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12/2/21, 10:37 PMCivilization And Traditional Jihad-2.docx
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CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 1
Civilization And Traditional Jihad
Shanee’ Ellington
Helms School of Government, Liberty University
Author Note
Shanee’ Ellington
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose. Correspondence concerning this article
should be addressed to Shanee’ Ellington. Email: [email protected]
5
8
12/2/21, 10:37 PMCivilization And Traditional Jihad-2.docx
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CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 2
Abstract
The following research paper offers a review of the recent literature as well as evidence
associated with the concept on violent jihad as well as the cultural jihad. It is important to note that
the research paper effectively argues that the identified West would gain from a lens that is
associated with combining the two kinds of threats instead of viewing them as different issues.
The authors effectively attempt to enhance comprehensive understanding among the individuals
associated with the manner i ...
The document discusses terrorism and some religious responses. It provides context on the history and toll of terrorism, noting that religious communities have sometimes used terrorism with flimsy religious justification. After events like 9/11, people commonly respond religiously through prayer, memorials, and discourse. The document examines teachings in Islam, Christianity, and Judaism regarding adversaries, noting a diversity of interpretations but priorities of peace in most traditions.
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By conducting a set of quantitative surveys, this study aimed to detecting the correlation between Jordanian
University students’ perceptions of terrorism and a variety of demographic variables. The results revealed that
the majority of students viewed terrorism as the most heinous crime, and is never justified, and that terrorists
are hard-core criminals, separatist groups that want to weaken the unity of the country. Therefore, they should
be treated as traitors and punished as they pose a threat to national interest, and the safety and security of
citizens. While a few of student indicated that there are some terrorist activities’ as a repercussion of repressed
needs and the demands of society, it should however be managed and the violations committed by states
against their nationals be confronted with the aim of eliminating injustices to vulnerable citizens. Most
students believe that poverty and material deprivation are of the most prominent causes of terrorism. They
also stress the necessity of providing food security and optimal life for citizens to limit the spread of the
phenomenon of terrorism and achieve societal solidarity to save human lives and stability of communities.
Furthermore, the results confirmed that there are no academic specializations, age, sex, academic level, and
monthly income statistically significant differences in perceptions of the terrorism among university students.
Religion plays an important but often neglected role in international affairs and solutions. While it was once viewed as irrelevant by state leaders, religiously motivated groups like Al Qaeda have changed perceptions. However, analyzing conflicts only through a religious lens can oversimplify issues and ignore political and historical contexts. To be part of solutions, religious actors and contexts must be understood and included in discussions, as several global interfaith peace movements have shown. Local religious communities in particular can promote civility and development, though they are often overlooked by policymakers who focus only on high-level documents and statements. Religious influences must be properly understood and actors included to overcome simplistic views and harness religion's positive potential.
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1) Ideology alone does not typically lead to radicalization. Social bonds and socialization within radical social groups are important factors that can influence individuals to adopt more extreme beliefs over time.
2) Once individuals fully adopt radical beliefs, the ideology can take on a more literal and rigid role in guiding their actions, particularly for activists and terrorists. Religious ideologies tend to be more persuasive and provide greater justification for violence.
3) Within social groups that promote radical ideologies, social bonds and the desire to fit in can encourage individuals to adopt more extreme views in order to maintain treasured relationships even if they are initially less extreme. Exposure and conversion to radical beliefs typically happens gradually through social interaction rather than from ideology
The document discusses terrorism and some religious responses. It provides context on the history and toll of terrorism, noting that religious communities have sometimes used terrorism with flimsy religious justification. After events like 9/11, people commonly respond religiously through prayer, memorials, and discourse. The document examines teachings in Islam, Christianity, and Judaism regarding adversaries, noting a diversity of interpretations but priorities of peace in most traditions.
The document discusses theories of transnationalism and how views of migration have changed over time. It addresses how nation-states were previously seen as bounded entities but globalization disrupted this. Early migration studies focused on rural-urban movements but failed to consider international migration. World War I led to ideas of ethnic identity being tied to the nation-state. Recent scholarship rejects the notion that individuals belong solely to one nation and recognizes that migrants maintain ties across borders. The concept of "transmigrants" emerged to capture how immigrants live transnationally through social networks that cross borders. While most research focuses on Latin American and Caribbean migrants, transnationalism exists among other groups as well, as shown through a study of Singaporeans in London.
Culture and Popular Culture: a case for sociologyFernando Ordoñez
This document summarizes the relationship between cultural sociology and the study of popular culture. It discusses how popular culture has been defined and approached by sociologists, focusing on two main traditions: the production of culture perspective, which examines cultural industries and institutions, and interpretivist approaches that consider meaning, consumption and representation. While cultural sociology offers important tools for understanding popular culture, much current work is now done outside of sociology by interdisciplinary fields like cultural studies that have a bias toward viewing popular culture through the lens of mass media. However, the author argues cultural sociology is still relevant to topics like new communication technologies and popular culture's influence in other areas of social life.
Malory Nye Race and Religion: Postcolonial Formations of Power and Whiteness ...Malory Nye
This is a paper published in 2019 in the journal Method and Theory in the Study of Religion. I have two ambitions in this paper. The first is to explore a framework for talking about the intersections between the categories of race and religion, particularly with reference to critical race and critical religion approaches. The second is to discuss how discourses on religion are a particular type of racial formation, or racialization. The premise for this discussion is the historic, colonial-era development of the contemporary categories of race and religion, and related formations such as whiteness. Both religion and race share a common colonial genealogy, and both critical studies of race and religion also stress the politically discursive ways in which the terms create social realities of inequality. Although the intersections between these terms are often discussed as the ‘racialization of religion’, in this paper I follow Meer (2013) and others by concluding that the category of religion is in itself a form of racialization.
The relationship between university students’ perceptions ofRula alsawalqa
By conducting a set of quantitative surveys, this study aimed to detecting the correlation between Jordanian
University students’ perceptions of terrorism and a variety of demographic variables. The results revealed that
the majority of students viewed terrorism as the most heinous crime, and is never justified, and that terrorists
are hard-core criminals, separatist groups that want to weaken the unity of the country. Therefore, they should
be treated as traitors and punished as they pose a threat to national interest, and the safety and security of
citizens. While a few of student indicated that there are some terrorist activities’ as a repercussion of repressed
needs and the demands of society, it should however be managed and the violations committed by states
against their nationals be confronted with the aim of eliminating injustices to vulnerable citizens. Most
students believe that poverty and material deprivation are of the most prominent causes of terrorism. They
also stress the necessity of providing food security and optimal life for citizens to limit the spread of the
phenomenon of terrorism and achieve societal solidarity to save human lives and stability of communities.
Furthermore, the results confirmed that there are no academic specializations, age, sex, academic level, and
monthly income statistically significant differences in perceptions of the terrorism among university students.
Religion plays an important but often neglected role in international affairs and solutions. While it was once viewed as irrelevant by state leaders, religiously motivated groups like Al Qaeda have changed perceptions. However, analyzing conflicts only through a religious lens can oversimplify issues and ignore political and historical contexts. To be part of solutions, religious actors and contexts must be understood and included in discussions, as several global interfaith peace movements have shown. Local religious communities in particular can promote civility and development, though they are often overlooked by policymakers who focus only on high-level documents and statements. Religious influences must be properly understood and actors included to overcome simplistic views and harness religion's positive potential.
This article analyzes how the 1947 Partition of India led to the development of a pathological political system in India and Pakistan characterized by communal animosity and hostility. The Partition involved massive violence, population transfers, and trauma that have endured over decades and worsened relations between the countries. The author argues that the Partition epitomizes negative identity politics when fear, mistrust, and insecurity reign. It set in motion processes that legitimized pathological, ethnicized political behavior focused on rejection, exclusion, and the use of force. This paradigm has informed politics in both countries and contributed to their current potential for nuclear conflict, making South Asia the most dangerous nuclear flashpoint.
1) Ideology alone does not typically lead to radicalization. Social bonds and socialization within radical social groups are important factors that can influence individuals to adopt more extreme beliefs over time.
2) Once individuals fully adopt radical beliefs, the ideology can take on a more literal and rigid role in guiding their actions, particularly for activists and terrorists. Religious ideologies tend to be more persuasive and provide greater justification for violence.
3) Within social groups that promote radical ideologies, social bonds and the desire to fit in can encourage individuals to adopt more extreme views in order to maintain treasured relationships even if they are initially less extreme. Exposure and conversion to radical beliefs typically happens gradually through social interaction rather than from ideology
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The impact of globalization on education policy of developing countries oman ...Ali Yah
Globalization has significantly impacted education policy in developing countries. The paper analyzes how globalization has reshaped education policymaking through the case study of Oman. Globalization compresses time and space through increased connectivity, affecting national systems like education. It has strengthened the influence of international organizations on policy and constrained nation-state policy options. While globalization presents opportunities and challenges, it has led to deep changes in how education policies are developed, implemented and evaluated in Oman and other developing countries.
