2. www.creative-diagnostics.com
B cells biology
There still much remains to be understood
about B cell biology in order to determine the
timing, duration, and context of optimal
therapeutic response to B cell-targeted
approaches.
B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are
primarily generated from hematopoietic stem
cells which play a central role in the immune-
pathogenesis of glomerulonephritides and
transplant rejection.
3. www.creative-diagnostics.com
B cells function
B cells contribute to disease pathogenesis by
providing costimulation and cytokines to T cells. B
cells also play an immunomodulatory role in
regulating the immune response by secreting
cytokines that inhibit disease onset and progression.
B cells can secrete antibodies through multiple
mechanisms and their antibodies are the
central elements of humoral immunity which
against an almost unlimited variety of
pathogens.
The antigen-recognition molecules of B cells are the immunoglobulins
(Ig). These proteins are produced by B cells in a vast range of antigen
specificities, each B cell producing immunoglobulin of a
single specificity.
4. www.creative-diagnostics.com
B cells development
In the earliest B cell lineage, committed precursors
( ) Ig genes exist in a germline configuration.
Early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) is one of the key transcription
factors required for orchestrating B cell lineage
development. During the differentiation of pro-B
cells into cells, a rearrangement in the heavy
chain locus begins in early pro-B cells.
This which typically occurs at both alleles of the heavy-chain
locus, at which point the cell becomes a late pro-B cell. And
then a successful rearrangement means the cell progresses to
become a pre-B cell.
Pro-B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34+
IgM-
Pre-B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34-
IgM-
EBF1
Bone Marrow(BM)
pro-B cells
pre-B
5. www.creative-diagnostics.com
B cells development
Immature B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34-
IgM-
Pro-B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34+
IgM-
Pre-B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34-
IgM-
EBF1
Bone Marrow(BM)
Mature B cell
CD19+
CD10-
CD34-
IgM++
The chance of generating pre-B cell is less
than 55%.
Once these rearrangements are
successfully completed, transcription
begins and a mature mRNA encoding the μ
heavy chain is produced, which
accumulates in the cytoplasm. Next the
pre-B cells become , and
then develop to .
immature B cells
mature B cells
6. www.creative-diagnostics.com
B cells differentiation
Pro-B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34+
IgM-
Pre-B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34-
IgM-
EBF1
Immature B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34-
IgM-
Bone Marrow(BM)
Mature B cell
CD19+
CD10-
CD34-
IgM++
Igα, Igβ
exit the
bone marrow and enter
the blood to complete
their maturation program
in secondary lymphoid
tissues, preferentially in
the .
Transitional cells then finalize
their maturation process and
give rise to .
T2
CD21
T1
CD21
Transitional B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34++
CD24++
Spleen
Naive Mature
B cell
Immature B cells
spleen
naive mature B cells
7. www.creative-diagnostics.com
B cells differentiation
Immature B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34-
IgM-
Pro-B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34+
IgM-
Pre-B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34-
IgM-
EBF1
Bone Marrow(BM)
Mature B cell
CD19+
CD10-
CD34-
IgM++
Igα, Igβ
T1
CD21
T2
CD21
Transitional B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34++
CD24++
Spleen
Naive Mature
B cell
Marginal Zone B cell
CD19+
CD23+-
CD21++
Follicular B Cell
CD19+
CD23+-
CD21-/+
Once the immature B cells leave the bone
marrow for the periphery and undergo the
aforementioned transitional stages, they
develop either into or
into .
marginal zone B cells
follicular B cells
8. www.creative-diagnostics.com
B cells differentiation
Immature B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34-
IgM-
Pro-B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34+
IgM-
Pre-B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34-
IgM-
EBF1
Bone Marrow(BM)
Mature B cell
CD19+
CD10-
CD34-
IgM++
Igα, Igβ
The purpose of the germinal center reaction is to enhance the later part of the primary immune
response. Some differentiate first into and then into .
