2. Restorative Dentistry
īĒ is focused on the general dental needs of the patient
īĒ Restoration of teeth to their original form and shape
īĒ Specific conditions that determine the need for
restorative dentistry include:
īĒ Initial or recurring decay
īĒ Replacement of a failed restoration
īĒ Abrasion or wearing away of tooth structure
īĒ Erosion of tooth structure
3. Esthetic / Cosmetic Dentistry
īĒ Improving the appearance of teeth by repairing
imperfections (includes whitening)
īĒ Specific conditions requiring esthetic dental treatment
īĒ Discoloration (extrinsic or intrinsic staining)
īĒ Anomalies (developmental disturbances)
= Peg lateral
īĒ Abnormal spacing (DIASTEMA)
īĒ Trauma
4. CAVITY PREPARATION
the process of removing diseased tooth structure while leaving
healthy tooth structure for the tooth to maintain a restoration
5.
6. Amalgam
īĒ Amalgam consists of several
different metals, with silver
being the predominant metal
īĒ Metals ī powder form then
mixed with mercury to form
a soft, pliable mixture
īĒ Amalgam is a safe, affordable,
and durable material
īĒ used predominantly to restore
premolars and molars
7. Composition of Dental Amalgam
Amalgam
alloy
powder
(57% to 46%)
Silver
(Strength)
Tin
(workability &
strength)
Copper
(strength and
corrosion resistance)
Zinc
(suppress
oxidation)
Mercury
(43% to 54%)
8. National Bureau of Standards
(Quality Control of Materials)
īĒ Biting Force
īĒ Temperature changes
īĒ Bacteria
īĒ Acidity
10. īĒ Amalgam capsules are
measured by â SPILLS â
īĒ 1 spill = 1 surface filling
īĒ 2 spills = 1 large or 2 surface
fillings
īĒ 3-5 spills = 3 or more
surfaces, very large
restoration or multiple teeth
Amalgam Capsules (Cont)
11. īĒ Triturates capsule to
mix alloy & mercury
together to form
amalgam
TRITURATION:
- Mechanical means of
combining the dental
alloy and mercury
Amalgamator
13. OVER TRITURATION
īĒ Decreases setting time
īĒ causes shrinkage
after the amalgam is
set. The filling will be
too small for the
tooth.
UNDER TRITURATION
īĒ Increases setting time
īĒ weakens the amalgam
īcauses increased
expansion of the
material when set.
15. âĸCauses brittleness
âĸUse rubber dam or cotton rolls
Patient Saliva
âĸAffects setting time & weakens
material
Unclean
instruments
âĸPrep must be dry otherwise it will
weaken the materialBlood in prep
Sources of Contamination
16.
17. âĸ Uses handpiece and burs, high-speed
(round bur initially, straight burs)
âĸ Hand instruments-excavators,
chisels, etc.
âĸ Slow handpiece to remove decay if
close to pulpal chamber .
âĸ Excavator-Used to spoon out decay.
DDS/DMD -
Prepares
prep
Standard Amalgam Procedure:
Diagnosis, x-rays and anesthesia have been accomplished
18. âĸUse cotton rolls or
rubber dam
âĸSaliva ejector for
patient comfort
Isolate
Tooth
Standard Amalgam Procedure
continued
19. âĸUse calcium hydroxide
âĸ Zinc oxide eugenol
âĸCavity varnish (2 coats)
Medicate
Standard Amalgam Procedure
continued
20. âĸAmalgamator, amalgam
well & squeeze cloth
âĸUse carrier
âĸCondenser
Restore
with
amalgam
Standard Amalgam Procedure
continued
26. īĒ A matrix system provides a âtemporary wallâ for the
restoration process in Class II, III and IV preparations
īĒ Universal retainer
īĒ Also referred to as Tofflemire retainer
īĒ A mechanical device that holds the matrix band snugly in
position
īĒ Positioned most commonly from the buccal surface of
the tooth being restored
MATRIX Bands/ Retainers
31. Anterior Matrix Systems
īĒ A clear plastic matrix is used with
anterior composite resin or glass
ionomer materials
īĒ The clear plastic matrix is also referred to
as the celluloid strip or Mylar strip
īĒ Used for a Class III or IV restoration
when the proximal wall of an anterior
tooth is missing
īĒ No retainer is needed to hold the matrix
in place, making this system an easier
application
32. īĒ Assists the band in adapting to the tooth contour
(prevents overhang)
īĒ Provides tooth separation
īĒ Assist the band in containing the amalgam
Purpose of a Wedge
Plastic Wood
34. 1. Always remove the wedge first.
2. Remove tofflemire after loosening from the
band.
3. VERY carefully, remove the band â one side at
a time.
4. Be careful!!! You can damage the fresh
restoration while lifting off the band if you are
not gentle!
Matrix Removal
38. Acrylic Resin
From Hatrick CD, Eakle WS, Bird WF: Dental materials: clinical applications for dental assistants and dental hygienists, ed 2, St Louis, 2011, Saunders.