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Globalization, Culture, and Identities in CrisisAuthor(s) R.docxbudbarber38650
Globalization, Culture, and Identities in Crisis
Author(s): Robert J. Lieber and Ruth E. Weisberg
Reviewed work(s):
Source: International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Winter, 2002),
pp. 273-296
Published by: Springer
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20020163 .
Accessed: 23/09/2012 14:40
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International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, Vol. 16, No. 2, Winter 2002 (? 2002)
Globalization, Culture, and Identities in Crisis
Robert J. Lieber* * and Ruth E. Weisbergf
Culture in its various forms now serves as a primary carrier of globalization
and modern values, and constitutes an important arena of contestation for
national, religious, and ethnic identity. Although reactions in Europe, Japan,
and other societies where modern values prevail, tend to be symbolic, in areas
of the developing world, especially in Muslim countries where traditional
values and radically different notions of identity and society predominate,
reactions tend to be very intense and redirected at external targets through
forms of transference and scapegoating. Ultimately, this is not so much a
clash between civilizations as a clash within civilizations.
KEY WORDS: culture; globalization; identity; transference; backlash.
GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURE
Globalization and its discontents has taken on huge significance in the
aftermath of September 11th. Driven by the end of the Cold War, a dramatic
surge in international trade, investment and finance, and the onset of the
information revolution, the subject had attracted growing attention for more
than a decade. However, the traumatic events of 9/11, the nihilistic rage
evident in the destruction of the World Trade Center, and the issues that
have arisen in its aftermath provide an enormous new impetus.
Until very recently, analyses of globalization have emphasized eco
nomics and politics rather than culture. Definitions of globalization abound,
*
Professor of Government & Foreign Service, Department of Government, Georgetown Uni
versity, Washington, DC.
^Dean, School of Fine Arts, University of Southern California, Watt .
[Ambassador Hassan] Speech: Presentation by Ambassador S. Azmat Hassan (Ret.)...GlobalPeaceFoundation
Date: Dec. 6th 2013
Session: Interfaith Partnerships: Faith and Diversity: Toward a Global Ethic for Inclusive and Moderate Societies
Speaker: Ambassador S. Azmat Hassan; Former Pakistani Ambassador to Malaysia, Syria and Morrocco, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
13022 1 BIOL 315 Salmonella and Typhoid fever CicelyBourqueju
1/30/22
1
BIOL 315: Salmonella and
Typhoid fever
Dr. Sean Murray
Western Blot
Typhoid Fever
Typhoid Fever
• Salmonella Typhi: only infects humans
• CDC estimates 21 million cases per year world wide
with 200,000 deaths
• 400 cases per year in USA (most traveled to developing
countries)
Gastroenteritis
• Salmonella Typhimurium: broad host range
• CDC estimates 6.5 million cases a year in USA
with ~9,000 deaths from gastroenteritis
• 1/3 of all gastroenteritis infections caused by
Salmonella
• CDC: 15 Salmonella infections per 100,000
people in USA
Typhoid Fever
• Salmonella Typhi
• Fecally contaminated food/water
• 1-4 weeks post-ingestion for symptoms
• Multiply in spleen, liver
• High fever, chills, convulsions, delirium, and
anorexia for 2-3 weeks
• Pass from liver to gall bladder to intestine,
where it may ulcerate the intestinal mucosa
(fatal)
• Treatment: antibiotics
1/30/22
2
Typhoid Mary, early 1900s
• Salmonella can persist in the gall
bladder, and may be shed in feces
• Chef Typhoid Mary was a carrier
• She infected many people as she
worked at hotels, restaurants, hospitals
• Arrested twice, spent the rest of her life
in prison after the second arrest
Gastroenteritis
• Salmonella Typhimurium
• Contaminated poultry/eggs
– Caesar salad, raw eggs
• Nausea, vomiting 6-24 hours post ingestion
• Followed by abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever
• Symptoms last 1 week
• Shed Salmonella in feces for up to 3 months
• 1-3% of people shed for 1 year
• If enters bloodstream, septic shock (rare)
• Antibiotics not normally prescribed
Species infected by Salmonella
• Humans (Typhi)
• Humans, mice, cows, most mammals,
C. elegans (Typhimurium)
Salmonella Invasion of intestinal epithelium
1/30/22
3
TIIISS injects proteins into mammalian
cells that are NOT normally phagocytic to
induce phagocytosis of bacterium
Galan and Wolf-Watz, Nature, 2006
Type III-secretion system (TIIISS)
Galan and Wolf-Watz, Nature, 2006
Secretion protein complex is sequentially assembled
starting with the inner membrane, outer membrane,
periplasm, and finally the extracellular domains
Galan and Wolf-Watz, Nature, 2006
Invasion of intestinal epithelium
1/30/22
4
Holden, Traffic, 2002
Invading
macrophages
Paul (Ed.), Fundamental Immunology, 2003
Holden, Traffic, 2002
Salmonella
Containing
Vacuoles
Holden, Traffic, 2002
Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands SPI-1 and SPI-2
encode two different TIIISS that were horizontally
acquired (different GC content than chromosome);
pSLT is self-transmissible
pSLT
Spi-1
Spi-2
Salmonella
chromosome
Genome = chromosome plus plasmid
How does Salmonella adapt to
being inside or outside host cells?
In bacterial
membrane:
In bacterial
cytoplasm:
PhoQ
PhoP
(sensor)
(transcription factor)
1/30/22
5
PhoQ is activated by molecular signals inside ...
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3. The rise of groups like ISIS exemplify the contradictions, as they promote a global caliphate through social media recruitment, but also turn to religious violence and extremism that disrupts global integration and cooperation. The
War On Terrorism Essay. St. Mary's University (Texas)Amy Cruz
The document discusses the challenges of writing an essay on the war on terrorism. It notes that such an essay requires a comprehensive understanding of historical events, geopolitical complexities, and the multifaceted nature of terrorism. It also requires delving into the historical context of terrorist activities and extremist groups. Additionally, the essay must address the ideological, religious, and socio-economic factors contributing to terrorism. The global perspective introduces issues around different countries' responses and the impact on international relations. Furthermore, discussing counter-terrorism efforts requires evaluating consequences for human rights and democratic values. In conclusion, an essay on this topic necessitates navigating complex historical, geopolitical, and ethical considerations and demonstrating in-depth research and critical
1. The document discusses the threat posed by ISIS to global human security and international law. It argues that both minimalist and maximalist approaches to human security are needed to adequately address the human rights abuses committed by ISIS, including acts of extreme torture, rape, and sexual slavery.
2. A key point made is that the international community must not only acknowledge the evil and inhumane acts of ISIS, but must also employ legal channels and instruments to criminalize the atrocities and hold perpetrators accountable. Collective security requires recognition of abuses as well as justice through appropriate punishment.
3. The paper aims to examine ISIS's religious ideology and connection to sexual violence, discuss theories of
Science and Technology as promoter of Communal Harmony in Society.pdfssuser5f3797
This document discusses how science and technology can promote communal harmony in society. It argues that technological advancements like the internet and social media can both help and hinder communal harmony by spreading information but also misinformation. While technologies have connected people across religious and social divides, they have also been used to spread rumors that inflame tensions. Overall, the document asserts that science and technology provide tools to address the root causes of discord like poverty and inequality, but communal harmony ultimately depends on societies upholding ethical values of inclusion, equality and compassion.
A Reassessment of Sectarianism and Sectional Divide in the Middle East: A Cas...inventionjournals
This document analyzes the political impasse between Saudi Arabia and Iran, arguing that it is primarily a political conflict rather than a sectarian one as is commonly portrayed. It examines factors fueling sectarian tensions like competing myths and symbols between Shiite and Sunni communities. While foreign influence and economic issues play a role, the document asserts that clashes over cultural ownership and political control of nations are bigger drivers of the Saudi-Iran rivalry. It notes both countries' proxy battles in places like Syria and discusses how Russia's relations with the region have been shaped by distrust of Saudi Arabia due to its ties with Western nations and sponsored militant groups in Russia.
The document analyzes different frames used in media and political discourse around ISIS and its relationship to Islam. It discusses frames that completely dissociate ISIS from Islam, as well as those that acknowledge ties between ISIS's ideology and certain interpretations of Islamic scripture and history. The implications of these frames include reduced civil participation in debates, an incomplete understanding of ISIS, perceptions of the West as threatening, and increased Islamophobia. The document argues that no single frame tells the full story and that a balanced approach is needed.
11.challenges of global terrorism strategies, dimensions and response in sea...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the challenges of global terrorism, including its strategies, dimensions, and responses. It provides background on how globalization has contributed to terrorism becoming a global phenomenon. Key points made include:
- Terrorism has become more widespread, lethal, and indiscriminate, using tactics like suicide bombings.
