Fablabs towards a sustainable business model ok
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Excerpts from an MBA study on Open Fablabs More information available on demand
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Fablabs towards a sustainable business model ok
- 1. Sophie BEUSCART MBA H2 2015-2016 Open Fablabs: Towards a Sustainable Business Model June 20th, 2017 2
- 2. • Introduction • The Problem • About Makerspaces • Competitive Analysis • Recommendations • Conclusion 3 Agenda S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017
- 3. Introduction S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 4
- 4. The problem • Most of Open Fablabs today cannot survive anymore on grants only: – Increasing competition – Decreasing funds available • Fablabs supported by a public institution are 100% dependent • Need to develop sustainable forms of revenue stream at least to break-even S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 5
- 5. Make About Makerspaces FABLABS ARE PART OF A WIDER ECOSYSTEM DIY.DIWO.MOVEMENT Tinkering Makers Movement Maker Fairs, Make Magazine Makerspaces MIT Fablabs Fablabs Hackerspaces Bio Hackerspaces TechShops Source: Bottollier-Depois François (2012) S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 6
- 6. 1970 HCC- Hombrew Computer Club 1st Computer Hobbyist Club in the Bay of San Francisco 19751960 Counter-Culture Movement: 1956-1972 Americans demand more freedom, drugs legalization, women’s rights, black civil rights … CCC-Chaos Computer Club 1st Hackerspace in the world - Berlin The Crucible 1st makerspace in the Bay of San Francisco (Oakland) USA – 2003 1st MIT Fablab in Boston France – 1st Fablab (MIT) Artilect to be open in Toulouse (2009) Ile de France – 1st Fablab « Faclab » 1965 War of Vietnam: 1955-75 1972 : Micral-N 1st micro-computer in France (F. Gernelle) 1971-72 : Micro- processors 4004 et 8008 Intel 1975- Introduction of APPLE I & IBM 5100 for professionals 1976 – MICROSOFT – ALTAIR Basic 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 1963: JFK is murdered in Dallas 1981 - IBM PC – 1er personal computer Noisebridge (2007), 1st hackerspace in San Francisco 1st Techshop in Menlo Park (CA) Introduction of the Apple I- Phone I 1989 – End of the Berlin Wall 1975- ALTAIR 8800 1st personal micro- computer to be commercialized in kit Beginning of the Arab Spring About Makerspaces HISTORY S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 7 PCC People’s Computer Company Menlo Park, CA
- 7. General Hand tools Micro-electronics Vinyle Cutting Machine Computing Fabrics Woodwork 3D Printer Laser Cutting Electronics CNC Milling Machine Metal Work Open & Free software About Makerspaces: MAIN TOOLS S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 8 Source of pictos: Credits for images (from left to right): LA Hall, Jon Trillana, Hea Poh Lin, Delwar Hossain, Gabriele Fumero, Luis Prado, Hopkins, Victor Bolivar, Dan Jenkins, Thomas Miller, Mani Amini, Dan Hetteix.
- 8. USA: 153 India: 42 Canada: 20 France: 147 UK: 41 Belgium: 19 Germany: 46 NL: 32 China: 18 1,145 registered MIT Fablabs in the world About Makerspaces OVER 1,145 MIT FABLABS IN THE WORLD https://www.fablabs.io/labs - June 2017 S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 9
- 9. Co-working space Library Turing Classroom Church ClassroomWoodshop Bike rack Laser Utility Room KitchenSewing Toilets Break Room Server Room A typical floor plan: Noisebridge « Hacking costs $165 per day. Make a donation to help »S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 10
- 10. Customer Type: 7 main profiles S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 11 Pictos credits (from left to right): Ayub Irawan, Creative Stall, Chameleon Design, Adrien Coquet, Travis Yunis, Nicolas Vicent, Gan Khoon Lay
- 11. S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 12 0 2 4 6 8 10 Consultancyservices Co-w orking Catering Program sto schoolars M aterialsshop Incuba on program s Facilita ngservices On-line services Scoring Factors of Compe on Industry Strategy Canvas FacLab TechShop Usine IO Zbis ICI Montreuil Direct Competition
- 12. S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 13 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 Segmented audience Expert team Park of machines, tools & equipment Programs to accompany entrepeneurs, start ups Community network Other services (co-working, shop, banking facili es…) Confiden ality on projects Commercial Non Profit Hybrid Competitive Analysis DIRECT COMPETITION
- 13. Competitive Analysis SOCIAL NETWORKS PROMOTION S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 14
- 14. • Provide turnkey services • Offer big physical spaces with a nice “feel at home” atmosphere Competitive Analysis INDIRECT COMPETITION S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 15
- 15. S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 16 UCP FacLab UNIVERSITY OF CERGY PONTOISE
- 16. Recommendation STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES 1. Build on the existing to become the Education Specialist in Digital Fabrication 2. Develop consulting services for Enterprises 3. Consolidate with a pre-incubation offer S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 17
