Evolutionary Ties Between Molluses, Annelids, and Arthropods In older editions of zoology textbooks one may find discussion of close evolutionary ties between the phyla Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda. You have not studied the arthropods or annelids yet. Both groups have segmentally arranged body parts. Which of the following statements could help sort out the true relationships among members of these phyla? Select all that apply. Check All That Apply Since the Monoplacophora have some segmentally arranged structures, past zoologists concluded that segmentation is synapomorphy that unites all three phyla. This conclusion is valid today. Mollusca and Annelida are lophotrochozoan phyla. Molecular and embryological evidence supports the ties between these two phyla. Arthropoda is an ecdysozoan phylum. It cannot be closely related to the other two. Recent evidence suggests that the segmental arrangement of structures in monoplacophorans is a derived character. It is probably not valid to base phylogenetic conclusions on that character. Embryological and molecular evidence clearly demonstrates that the Mollusca and Annelida are sister taxa. They are both protostome lophotrochozoans. Arthropods are more distantly related to members of the other two phyla. They are deuterostome lophotrochozoans. .