- The number of terrorist groups and their capabilities have increased significantly since the 1990s.
- Major global terrorist groups today include al-Qaeda, Jemaah Islamiyah, and others based in various regions.
- Terrorists seek to polarize situations and sabotage peace negotiations through dramatic or lethal attacks.
- The threat of terrorists acquiring weapons of mass destruction like nuclear, chemical
Challenges of global terrorism strategies, dimensions and response in search...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the challenges of global terrorism, including its strategies, dimensions, and responses. It provides background on how globalization has contributed to terrorism becoming a global phenomenon. Key points made include:
- Terrorism has become more widespread, lethal, and indiscriminate, using tactics like suicide bombings.
- The number of terrorist groups and their capabilities have increased significantly since the 1990s.
- Major global terrorist groups today include al-Qaeda, Jemaah Islamiyah, and others based in various regions.
- Terrorists seek to polarize situations and sabotage peace negotiations through dramatic or lethal attacks.
- The threat of terrorists acquiring weapons of mass destruction like nuclear, chemical
IMAGINING CULTURAL CHINA - An Analysis of Chinese National Identity Formation...Pieter van Sloten
This document is a thesis submitted by Pieter van Sloten to Leiden University's China Studies program. The thesis analyzes how Chinese national identity is formed in the era of social media, particularly the popular microblogging platform Sina Weibo. It focuses on three main arguments: 1) how microblogs have decentralized information and allowed netizens to subvert official state narratives, 2) how microblogging stimulates personal and abstract imagined communities, and 3) how this leads to an imagined community of "cultural China" that diverges from the state's goals of "cultural reform" and "national cultural security". The thesis uses literature reviews, analysis of 100 ego networks on Sina Weibo, and profiles of
The document summarizes the history of refugee and immigration policy in the United States and Canada from the late 19th century through the recent Paris attacks, arguing that policy has long been framed around excluding minority groups in the name of security. Early policies implemented race-based quotas and bans on Asian and some European immigrants. During the Cold War, policies targeted communists. Following 9/11, policies became more exclusionary. The Paris attacks have further shifted policies towards greater securitization, despite long-standing trends of disproportionate impacts on minorities in the name of national security.
CIVIC EDUCATION AND IT’S IMPERATIVE TOWARDS NATION BUILDING: THE NIGERIAN EXA...John1Lorcan
Most countries of the world today originated as a result of the activities of colonialists and imperialists
who merged previously independent nations together for the sole reason of domination and exploitation.
Following the end of colonial era and the resulting freedom of previously colonized people, many countries
have been struggling to live together as the nation which their erstwhile colonial masters made them. This
has often resulted to conflicts and crises, the worst of it being the Rwandan genocide of 1994. Due to these
incidences, social researchers have intensified efforts in designing programs that will facilitate the very act
of nation-building/or prevent a devastating effect that may result from a failure thereof. This paper,
therefore, attempts to suggest Civic Education as one of the models that can help facilitate nation-building
project especially in countries affected by the effects of colonization. The work employed the normative
method of philosophy, while also not leaving behind the evaluative and analytical side of the method.
Malory Nye The challenges of multiculturalism 2007Malory Nye
This document discusses the challenges of multiculturalism. It begins by defining multiculturalism as referring to the complex issues surrounding cultural and religious diversity in society, and how that diversity is socially managed. It discusses multiculturalism from three perspectives: as an ideology, as a social issue, and as an academic field of study. Regarding approaches to multiculturalism, it argues recognition of differences is important but not enough - societies must also gain knowledge of differences through observation, develop tolerance of differences, and promote engagement across differences through mutual respect and finding common ground.
A Study Of Terrorism And The Terrorist
Internal Terrorism in India
Hindutva Essay
Worldview On Terrorism : Terrorism
Essay on The War on Terror
Cross Border Terrorism And Kashmir
Essay on Terrorism
Terrorism in India
Counter Terrorism Laws And Human Rights
Essay on Terrorism in the Media
Ethno-Nationalist Terrorism
The impact of globalization on education policy of developing countries oman ...Ali Yah
Globalization has significantly impacted education policy in developing countries. The paper analyzes how globalization has reshaped education policymaking through the case study of Oman. Globalization compresses time and space through increased connectivity, affecting national systems like education. It has strengthened the influence of international organizations on policy and constrained nation-state policy options. While globalization impacts all countries, its effects are mediated differently between developed and developing nations, with international organizations having more direct impact on developing country policy.
The impact of globalization on education policy of developing countries oman ...Ali Yah
Globalization has significantly impacted education policy in developing countries. The paper analyzes how globalization has reshaped education policymaking through the case study of Oman. Globalization compresses time and space through increased connectivity, affecting national systems like education. It has strengthened the influence of international organizations on policy and constrained nation-state policy options. While globalization presents opportunities and challenges, it has led to deep changes in how education policies are developed, implemented and evaluated in Oman and other developing countries.
The impact of globalization on education policy of developing countries oman ...Ali Yah
This document discusses how globalization has impacted education policy in developing countries. It argues that education policy is no longer determined solely within nation states, but is shaped by global processes and actors like international organizations. Globalization has led to increased competition between countries to improve their labor forces and economic competitiveness through reforms to education curriculum, pedagogy and evaluation. While all countries are affected, developing countries experience less mediated impacts from globalization on their education policies than developed countries. The paper uses Oman as a case study to illustrate how globalization has driven changes to education policy in developing nations.
Globalization, Culture, and Identities in CrisisAuthor(s) R.docxbudbarber38650
Globalization, Culture, and Identities in Crisis
Author(s): Robert J. Lieber and Ruth E. Weisberg
Reviewed work(s):
Source: International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Winter, 2002),
pp. 273-296
Published by: Springer
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20020163 .
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International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, Vol. 16, No. 2, Winter 2002 (? 2002)
Globalization, Culture, and Identities in Crisis
Robert J. Lieber* * and Ruth E. Weisbergf
Culture in its various forms now serves as a primary carrier of globalization
and modern values, and constitutes an important arena of contestation for
national, religious, and ethnic identity. Although reactions in Europe, Japan,
and other societies where modern values prevail, tend to be symbolic, in areas
of the developing world, especially in Muslim countries where traditional
values and radically different notions of identity and society predominate,
reactions tend to be very intense and redirected at external targets through
forms of transference and scapegoating. Ultimately, this is not so much a
clash between civilizations as a clash within civilizations.
KEY WORDS: culture; globalization; identity; transference; backlash.
GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURE
Globalization and its discontents has taken on huge significance in the
aftermath of September 11th. Driven by the end of the Cold War, a dramatic
surge in international trade, investment and finance, and the onset of the
information revolution, the subject had attracted growing attention for more
than a decade. However, the traumatic events of 9/11, the nihilistic rage
evident in the destruction of the World Trade Center, and the issues that
have arisen in its aftermath provide an enormous new impetus.
Until very recently, analyses of globalization have emphasized eco
nomics and politics rather than culture. Definitions of globalization abound,
*
Professor of Government & Foreign Service, Department of Government, Georgetown Uni
versity, Washington, DC.
^Dean, School of Fine Arts, University of Southern California, Watt .
[Ambassador Hassan] Speech: Presentation by Ambassador S. Azmat Hassan (Ret.)...GlobalPeaceFoundation
Date: Dec. 6th 2013
Session: Interfaith Partnerships: Faith and Diversity: Toward a Global Ethic for Inclusive and Moderate Societies
Speaker: Ambassador S. Azmat Hassan; Former Pakistani Ambassador to Malaysia, Syria and Morrocco, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Similar to 12221, 1037 PMCivilization And Traditional Jihad-2 (20)
13022 1 BIOL 315 Salmonella and Typhoid fever CicelyBourqueju
1/30/22
1
BIOL 315: Salmonella and
Typhoid fever
Dr. Sean Murray
Western Blot
Typhoid Fever
Typhoid Fever
• Salmonella Typhi: only infects humans
• CDC estimates 21 million cases per year world wide
with 200,000 deaths
• 400 cases per year in USA (most traveled to developing
countries)
Gastroenteritis
• Salmonella Typhimurium: broad host range
• CDC estimates 6.5 million cases a year in USA
with ~9,000 deaths from gastroenteritis
• 1/3 of all gastroenteritis infections caused by
Salmonella
• CDC: 15 Salmonella infections per 100,000
people in USA
Typhoid Fever
• Salmonella Typhi
• Fecally contaminated food/water
• 1-4 weeks post-ingestion for symptoms
• Multiply in spleen, liver
• High fever, chills, convulsions, delirium, and
anorexia for 2-3 weeks
• Pass from liver to gall bladder to intestine,
where it may ulcerate the intestinal mucosa
(fatal)
• Treatment: antibiotics
1/30/22
2
Typhoid Mary, early 1900s
• Salmonella can persist in the gall
bladder, and may be shed in feces
• Chef Typhoid Mary was a carrier
• She infected many people as she
worked at hotels, restaurants, hospitals
• Arrested twice, spent the rest of her life
in prison after the second arrest
Gastroenteritis
• Salmonella Typhimurium
• Contaminated poultry/eggs
– Caesar salad, raw eggs
• Nausea, vomiting 6-24 hours post ingestion
• Followed by abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever
• Symptoms last 1 week
• Shed Salmonella in feces for up to 3 months
• 1-3% of people shed for 1 year
• If enters bloodstream, septic shock (rare)
• Antibiotics not normally prescribed
Species infected by Salmonella
• Humans (Typhi)
• Humans, mice, cows, most mammals,
C. elegans (Typhimurium)
Salmonella Invasion of intestinal epithelium
1/30/22
3
TIIISS injects proteins into mammalian
cells that are NOT normally phagocytic to
induce phagocytosis of bacterium
Galan and Wolf-Watz, Nature, 2006
Type III-secretion system (TIIISS)
Galan and Wolf-Watz, Nature, 2006
Secretion protein complex is sequentially assembled
starting with the inner membrane, outer membrane,
periplasm, and finally the extracellular domains
Galan and Wolf-Watz, Nature, 2006
Invasion of intestinal epithelium
1/30/22
4
Holden, Traffic, 2002
Invading
macrophages
Paul (Ed.), Fundamental Immunology, 2003
Holden, Traffic, 2002
Salmonella
Containing
Vacuoles
Holden, Traffic, 2002
Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands SPI-1 and SPI-2
encode two different TIIISS that were horizontally
acquired (different GC content than chromosome);
pSLT is self-transmissible
pSLT
Spi-1
Spi-2
Salmonella
chromosome
Genome = chromosome plus plasmid
How does Salmonella adapt to
being inside or outside host cells?