- 17. Integrating these networks (as a member or as a Consultant) will enable to directly address the SMEs • APM-the progress of the company through the progress of the manager • Germe, the Network of Managers’ progress. Training organism centered on management evolution • “Réseau Entreprendre” • Direct campaigns towards SMEs • Participate to Forums on innovation, fablabs, freedom companies • Develop network on LinkedIn • Invest in LinkedIn sales navigator • Develop partnerships with public companies for digital education • Develop the promotion for the commercial offer Enterprises’ Networks Develop relationships City • Look for private and European public funding • Professional integration of young people from the 93 department • Education and professional training EU & Companies’ Fondations Small & Medium Companies • Develop partnerships with Incubators in the region and private co-working spaces (ex. HubStart in Roissy) Incubators Universities Media • Develop relationships with the media and bloggers to increase image awareness including in mainstream economic media Regional Development IDF • Build an Opinion Relays’ networks • Attend conferences and eventually become a speaker (ex. CEEVO- Comité d’Expansion Economique du Val d’Oise) Actors Mapping S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 18
- 18. Conclusion LEARNING POINTS 1. A business plan is a must for any enterprise 2. Eggs should be distributed in different nests 3. A unique, specific and targeted offer is the key to success S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 19
- 19. Thank you! S o p h i e B e u s c a r t s b e u s c a r t 9 5 @ g m a i l . c o m S. Beuscart - H2 MBA Cnam - 2017 20
Editor's Notes
- Good afternoon I am honored to be with you today to present you with my final project on Developing sustainable business models for Open Fablabs
- Course on Innovation 2. Reading the book 3. Leveraging the business trip in the USA 4. Back to Paris and enrollement in a 3 week program on digital fabricaiton in the Fablab of the UCP 5. Decision to make my final project on fablabs Brief explanation on the reasons for my choice to study Fablabs During a course in Innovation Anne mentioned the Makers Movement and a book called l’Age du Faire by Michel Lallement. He spent a couple of years in the bay of SF studying makerspaces and particularly, Noisebridge, the oldest hackerspace of the bay. Very interested I read the book, and leveraging on the course in the LA, I decided to take a few days and visit some makerspaces in the Bay of SF. At the same time, I was starting to see the similarities between makerspaces, freedom companies and start-ups and beyond all that the changing economy. They all share common values: innovation, sharing, collaborative, open, the one who makes knows, no hierarchy, learning with a right to fail. Knowing that over 70% of todays’ listed companies will disappear in the next decade, inevitable questions arise around innovation and human resources. I started my investigation in the Bay visiting the Crucible, AMT, Noisebridge and TechShop. When I returned to Paris, I visited others in Paris area and ended up in Gennevilliers where there is a Fablab hosted by the UCP. In December 2016, I enrolled into a 3-Weeks program called Digital Fabrication where I would learn to be become a maker, that is using 2D and 3D open software and start produce with CNC (computer numerical control) machinesI And living in a lab for 3 weeks, you realize that they need to adapt their business models if they want to survive in the longer term. Most of Open Fablabs today cannot survive anymore on grants only: Increasing competition Decreasing funds available Need to develop sustainable forms of revenue stream at least to break-even
- Makerspace is the generic term that include Fablabs, Hackerspaces, TechShops, Bio Hackerspaces. They are part of the DIY/DIWO Movement. A maker space is a collaborative workspace for making, learning, exploring and sharing that uses high tech to no tech tools. These spaces are open to kids, adults, and entrepreneurs and have a variety of maker equipment including 3D printers, laser cutters, cnc (computer numerical control) machines, soldering irons and even sewing machines. FabLab – digital fabrication laboratories – were set up to inspire people and entrepreneurs to turn their ideas into new products and prototypes by giving them access to a range of advanced digital manufacturing technology. A hacker space is a community-operated, workspace where people with common interests, often in computers, machining, technology, science, digital art or electronic art, can meet, socialize and collaborate. Techshop : open access with a membership base, DIY workshop and fabrication studio Bio hackerspace: Biohacking is sort of citizen biology done in small and independent labs. Biohacking involves wide spectrum of practices ranging from designing and installing chip implants in body to any advanced technique that uses science and technology to improve human output and performance. Biohacking involves implanting smart chips to identify and authenticate individuals, tasks and services.