Transitional B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34++
CD24++
T1
CD21
T2
CD21
Spleen
Naive Mature
B cell
Marginal Zone B cell
Follicular B Cell
Antibodies
Plasmablast Plasma cell
Germinal CenterPre-GC B cell
germinal center cells plasmablasts plasma cells
9. www.creative-diagnostics.com
B cells differentiation
Immature B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34-
IgM-
Pro-B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34+
IgM-
Pre-B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34-
IgM-
EBF1
Bone Marrow(BM)
Mature B cell
CD19+
CD10-
CD34-
IgM++
Igα, Igβ
Other differentiate into . Memory B cells are long-lived descendants of cells
that were once stimulated by antigen and had proliferated in the . These cells divide very slowly if
at all, and they express surface immunoglobulin, but do not secrete antibody at a high rate.
Marginal Zone B cell
Follicular B Cell
Germinal Center
Transitional B cell
CD19+
CD10+
CD34++
CD24++
T1
CD21
T2
CD21
Spleen
Naive Mature
B cell
Antibodies
Plasmablast Plasma cell
Memory B cell
Switched Unswitched
Pre-GC B cell
germinal center cells memory B cells
germinal center
10. www.creative-diagnostics.com
Plasma cells
• The differentiation of a B cell into a plasma cell is
accompanied by many morphological changes that
reflect its commitment to the production of large
amounts of secreted antibody. Plasma cells have
abundant cytoplasm dominated by multiple layers of
rough endoplasmic reticulum.
These plasma cells will migrate to the bone marrow,
where a subset of them will live for a long period of
time. Plasma cells obtain signals from bone
marrow stromal cells that are essential for their survival.
These plasma cells provide a source of long-lasting high-
affinity antibody.
11. www.creative-diagnostics.com
Diseases of B cell differentiation
B cells contribute to disease
pathogenesis in autoimmunity and
alloimmunity by presenting antigens
as well as providing costimulation
and cytokines to T cells.
12. www.creative-diagnostics.com
• Please contact us for more information.
• Email us at info@creative-diagnostics.com
• Website http://www.creative-diagnostics.com/
• For a quotation or if any questions!
We are professional biotech company, specializing
in providing clients comprehensive products related
to B cell differentiation.
A rough estimate of the chance of generating a pre-B cell is thus something less than 55%. Once these rearrangements are successfully completed, transcription begins and a mature mRNA encoding the μ heavy chain is produced, which accumulates in the cytoplasm.
A rough estimate of the chance of generating a pre-B cell is thus something less than 55%. Once these rearrangements are successfully completed, transcription begins and a mature mRNA encoding the μ heavy chain is produced, which accumulates in the cytoplasm.
A rough estimate of the chance of generating a pre-B cell is thus something less than 55%. Once these rearrangements are successfully completed, transcription begins and a mature mRNA encoding the μ heavy chain is produced, which accumulates in the cytoplasm.
A rough estimate of the chance of generating a pre-B cell is thus something less than 55%. Once these rearrangements are successfully completed, transcription begins and a mature mRNA encoding the μ heavy chain is produced, which accumulates in the cytoplasm.
A rough estimate of the chance of generating a pre-B cell is thus something less than 55%. Once these rearrangements are successfully completed, transcription begins and a mature mRNA encoding the μ heavy chain is produced, which accumulates in the cytoplasm.
These plasma cells will migrate to the bone marrow, where a subset of them will live for a long period of time. Plasma cells obtain signals from bone marrow stromal cells that are essential for their survival. These plasma cells provide a source of long-lasting high-affinity antibody.
Vertebrates inevitably die of infection if they are unable to make antibodies. Antibodies defend us against infection by binding to viruses and microbial toxins, thereby inactivating them. The binding of antibodies to invading pathogens also recruits various types of white blood cells and a system of blood proteins collectively called complement. The white blood cells and activated complement components work together to attack the invaders.