In bacterial
membrane:
In bacterial
cytoplasm:
PhoQ
PhoP
(sensor)
(transcription factor)
1/30/22
5
PhoQ is activated by molecular signals inside ...
12620, 10(28 AMBritish Jury Delivers First Conviction for FeCicelyBourqueju
1/26/20, 10(28 AMBritish Jury Delivers First Conviction for Female Genital Cutting - The New York Times
Page 1 of 2https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/01/world/europe/female-genital-mutilation-conviction-britain.html?searchResultPosition=4
https://nyti.ms/2UzfDiq
By Palko Karasz and Anna Schaverien
Feb. 1, 2019
LONDON — A woman in London was convicted on Friday over the genital cutting of her daughter, becoming
the first person to be successfully prosecuted under the country’s law banning the practice.
The 37-year-old woman was found guilty of committing female genital cutting in August 2017, when her
daughter was 3. The girl’s father, 43, was cleared of charges. Neither parent was identified because of
reporting restrictions placed on the case.
“Female genital mutilation has an appalling physical and emotional impact on victims that usually lasts their
entire life,” said Lynette Woodrow, a deputy chief crown prosecutor, in a statement. “A 3-year-old has no power
to resist or fight back.”
A jury in London heard the girl was “deliberately cut and her injuries amounted to F.G.M.,” the statement from
prosecutors said, referring to female genital cutting, the practice of a girl’s genitalia being cut and removed.
The mother, originally from Uganda, where the practice is also illegal, claimed her daughter’s injuries were
caused when she fell from a kitchen counter onto an open metal lined cupboard door. None of the medical
experts who testified supported that assessment, the prosecutors said. The statement did not describe the
woman’s possible motives.
The girl was taken to a hospital and lost a significant amount of blood because of her injuries, jurors were told,
according to the BBC.
“I come before thee today with tears in my eyes, fear in my heart,” the woman wrote in her diary, according to
prosecutors. “My mother, I made a choice in my life. With that choice I could be going to jail.”
Aisha Gill, a professor of criminology at the University of Roehampton, said in a phone interview that the
verdict was “significant because it sends out a message to affected communities that these kinds of harmful
practices will not be tolerated.”
Calling it “a landmark case,” she added, “We need to see that the law will be operational and effective to
enable victims to come forward when necessary.”
British Jury Delivers First Conviction
for Female Genital Cutting
https://www.nytimes.com/
https://www.nytimes.com/by/palko-karasz
https://www.nytimes.com/by/anna-schaverien
https://www.cps.gov.uk/london-north/news/mother-first-be-convicted-female-genital-mutilation
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-47094707
1/26/20, 10(28 AMBritish Jury Delivers First Conviction for Female Genital Cutting - The New York Times
Page 2 of 2https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/01/world/europe/female-genital-mutilation-conviction-britain.html?searchResultPosition=4
Female genital cutting has been illegal in Britain since 1985, but previous prosecutions have l ...
12621, 1000 PMOriginality ReportPage 1 of 6httpsclasCicelyBourqueju
1/26/21, 10:00 PMOriginality Report
Page 1 of 6https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BBLEARN/originalityReport/…course_id=_16782097_1&includeDeleted=true&print=true&download=true
%%63
SafeAssign Originality Report
NURS-6521D-5/NURS-6521N-5/NURS-6521A-5-Adv… • SafeAssign Drafts
%%63Total ScoreTotal Score:: High risk
Dera Ogudo
Submission UUID: ee4ea50b-fd85-24bc-6924-a746b0154e78
Total Number of ReTotal Number of Re……
1
Highest MatchHighest Match
63 %
WK8Assgn_Ogudo.docx
Average MatchAverage Match
63 %
Submitted onSubmitted on
01/26/21
09:48 PM CST
Average Word CountAverage Word Count
813
Highest: WK8Assgn_Ogud…
%%63Attachment 1
Inst itut ional databaseInst itut ional database ( (77))
Student paperStudent paper Student paperStudent paper Student paperStudent paper
Student paperStudent paper Student paperStudent paper Student paperStudent paper
Student paperStudent paper
Top sourcesTop sources ( (33))
Excluded sourcesExcluded sources ( (00))
View Originality Report - Old Design
Word Count: 813
WK8Assgn_Ogudo.docx
22 55 44
11 66 33
77
22 Student paperStudent paper 55 Student paperStudent paper 44 Student paperStudent paper
1
3
Alzheimer’s Case Study Analysis
Dera Ogudo
Walden University
January 26, 2021
Alzheimer’s Disease Case Study It can be a daunting task for a skilled practitioner to carry a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Diagnosis of
dementia must have at least two major cognitive functions for it to be affected sufficiently to impede daily routines. These entail the capacity
to reason, language skills, memory, visual protection, and ability to solve problems. Diagnosis of dementia does not have a definite test, thus,
there is a need for clinicians to conduct several assessments like neurophysiological and cognitive tests in order to determine judgment, cogni-
tion, memory, attention, vocabulary, and thinking. The case study entails a seventy-six-year-old man who is suspected of having Alzheimer’s
disease. The case conclusion is derived on the information that is presented by his son and there lacked organic illness process during inspec-
tion. His behavioral changes began 2 years ago, which comprised of apathy, changes in his personality, which was later followed by diffi-
culties when speaking and loss of memory. When conducting a clinical interview, confabulation was also detected, self-ascertained eu-
thymic mood and speech. The patient also showed signs of impaired insight and judgment and also lacked impulse control. The pa-
tient does not show signs of suicide ideation and he is diagnosed with a condition called neurocognitive disorder that is linked to Alzheimer’s
11
22
33 44
https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BBLEARN/originalityReport?attemptId=e560c6e4-8f80-47de-ba1e-bf571388590b&course_id=_16782097_1&download=true&includeDeleted=true&print=true&force=true
1/26/21, 10:00 PMOriginality Report
Page 2 of 6https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/mdb-sa- ...
1302 Notes – 06 – February 4, 2021 Writing about Fiction (& CicelyBourqueju
1302 Notes – 06 – February 4, 2021
Writing about Fiction (& Exam)
1. Putting the “Composition” into Composition II
(how to start and end paragraphs with your topic sentence)
2. The Academic Paragraph—with an Example
(it starts and ends with the same topic sentence)
3. Analyze First
4. Let’s Practice Topic Sentences (which will start and end the paragraphs)
5. Let’s Practice Finding Support (for the topic sentences which go where?)
6. Drafting the Paragraph Assignment (establishes today’s attendance)
7. Homework Help (Paragraph & Exam 1: Fiction)
8. Checklist of Graded Assignments, Week 3
HOMEWORK for NEXT TIME: 1- ANALYZE a short story. 2-DRAFT an
academic paragraph of 8-24 sentences, communicating one writing technique in that
story. 3-REVISE the paragraph, then UPLOAD it by Sunday night. 4-TAKE Exam 1:
Fiction any time until next Wednesday (note: no new readings).
1. Putting the “Composition” into Composition 2
• You are LEARNING ABOUT FICTION in order to WRITE ABOUT FICTION
• The skills you use to write about fiction, you can then use in real life
to write about incident reports, peer reviews, etc.