39. īĒMonomer: Liquid portion of
the acrylic resin
īĒPolymer: Powder portion of
the acrylic resin
īĒPOLYMERIZATION: Chemical
curing / hardening process of
the acrylic resin
Composition
44. Composite Resins
(Review)
ADVANTAGES
âĸ Biting force is equal to amalgam
âĸ Low solubility
âĸ Excellent shading
âĸ Minimal shrinking during and after setting
âĸ Does not overly react to hot or cold temperatures
âĸ Can be repaired-Bonds to itself
45. īĒCures fast with light
īĒCure in layers
īĒUnlimited working time
īĒHighly polishable
ADVANTAGES
Light Cure Composite
46. ī§ Diagnose
(DDS/DMD)
ī§ Prepare
ī§ Isolate
ī§ Medicate
ī§ Etch
STEPS
ī§ Bond
ī§ Restore
ī§ Trim Flash
ī§ Bite Check
ī§ Finish and
Smooth
ī Must use amber shield or glasses to protect
eyes
47. Bands for Composite
īĒ Mylar / Celluloid Strip /
Plastic Matrix
īUsed on anterior
teeth with composite
īClass III / IV
49. 49
UNIT 3 MOD â C REVIEW
1. Silver filling 2. Parts of tofflemire retainer
3. 7 Steps of amalgam
restoration
4. Quality control: National
Bureau of Standards
5. Purpose of Wedge 6. Sources of contamination in
amalgam restoration
7. Use of restorative dentistry
(Specific Condition)
8. Composition of Amalgam
9. Amalgamator - Function 10. Wedge â Use
11. Overhang 12. Blackâs Cavity Classification:
Uses matrix system and type
13. Materials for building walls:
Class II restoration
14. Under trituration
15. Over Trituration 16. Esthetic / Cosmetic Dentistry
17. Amber Shield 18. Elements found in Amalgam
50. 50
UNIT 3 MOD â C REVIEW (INSTRUCTOR KEY)
1. Silver filling
Common name for amalgam
2. Parts of tofflemire retainer
1. Outer Knob : moves the spindle
2. Spindle: used to secure the band ends
3. Inner Knob: increases or decreases the
size of the loop to match the diameter
of the tooth.
4. Diagonal Slot: Slides up and down on
spindle; open slots is facing towards the
gingiva
5. Guide Slot: straight slot, right and left
slot s for right and left quadrant
3. 7 Steps of amalgam
restoration
Prepare, Isolate, Medicate, Restore, Carve,
Check bite, Finish
4. Quality control: National
Bureau of Standards
1. Bacteria 2. Biting force
3. Temperature changes 4. Acidity
5. Purpose of Wedge
Assist the band in adapting to the tooth
contour
Assist the band in containing the amalgam
Provide tooth separation
6. Sources of contamination in
amalgam restoration
Unclean instruments
Patientâs saliva
Blood in the cavity prep
51. 51
UNIT 3 MOD â C REVIEW (INSTRUCTOR KEY)
7. Use of restorative dentistry
(Specific Condition)
Initial or recurring decay
Replacement of a failed restoration
Abrasion or wear of tooth structure
Erosion of tooth structure
8. Composition of Amalgam
alloy and mercury
9. Amalgamator - Function
Blend or mix alloy and mercury in capsule
form
10. Wedge â Use
Anytime a matrix is used
When the preparation involves a missing
tooth wall
To prevent overhang
11. Overhang
excess material escaping between the
tooth and the matrix band
12. Blackâs Cavity Classification:
Uses matrix system and type
Class II: matrix band
Class III & IV: mylar strip
13. Materials for building walls:
Class II restoration
Tofflemire Retainer Matrix Band
Wooden Wedge
14. Under trituration
increases the setting time of the amalgam,
weakens the alloy and causes expansion
of the amalgam when set
52. 52
UNIT 3 MOD â C REVIEW (INSTRUCTOR KEY)
15. Over Trituration
Decreases setting time
causes shrinkage
16. Esthetic / Cosmetic Dentistry
Improving the appearance of teeth by
repairing imperfections which includes
discoloration and anomalies like peg
laterals
17. Amber Shield
Eye protection material when using the
curing light for composite restoration
18. Elements found in Amalgam
Tin, Silver, Copper, Zinc
Editor's Notes
General dentistry is also called operative dentistry.
What type of materials would be used for restorative dentistry? (Both direct and indirect restoration materials should be used.)
What types of materials are used for esthetic dentistry? (Direct and indirect restoration materials, along with whitening materials)
What are the steps of initial preparation? (Outline form, resistance form, retention form, and convenience form)
This photo displays the mercury liquid and alloy powder, separated on the left, and at various stages of mixing to produce a final amalgam for placement.
It is important to ensure that trituration is complete before amalgam is placed in a carrier for placement in the preparation. Different manufacturers call for different trituration times, depending on the components of their products.
Other variables to keep in mind: Triturating machines sometimes malfunction, and stocked amalgam capsules may reach their expiration dates before being used.
Amalgam set up pge 806 3dr edition
steps are a dign off on lab:
Top diagram: Universal band.
Middle diagram: Extension band.
Bands must be contoured to make proper contact with the adjacent teeth.
What instrument is used to contour bands? (A burnisher)
Metal bands are not used because the resin/composite material can be scratched or marked by the stainless steel.
No retainers are used.
Pg 831
This figure shows only one example of what can be used as a provisional coverage material.
At the bottom left are a liquid (dark bottle) and a powder (white bottle). The dropper is used to measure liquid into a dappen dish, to which the powder is gradually added to achieve the desired consistency.
This photo displays a few of the dispensing methods for these materials, including an auto-mixing tip attached to a cartridge with two separate barrels, which is attached to a dispensing gun.