art period which means calm
and peaceful.
a. Serenity
b. Sirene
c. Security
d. Serene

8. In Japan, they traditionally write with a ______
rather than a pen in an artwork.
a. Stick
b. Brash
c. Brush
d. Brass

Indian, Chinese, Japanese Art 653 BC-AD 1900

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