• We will start by writing an ACADEMIC PARAGRAPH
• Next week, we will write an ESSAY, which will include:
• An introductory paragraph
• 2 or more academic paragraphs, and
• A concluding paragraph
2. The Academic Paragraph (with an Example)
ACADEMIC PARAGRAPHS, in literary analysis, exist to communicate ONE (1) specific
insight about a story, poem, or play. This time, we’re doing short stories.
WHY WRITE? Consider Comic-Con, book clubs, and fandoms (like Trekkers or
Browncoats). Also, this develops your ability to look at evidence and build a theory
based on that evidence—a good skill to have in law, in medicine, in business, etc.
HOW & WHEN TO WRITE? Use today’s class time to write an academic paragraph
explaining one (1) insight about one (1) short story. You will then have a chance to
The paragraph starts and ends
with the same point. This "topic
sentence" is the whole reason
the paragraph exists. Be sure to
name the author & title. If you
think a reader may need a
reminder about the term you
are using, define it. If you don't
use your own words, you must
use quotation marks and cite
your source! It's a good idea,
toward the start, to give a one-
line summary of the story in
your own words—name the
main characters. You should
have points to make that
support your topic sentence. Put
them before the quotes that
support them. Support can be
given as quotes and as facts
from the story. If you use a story
with page numbers, remember
to put the page number of the
quote in parentheses after the
quote. Make sure you proved
your point, by the end, even if
you feel you're stating the
obvious, because you probably
are not stating the obvious.
Finish with a restatement of the
topic sentence.
revise and fix any glitches before uploading by Sunday night ...
13-1 Final Project Milestone One IntroductionCicelyBourqueju
1
3-1 Final Project Milestone One: Introduction
January 19,2022
Sierra Club
Sierra Club is an environmental organization that operates in all the US states, promoting the importance of preserving the environment. The environment is primarily polluted, and Sierra Club is doing all it can to bring people together to develop solutions for protecting the environment. Sierra Club has organized over four thousand rallies and events for different causes like racism, mainly focusing on environmental issues (About the Sierra Club, n.d.). Sierra Club, over recent years, they have been lobbying the government to promote environmentally friendly practices by implementing policies that promote environmental conservation (About the Sierra Club, n.d.). Sierra Club focuses on promoting environmental sustainability, solving and preventing further global warming and its effects, and using coal by large manufacturing companies. Sierra Club does not only deal with ecological protests; they organize outdoor activities like rock climbing, camping, and wilderness excursions for its members. Sierra Club’s vision states that they envision themselves being an inclusive, diverse, and knowledgeable movement that has achieved a sustainable environment making their achievement an inspiration to other communities (About the Sierra Club, n.d.). Its mission includes exploring and protecting the wild areas of the earth, promoting effective and responsible use of the environment and its resources, and educating people on protecting and restoring the natural environment (About the Sierra Club, n.d.).
Disney Corporation
The Walt Disney Company, popularly known as Disney corporation, is a multinational entertainment company that aims at entertaining and inspiring its viewers. Disney began as an animation production company, and with time it grew its products and services. Disney products and services include Walt Disney Pictures, responsible for several film production companies (About the Walt Disney Company, n.d.). The products and services also include the ABC broadcast network, several cable services like Disney Chanel, Live streaming services like Disney+, several theme parks in the country hotels and cruise ship lines (About the Walt Disney Company, n.d.). Disney focuses on innovation to create new and customized products for its customers due to the high competition in the film production industry and live streaming services. The vision of Disney is to be among the leading producers, entertainers, and information in the world (About the Walt Disney Company, n.d.). Disney’s mission is to entertain and inform its users through storytelling using innovation and technology, making Disney the premium entertainment company globally (About the Walt Disney Company, n.d.).
Miami-Dade County Florida
Miami-Dade County in southeastern Florida is the largest county in Florida State. Miami-Dade County has more than two million five hundred people makin ...
13.7TearViscosityPressurePlate Gap0.00350.00180.000.000.00350.00170.000.000.45319.00186.001.800.85380.00174.001.800.35350.00180.000.000.30300.00180.000.000.70400.00180.000.001.90350.00190.000.000.25350.00180.000.000.10319.00186.00-1.800.15380.00186.00-1.803.90350.00180.003.000.00380.00174.00-1.800.55350.00180.000.000.00350.00180.00-3.000.05319.00174.00-1.800.40319.00174.001.804.30380.00186.001.800.00350.00180.000.00
13.9Size (Square feet) Rent ($)65519756631581718142966513507151633903180770816327851528955180052512066301421731187069418586851782675175075014406101212531117675012706751503725159582017956609985351080628133743410757751574707155670213008721400578120047014507701590784152587215756751478768145079717506001150660185092516506501275550110066513989161600850135075015509001300690160057413008001500775140087316508141575739160082014256651270
13.10MovieOpening Weekend Gross ($mil)YouTube Trailer Views (millions)The Mummy32.24657.897It Comes At Night6.00110.785Megan Leavey3.76810.099Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie23.8528.725Wonder Woman103.25184.205Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales62.98334.990Baywatch18.50421.764Everything, Everything11.7275.550Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul7.1263.836Alien: Covenant36.16145.615Snatched19.5427.791King Arthur: Legend of the Sword15.37128.187Lowriders2.4044.496Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2146.51057.324How to Be a Latin Lover12.2527.394The Circle9.03411.145Sleight1.70211.175Born in China4.7900.508Free Fire0.9941.061Unforgettable4.7855.387The Promise4.0966.354Phoenix Forgotten1.8167.714The Fate of the Furious98.78730.870The Case for Christ3.9680.280Going in Style11.9322.645Smurfs: The Lost Village13.2108.124The Boss Baby50.19952.292The Zookeeper's Wife3.2893.886Ghost in the Shell18.67631.055CHIPS7.7237.081Life12.50213.550Power Rangers40.30059.296Beauty and the Beast174.75180.077The Belko Experiment4.1375.546Kong: Skull Island61.02535.309The Shack16.1722.532Logan88.41244.196Before I Fall4.6904.989Get Out33.3776.630Rock Dog3.7050.942Collide1.5132.258The Great Wall18.47011.327Fist Fight12.2028.966A Cure for Wellness4.35715.177John Wick: Chapter 230.43613.714The LEGO Batman Movie53.00331.231Fifty Shades Darker46.60752.612Rings13.00316.235The Space Between Us3.7766.884A Dog's Purpose18.22311.698Gold3.4712.827Resident Evil: The Final Chapter13.60223.075Split40.01112.60620th Century Women1.3850.826xXx: Return of Xander Cage20.13027.536The Founder3.4047.273The Resurrection of Gavin Stone1.2073.323Monster Trucks10.9514.267Sleepless8.3443.790Patriots Day11.6147.597The Bye Bye Man13.50112.912Live By Night5.1067.067Silence1.9855.020Hidden Figures22.8007.739Underworld: Blood Wars13.68916.795A Monster Calls2.0807.643
MGMT 101
DISSCISSON QUESTIONS- 200 WORDS EACH AND BE SURE TO PUT THE REFRENCES UNDER EACH ANSWER.
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12622, 935 PM Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric CicelyBourqueju
1/26/22, 9:35 PM Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric - ACC-201-R3909 Financial Accounting 22EW3
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Overview
Internal controls are methods and strategies used to keep informa�on and inventory safe from the� and to easily tell if something is compromised or missing. In this assignment, you
will recommend internal controls for safeguarding inventory from an accoun�ng perspec�ve and explain which financial statements are affected by missing inventory.
Scenario
One of your friends has opened a new wholesale electronics business and wants your help figuring out some inventory issues they are facing.
One night last week, there seemed to be fewer HD televisions in the warehouse than they expected. The last �me they were in the warehouse was a week earlier, and they hadn’t
no�ced anything amiss.
As they looked around, they saw that the evening warehouse worker was filling the last orders of the day. The delivery driver and day warehouse worker were gone for the day, and the
delivery van keys were on the desk that the warehouse workers shared. The doors to the loading dock were open, as was the door to the office area where the accountant, two
customer service specialists, and the owner worked.
Knowing that you are familiar with accoun�ng principles, they asked for your help in figuring out how to prevent this in the future.
Prompt
Based on what you have learned about internal controls, provide recommenda�ons on what controls the business owner should put in place to prevent loss of inventory and ensure
that any losses are reported immediately. Also, specify which parts of the financial statements are affected by these losses.
Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:
Role of Internal Controls
Explain the role of internal controls in business se�ngs. Also explain how not having internal controls in place may impact the accurate analysis of any wrongdoing.
Recommenda�ons
Recommend at least two internal controls that should be put in place to prevent inventory from going “missing,” no�ng any assump�ons you are making about the root
cause of the missing products and how your recommenda�ons will help address them.
Recommend at least one control that should be put in place to alert the owner if something is actually missing.