- The history of maker spaces is heavily connected to two main events: The counter culture movement The development of information technology with micro-computers and later on with the evolution and democratization of technology everywhere in the world 60s: Counter-Culture Movement: Vietnam war, social tensions, sexual mores, women's rights, authority, drugs, rise of hippie culture 1970 - PCC, People's Computer Company. The network federates a few enthusiasts of the bay, all won to the countercultural cause. "Most of the time, computers are used against and not for the benefit of the people, to control and not to emancipate. The time has come to change that, we need a people's computer company. PCC became a review quickly (after 2 years of existence) review that lasted until 2009. 1975 – Altair 8800 are the 1st micro-computers sold to individuals as a kit. The first microcomputers for commercial companies were commercialized two years earlier: the Micral of the French company R2E and the MCM / 70 of the Canadian company Micro Computer Machinesnote 1. Bill Gates and Paul Allen write their first Altair Basic software for this microcomputer and create Microsoft. 1975 – Hombrew Computer Club - 1st Computer Hobbyist group in the Silicon Valley (Menlo Park). Steve Wozniak, present at the founding meeting of the club says that it was after this meeting that the idea of the desktop suddenly imposed on him. Bill Gates also attended. 1976: APPLE I commercialized in April 1976. Around 200 units produced for a selling price at 666 USD which corresponds today to 2700 USD or 2000 Euros. 1981 - Chaos Computer Club (CCC) in Berlin Since the mid-1970s, an alternative movement has made Berlin a very active center of innovation in the most varied fields: music, politics, lifestyle. The history of the two Germans, the trauma of Nazism as the long communist parenthesis, amplified the mistrust of forms of authoritarian regulation, a suspicion that characterizes the CCC and its aftermath of many other hacker communities. Members of the CCC have demonstrated and publicized a number of important security information. The CCC frequently criticizes new legislation and products with weak information which endanger citizens' rights or the privacy of users. Notable members of the CCC regularly function as expert witnesses for the German constitutional court, organize lawsuits and campaigns, or otherwise influence the political process The CCC Brings together IT enthusiasts. Hackerspace of international fame and a little anarchist. For example, in 1984 they manipulated the German equivalent of the French Minitel and inserted themselves into the computer system of the Hamburg Savings Bank and damaged the network in order to contradict its managers on the reliability of the system. On the occasion of the Arab Spring, some hackers will put their skills at the service of the revolutions which trying overthrow the totalitarian regimes. 1999 - The Crucible, artistically oriented makerspace and production of industrial goods. Looks like a SME with 28 FTE. In 2012, turnover of 2.3 million USD. Different workshops: stone cutting, ceramics, glass, foundry, bicycle workshop, forge, wood, jewelery … 2001 - Neil Gershenfeld, professor of physics and director of the Center for Bits & Atoms (CBA) at MIT, begins a course entitled "How to make (almost) everything”. 2003 -1st MIT FabLab in the United States (Boston) 2006 - 1st TechShop in Menlo Park (CA) 2007 - Noisebridge, 1st hackerspace in San Francisco 2009 - 1st FabLab in France, in Toulouse (Artilect) & birth of the Fab Foundation, an international network that brings together all Fablabs signatories to the MIT charter. 2011 - 1st Fablab in Ile de France - FacLab Gennevilliers
- Most commonly used tools in a fablab or makerspace. Traditional and CNC tools making a bridge between traditional and new ways of design and production.
- Fabs labs are everywhere with a high concentration on Europe and France, which ranks 2nd in terms of number of Fablabs in the world
- In all makerspaces, as you find some common tools, you also find similar layout with a kitchen, sofas, free coffee, teatching classrooms, a library and in most of the makrspaces I visited in the USA a bike rack and co-working space.
- To tinker = bricoler Children, scholars, Geeks, Women, Enterprises, Teachers, StartUppers, Free Lancers and Entrepreneurs All kind of social profile, social background and education, which makes it a singular place.
- On this chart 3 makerspaces are represented: The commercial ones The non profit or supported by a public institution The hybrid ones. Hybrid and commercial makerspaces are quite similar in the services they offer, they have a segmented audience, usually an expert team, programs to accompany entrepreneurs, a good and extensive park of machines and tools, and can ensure the security of projects. Non profit fablabs are quite weak on the points mentioned before because their social object is more turned on social and education. Nevertheless they are very strong on the community network aspect.
- The Faclab of UCP is rather in a pool position in everything that concerns promotion on social networks. The engagement rate on facebook is 55% which is a very good score, particularly if we compare with the other makerspaces in this chart. None of the makerspace invest in traditional promotion or SEM (search engine marketing). The social networks most invested are Facebook and Twitter including for commercial makerspaces. They of course have other relays to influence on purchasing decisions, the media that reports on events but also other sponsors like the UCP for the FacLab or maker fairs for others and investors in Usine IO (Xavier Niel…). To be noted an active presence of commercial makerspaces on LinkedIn => of USINE IO on LinkedIn with 125 updates and 1,293 followers, Zbis (11 updates, 74 followers), Artilect Lab (1 update, 52 followers), Techshop Leroy Merlin (20 updates, 617 followers), Faclab 126 followers but no updates.
- These places offer turnkey services
- Developed in 2012 by E. Roux and L. Ricard 350 sqm in Gennevilliers, 12 km North of Paris 1st MIT Fablab to be opened in the Paris area 400 members affiliated to the FacLab wiki A core team composed of around 30 very active members +5000 visits in 2016, a 60% increased compared with 2015 Composed of 2 fab-managers (2 FTE) and 1 administrative assistant all employed and paid by the University Structure hosted and financed by the UCP and located on the Gennevilliers Campus > Over 65% of the costs are supported by the UCP, the rest comes from donations and academic diplomas on digital fabrication