Financial Statements
If you found that two $400 HD televisions were missing, explain which financial statements you would correct and how. Be specific as to accounts and amounts.
Guidelines for Submission
Submit a 1- to 2-page Word document with 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. Sources should be cited according to APA style.
Module Four Assignment Rubric
Criteria Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value
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CLC Assignment: COMPANY ANALYSIS
Group 3
Professor Stephen Weiss
ACC. 371
January 31, 2021
Introduction
The GAAP provided new guidelines regarding revenue recognition, in order to simplify the financial statements. The objective of the new guidance is to establish the principles to report useful information to users of financial statements about the nature, timing, and uncertainty of revenue from contracts with customers. This paper will discuss the revenue recognition criteria of various companies and how they comply with rules of FASB codification.
The Analysis
Microsoft Corporation: Microsoft corporation is the largest company that deals with the manufacturing and sale of electronic devices like iPhones, iPads, laptops and other extra devices in the world. It is the leading company in the production of personal computer software. Its financial statements signify a good performance in the investment sector. From the balance sheet, the short-term investments in the financial year 2020 were $136,527, in 2019 the investments were $133,819 and in 2018 the investments totaled to $133,768 this can be estimated to be 2.02%, 0.04% and 0.59% percentage growth of the company from the previous years, (Warren et al,, 2020).
The notes show that the company has invested $150 in the production of more units of the electronic devices supplied. Investing in workforce and in the security exchange in the purchase of share in the stock exchange. An approximate amount of $100 was invested in the purchase of share and reinvestment of dividends in 2019, (Mayes, 2020).
FASB which refers to the financial accounting standards board has laid out new policies that ought to be followed by every company. For instance, Microsoft corporation follows the principle of impracticability in its operations as required by FASB as it believes excessive costs are included in the principle, (Tysiac, 2018, p.105). Additionally, the company follows the exchanges productive assets which states that the accounting of non monetary transactions should be based on fair values of the assets. According to Microsoft corporation when non-monetary transactions lack commercial substance, they are exempted in accordance with FASB standards. Therefore, Microsoft has made investments in the company in both short-term and long-term investments and follows the FASB standards correctly when preparing their financial statements.
Amazon: Amazon is the second most valuable company in the United States trailing Apple. The company is worth over $1.7 trillion and continues to grow. Amazon recognizes revenue when these four criteria are met, evidence of an arrangement or contract exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the selling price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is assured (sec.gov). From there they determine if they should report the revenue as gross sales and related costs or the net amount as commission sales. When discount offers a ...
12622, 930 AM Full article Strategic Management in the PubCicelyBourqueju
1/26/22, 9:30 AM Full article: Strategic Management in the Public Sector: How Tools Enable and Constrain Strategy Making
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Volume 21, 2018 - Issue 5
International Public Management Journal
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Articles
Strategic Management in the Public
Sector: How Tools Enable and Constrain
Strategy Making
,Linda Höglund ,Mikael Holmgren Caicedo &Maria Mårtensson
Fredrik Svärdsten
Pages 822-849 | Accepted author version posted online: 24 Jan 2018, Published online: 01 Mar 2018
Download citation https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2018.1427161
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ABSTRACT
Strategic management (SM) has become prominent on the agenda in several public
organizations due to new public management (NPM) reforms. Nevertheless, there are
few studies investigating how public organizations apply SM in practice and what tools
are used. As a result, calls have been made for such studies. This article can be seen as
an attempt to meet this call by presenting a qualitative case study of how SM has been
applied in the Swedish Transport Administration (STA), a central government agency in
Sweden, and what tools it used in strategy making. By analyzing the micro processes of
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SIMILARITY INDEX
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STUDENT PAPERS
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PepsicoInternationalizationCulture.edited.docx
ORIGINALITY REPORT
PRIMARY SOURCES
Submitted to UK College of Business and
Computing
Student Paper
Submitted to Kaplan University
Student Paper
Submitted to Central Queensland University
Student Paper
FINAL GRADE
12/0
PepsicoInternationalizationCulture.edited.docx
GRADEMARK REPORT
GENERAL COMMENTS
Instructor
PAGE 1
Comment 1
This is a very general statement
Sp. This word is misspelled. Use a dictionary or spellchecker when you proofread your
work.
Article Error You may need to use an article before this word. Consider using the article
the.
P/V You have used the passive voice in this sentence. You may want to revise it using the
active voice.
Comment 2
(date)
Sp. This word is misspelled. Use a dictionary or spellchecker when you proofread your
work.
Comment 3
Which organisation?
Comment 4
The reader needs to know some background to a specific company and its operation in a
second country and the frameworks you will introduce to analyse the IHRM issues that
arise.
Article Error You may need to use an article before this word. Consider using the article
the.
Sp. This word is misspelled. Use a dictionary or spellchecker when you proofread your
work.
Comment 5
This is the first mention of the company you are analysing. Some background needed to
their operation is needed.
Sp. This word is misspelled. Use a dictionary or spellchecker when you proofread your
work.
Comment 6
Why are you introducing the Philippines here?
Comment 7
assumed?
Comment 8
Are you discussing China or the Philippines?
PAGE 2
Sp. This word is misspelled. Use a dictionary or spellchecker when you proofread your
work.
P/V You have used the passive voice in this sentence. You may want to revise it using the
active voice.
Article Error You may need to use an article before this word.
Article Error You may need to use an article before this word.
Comment 9
You really need to focus on one host country.
PAGE 3
QM
S/V This subject and verb may not agree. Proofread the sentence to make sure the subject
agrees with the verb.
PAGE 4
Strikethrough.
Comment 11
Reference
APA please
You must use APA version 6. Consider using Refworks or click HERE to read the guidance
provided by the library.
http://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/subject-guides/bus/topicguides/apa_for_business.htm
International Human Resource Management: BUSMGT 761
Week 3
5
th
July 2021
Sourcing human resources
for global markets
It can be concluded that an adequate understanding of the cultural context, as it impacts on the behavior of an organization’s employees, is of critical impo ...
13 Business and Global GovernanceMarc FudgeCase ScenCicelyBourqueju
13 Business and Global
Governance
Marc Fudge
Case Scenario: Zach and Zoey discuss their future 367
Introduction 369
Global Governance 369
Three Important IGOs Not Directly Related to Business 371
Three IGOs Related to Business 372
Criticisms of International Trade and Financial Organizations 379
Factors of Economic Growth and the Role of Governments
and Governance 382
Analytical Case: The BRICS Development Bank 392
Practical Skill: Leveraging international resources 393
Summary and Conclusion 394
CHAPTER CONTENTS
CASE 13 SCENARIO
Zach and Zoey discuss their future
Zach wanted to share something with Zoey and invited her out to dinner at Tyler’s
uncle’s restaurant on Main Street. As they leave Happy Paws and walk past the vet
office, Splurge jewelers, and the U Scream Ice Cream shop, Zach begins talking.
He mentions that he and Zoey are both busy running successful businesses. Zoey
has opened two more Happy Paws stores, one across the state line and the other
in Anyplace, the town next to the City of Somewhere. Zach has taken over all
operations of the Double Z Beauty product line and the Double Z pet product
line. His grandparents are enjoying their retirement years traveling and have even
been able to visit Zoey’s sister Zara in China. Tyler is full time now at Good Buddy
E-
Solution
s, watching over the websites and several employees himself. Between
the three of them, they have been able to hire a number of people. Profits are
up and life is looking pretty good. Zoey remarks that life is indeed good, and
there’s not much more she could ask for. But at the door of the restaurant, Zach
acts unsettled and says things could be better. Upon hearing that, Zoey raises
her eyebrows.
Tyler has been keeping stats on website traffic for both Happy Paws and the
Double Z Beauty products. He mentioned to Zach that a number of repeat clients
are from Asia and Europe and have increasingly expressed interest in Zach opening
distribution facilities, perhaps in Tokyo and Madrid. One customer has even offered
to work for Double Z in Japan. Tyler provides some reports from international
finance institutions such as the World Trade Organization and International Monetary
Fund on targeted countries, which are very informative and surprisingly easy to
read. Zach never envisioned that the beauty and pet product lines would ever grow
to the level they have and therefore had never considered opening any facilities
overseas. Until now.
Zach is intrigued about the growth prospects of opening facilities in other
countries. He recalled his former economics professor saying that recent global
economic growth has risen substantially, and while the US had improved, it was
Asia’s developing nations where the greatest increase occurred, at something like
6+ percent.
As they make their way to their table, Zoey remarks that she supposes things
could be better, but first they’d have to find out about the employment laws that
are in place for each ...
13-1 IntroductionThe Galleon Group was a privately owned hedge fCicelyBourqueju
13-1 Introduction
The Galleon Group was a privately owned hedge fund firm that provided services and information about investments such as stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments. Galleon made money for itself and others by picking stocks and managing portfolios and hedge funds for investors. At its peak, Galleon was responsible for more than $7 billion in investor income. The company’s philosophy was that it was possible to deliver superior returns to investors without employing common high-risk tactics such as leverage or market timing. Founded in 1997, Galleon attracted employees from prestigious investment firms such as Goldman Sachs, Needham & Co., and ING Barings. Every month the company held meetings where executives explained the status and strategy of each fund to investors. In addition, Galleon told investors that no employee would be personally trading in any stock or fund the investors held.
In 2009 Raj Rajaratnam, the head of Galleon, was indicted on 14 counts of securities fraud and conspiracy, as well as sued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for insider trading. He and five others were accused of using nonpublic information from company insiders and consultants to make millions in personal profits. Rajaratnam’s trial began in 2011, and although he pleaded not guilty, he was convicted on all 14 counts, fined over $158 million in civil and criminal penalties, and is currently serving an 11-year sentence.13-2 Raj Rajaratnam
Rajaratnam, born in Sri Lanka to a middle-class family, received his bachelor’s degree in engineering from the University of Sussex in England. In 1983 he earned his MBA from the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Business. With a focus on the computer chip industry, he meticulously developed contacts. He went to manufacturing plants, talked to employees, and connected with executives who would later work with Galleon on their companies’ initial public offerings.
In 1985 the investment banking boutique Needham & Co. hired Rajaratnam as an analyst. The corporate culture at Needham & Co. profoundly influenced Rajaratnam and his business philosophy. George Needham was obsessive about minimizing expenses, making employees stay in budget hotel rooms and take midnight flights to and from meetings. The company also urged analysts to gather as much information as possible. They were encouraged to sift through garbage, question disgruntled employees, and even place people in jobs in target industries. Analysts went to professional meetings, questioned academics doing research and consulting, and set up clandestine agencies that collected information. At Needham & Co., Rajaratnam developed an aggressive networking and note-taking research strategy that enabled him to make accurate predictions about companies’ financial situations.
Rajaratnam rose rapidly through the ranks at Needham to become president of the company by 1991. Rajaratnam’s personality also began to impact the company’s cu ...
13 Assessing Current Approaches to Childhood ImmunizatioCicelyBourqueju
This document presents a research proposal assessing current approaches to childhood immunization. The study will use a community-based cross-sectional design to examine factors associated with partial immunization of children under five, such as mothers' knowledge, beliefs, religion, and education level. A sample of mothers will be surveyed using random stratified sampling. Correlation analyses will examine relationships between vaccination hesitancy and demographic factors. The results could help identify digital methods for tracking under-vaccinated children and inform future health policy. Limitations include potential recall bias and the time needed for data collection.
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Women Veterans Mental Healthcare during Pregnancy
Student Name
Student Affiliation (For Example, Department + Institute Name)
Course Name and Number
Instructor Name
Date
Women Veterans Mental Healthcare during Pregnancy
Pregnancy in women veterans is often associated with anxiety, depression, and other stress disorders. The incidence of these diseases is high in women veterans due to significant endeavors during military services (Creech et al., 2019). The implementation plan for pregnant veterans includes providing financial aids and sufficient resources to improve their mental health during pregnancy. The proposed change plan comprises certain strategic interventions to reduce the ongoing incidence of mental health problems during pregnancy in women veterans.
Distinguish organizational strategies needed to implement and maintain the change plan.
The proposed change plan comprises certain modifications in the management of pregnant veterans by providing them with adequate funds, quick medical access, and paid pregnancy leaves. Similarly, the organization should pay attention to the fault lines of the already implemented plan. To maintain the change, there should be active leadership that prioritizes the success and sustenance of the change plan. The other strategy that can make the implementation plan easy and productive is empowering women veterans through effective communication and negotiation. This strategy will ultimately help to reduce the mental stress and grievances of pregnant veterans. Hence, the change plan can categorically operate.
Identify the stakeholders needed to support the implementation of the proposed plan.
The major stakeholders are healthcare professionals such as doctors, nurses, allied health professionals, paramedical staff, and pregnant veterans as a patient of prime focus for this change plan. Additionally, hospital management and leadership also play a significant role in implementing the proposed change plan (Nillni et al., 2021). Similarly, there are certain private investors and NGOs that work for the mandate of the organization and patient care. Insurance companies are also one of the key stakeholders of the implementation plan. Similarly, pharmaceutical firms and government subsidies are also supportive elements for the implementation plan. All these stakeholders will provide affordable health care costs and quality medical care for pregnant veterans.
Explain how these stakeholders are vital to implementing the change plan.
Doctors and nurses are the first-line workers to assist the patient and provide the baseline for effective implementation. Efficient staff will introduce interventions that will improve the mental health of the veterans. Similarly, the insurance companies and other private investors directly fund the patient and hospital management to increase the plan's efficacy. This strategy will ensure the safe delivery and life of the child and mother (Nillni et al., 2021 ...
1234 Oak StreetComment by Author Good letter format that fCicelyBourqueju
1234 Oak Street Comment by Author: Good letter format that follows the sample.
Tyler, Texas 75703
October 6, 2015
Mayor Martin Heines
City of Tyler
P.O. Box 2039
Tyler, TX, 75710
Dear Mayor Haynes:
The continuance of America’s heritage hinges on the involvement of each generation in the political and civic spheres of society. Today, this hinge is rusty and in need of repair. Richard Fry, a senior researcher for Pew Research Center, writes that “this year, the ‘Millennial’ generation is projected to surpass the outsized Baby Boom generation as the nation’s largest living generation.” Yet the Millennial generation, aged eighteen to thirty-four years old this year, is cynical towards government and apathetic towards voting and civic involvement.
In a study released April 29th by Harvard University’s Institute of Politics entitled “Survey of Young Americans’ Attitudes Toward Politics and Public Service,” only 21% of young Americans view themselves as “politically engaged” and 34% “volunteer in community service.” These facts are troubling. As of this year, an overwhelming majority of this new largest generation of Americans is not politically involved and does not volunteer in the local community. It is time for local government to step in and do what it can to engage its new constituent majority. I suggest that a new city-wide initiative be adopted, targeted toward the Millennial generation’s age group as potential members, for which the City of Tyler may provide an executive committee, office and staff structure, and financial grants, with the mission of providing a way to bring together, activate, and empower Tyler’s young adults to become increasingly involved in their community and participate in the political sphere.
In order to achieve this proposal, the Tyler City Council must adopt an initiative to attract young leaders in the community and engage their involvement. This would include setting up an organizational structure consisting of an executive committee with a Tyler City Council member as chair. It might also be helpful to install you as an honorary co-chair in this committee. There would be standing committees governing specific departments necessary to the project such as a marketing committee, membership committee, and events committee. Temporary committees may be formed as needed. Full-time staff would be necessary to put the committee’s decisions into action, establishing partnerships within the community such as nonprofits and elected officials, and sponsoring education initiatives for political involvement. The staff would take full advantage of social media including Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram—favorite outlets and sources of information for Millennials. These networks can be used to further spread the word about events and opportunities made available. Memberships would be granted free of charge to Tyler residents, and others who have a vested interest in Tyler. They must be willing to sign a pledge to be ...
1/25/2017 PlayPosit
Name: Date:
Francisco Gonzalez
Light
1. In what ways does Mr. Gonzalez monitor student progress?
2. Notice that Mr. Gonzalez has a firm understanding of the challenges of his content area. He recognizes that comparisons or connections to something familiar must be made in order to ensure understanding.
3. In what ways is Mr. Gonzalez using music in his lesson?
4. Take note how Mr. Gonzalez maximizes instructional time by gathering and passing out materials while students are engaged in academic conversations with their peers.
Also watch for how he regains their attention.
5. Mr. Gonzalez has demonstrated several ways of regaining student attention following peer collaboration. Explain how Mr. Gonzalez' attention getting strategies are implemented and why they are effective.
6. How has Mr. Gonzalez significantly increased the cognitive level at which his students are working?
7. Watch for Mr. Gonzalez' reference to vocabulary commonly used on the state assessment and how he relates the term to a topic outside of the topic of light.
8. Here Mr. Gonzalez addresses common misconceptions and provides real-time, immediate examples to illustrate his point.
9. How has Mr. Gonzalez extended the learning for his students?
10. Think back over the entire lesson. Describe the many ways Mr. Gonzalez has maintained student engagement throughout his lesson.
11. What just happened here? Why is it significant?
12. Consider the part of the lesson cycle. Did Mr. Gonzalez include all of the necessary lesson components in today's lesson? Explain.
13. Effective teachers always reflect on the lesson, and lesson outcomes. Go back to the beginning of the video and rewatch Mr. Gonzalez' reflection. Listen as the he reflects on this lesson, and compare it to the responses you have written on the observation worksheet. Use both the teacher’s reflections and your own observation when writing your overall observational reflection.
CLASSROOM OBSERVATION:
Francisco Gonzales is a science teacher who uses music to teach his science concepts. He is working in a high poverty, bilingual school. Watch as he gains student attention, uses strategies to increase critical thinking, and keeps students engaged by working together to complete a challenging activity.
TASK- View video and complete observation reflection
Effective teachers always reflect on the lesson, and lesson outcomes. Listen as the teacher reflects on this lesson, and compare it to the responses you have written on the observation worksheet. Use both the teacher’s reflections and your own observation when writing your overall observational reflection.
*****RECORD YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ATTACHED DOCUMENT – OBSERVATIONAL REFLECTION
>>>>> VIEW VIDEO HERE
...
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
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CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 1
Civilization And Traditional Jihad
Shanee’ Ellington
Helms School of Government, Liberty University
Author Note
6. Shanee’ Ellington
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose. Correspondence
concerning this article
should be addressed to Shanee’ Ellington. Email:
[email protected]
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CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 2
Abstract
The following research paper offers a review of the recent
literature as well as evidence
associated with the concept on violent jihad as well as the
cultural jihad. It is important to note that
the research paper effectively argues that the identified
West would gain from a lens that is
associated with combining the two kinds of threats instead
of viewing them as different issues.
The authors effectively attempt to enhance comprehensive
7. understanding among the individuals
associated with the manner in which the concept of jihad has
transitioned towards the commonly
perceived strict interpretation regarding a holy war All in
the name of Islam as well as in the
illustration of the key themes applied to both kinds of Jihad
which have been waged against the
identified West (Agus et al., 2021).
Keywords: jihad
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CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 3
Following that, researchers discovered a number of common
operational elements in violent and
8. cultural Jihad, as well as the fact that the Western Intelligence
Community is uniquely qualified
to provide a vital basis. The response of the West to the shared
kind of strategies that exist
between the violent and the cultural Jihad. As an outcome, the
identified Western Homeland
Security apparatus, specifically the identified intelligence
community, may gain from the general
approach to a combined form of threat from the cultural and the
violent Jihad. This research
paper also emphasizes the critical need for the Academic kind
of research, which usually adds
cultural Jihad into the comprehensive literal works.
Even though most of the individuals are usually aware of the
given threat associated with the
violent Jihad, a lesser-known kind of threat is the one regarding
cultural Jihad. The identified
combined threat regarding the violence as well as the cultural
Jihad is associated with the
creation of some unique issues. However, it is also linked to the
development of some recurring
threads that could serve as focal points for the identified
intelligence community's efforts to
combat the threats effectively. Overall, this study describes the
9. difficulties linked with violent
and cultural Jihadism, with the goal of expanding the small
body of academic work that is related
to the combined risks from both.
Background and Problem Statement
Traditionally most of the individuals are associated with
focusing on the manned in which was as
well as conflicts are seemingly carried out for the religious
reasons or even at least carried out in
the name that it is for religious purposes. Indeed, it is vital to
understand that it is not challenging
to find any data and statistics in the given support for this kind
of hypothesis. There are
numerous wars and armed conflicts that entail a direct or even
an indirect form of a religious
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CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 4
component that authors and researchers have documented over
time. As the Cold War has come
to an end, and the inter-ethnic kind of conflicts have reemerged
in most of the world regions, it
has indeed been a famous and familiar thesis for the distinct
writers to effectively argue that
these kinds of interethnic conflicts have some religious
component.
Further studies suggest that cultural Jihad could be an equally
devastating long-term threat to the
established West. Furthermore, while there are certain
functional variations between physical
11. and cultural Jihad, the most of the active topics are realized to
be comparable. As a result, the
designated US Homeland Security infrastructure as well as the
Western Intelligence Community
may benefit from the increased focus on fundamental themes
found in all varieties of Jihad. At
the same time, a framework is being created for visualizing not
only the immediate concerns
posed by violent Jihad, but also the long-term and entirely
legitimate threats posed by Cultural
Jihad to a given identity in Western Culture. (Agus et al.,
2021).
Literature Review
Violent Jihad
Jihad has always been thought of as a conflict. Exterior Jihad is
commonly defined as activities
taken in the name of the island against any external person or
entity. Most people in today's
culture associate jihad with holy war and brutality in the name
of Islam. According to authors
and researchers, the identified Wahhabi regarded any group
opposed to the determined Wahhabi
movement as non-Muslim and potentially deserving of Jihad in
the form of a holy war. The
12. beginning of two ideas that will be skillfully revisited in the
next parts may be noted by readers.
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CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 5
One key theme is used in the reflection of a shift toward a
commitment to the identification of
any non-fundamentalists Muslim and being a non-Muslim.
Another critical theme is used in the
13. review of a trend toward extreme violence in the crucial name
regarding the fundamentalist
specific Interpretation regarding Islam (Osim, 2021).
Historical underpinnings
Modern Islamism has dominated by the groups that, along with
the identified ideals regarding
the Muslim Brotherhood, stemming back to its identified
inception in 1920. Essentially, the
Muslim Brotherhood's stated goals were to overturn any secular
government in which the
Muslim Brotherhood operated and implemented Sharia rule in
the country. The identified
Muslim Brotherhood, which is influenced by Saudi Arabian
Wahhabi austere interpretations of
Islam, began in Egypt in part as a reaction to British
colonialism and other systems of
discrimination. At that time, the political and social justice
kind of orient was an outcome in the
identified formation regarding a political sort of ideology
combined with the given Islam, which
became recognized as Islamism (Alexander, 2021).
For the first time in recent history, Islamists found themselves
addressing the defined Islamic
14. state in the same way that a politician might define a socialist
or democratic state. This kind of
shift was thought to be critical in the Jihad's development into
its current form. People identified
as religious began to be influenced by political viewpoint,
perceived social injustice, and even
the volatility of social upheaval and unrest. It involved
espousing an increment in acceptance
regarding violence reflected within the holy book of Islam and
even its roots in the struggle.
Cultural Jihad
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CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 6
Cultural jihadists are usually said to possess the same kind of
goals along with objectives as
those of violent jihadists; however, it is vital to understand that
they typically utilize different
mechanisms to operate towards the given purpose. Similarly,
like the Jihadists Salafists, the
cultural jihadists usually hope to eventually overtake Western
culture and significantly establish
a global fundamentalist Islamic kind of state. However, it is
important to emphasize that Jihadists
of this cultural kind frequently work inside current Western
legal and political structures to
achieve their objectives. In their deliberate attempt to enforce
the defined sharia rule, they make
use of the identified safeguards about the current legal
structure, including the identified US
Constitution. They stated to utilize government technology and
public relations savvy to help
16. build influence and put racial Islamism into influential positions
(Alexander, 2021).
The exhibit in different researches reveals that the civilization
jihad is a kind of grand Jihad
associated with the damage of Western Civilization from Within
the given sabotage. Therefore,
the presented concept regarding cultural Jihad has existed
within the identified radical Islamists
communities since the late 1990s. The utility regarding
asymmetrical tactics and an extreme
level of attention to planning and even patience are critical
ways the identified radical Islamists
have proven to be successful in the identified Violent Jihad
(Agus et al., 2021).
Among the key figures in modern Islamism, it is vital to
understand that Sayed Qutb was highly
known for his various publications. It is essential to understand
that peace that the Muslims
usually seek also is involved in the translation to submission to
Allah. The critical intention
regarding Islam was considered to be peace. However, it is
essential to consider that a closer
examination of his texts frequently reveals that peace cannot be
achieved until people surrender
17. to Allah. As a result, any positive or even peaceful ideals inside
a particular Islam might easily
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CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 7
be interpreted as the vital need for offensive action by the given
Muslims if an individual's lens is
regarded extremist or even violent. Individuals who usually
claim that the Right to the identified
legislates for the individuals and the exclusion of the legislation
of God are considered to be
18. aggressors and are deemed liable to the identified divine
punishment.
Therefore, any secular government is usually considered an
aggressor against the identified
Islam, and even defense is generally justified. He also
illustrated that it usually takes one of the
three specified courses when handling its identified Islam. They
need to adopt the recognized
religion or even in the payment of tribute or even fight. The
identified logic and arguments as a
critical foundation, the identified radicals would highly likely
feel justified in resorting to the
identified cultural Jihad as being a supplement to the identified
violent Jihad as being one of the
three critical options for handling with the enemies. Therefore,
careful consideration regarding
the provable threat regarding Cultural Jihad is usually
warranted (Agus et al., 2021).
Historical Underpinnings
To some people, Jihad is considered the essence of radical
Islamist ideology, which is regarded
as a synonym for terrorism. To some other individuals, Jihad is
a term that means peaceful and
individual and internal spiritual striving. Jihad is a complex set
19. regarding doctrines and practices
that have been altered over time and progressively evolved. The
messages of the Quran
regarding fighting and Jihad are considered inseparable from its
necessities regarding generosity
and care of the poor (Osim, 2021).
It is vital to understand the history associated with Jihad. The
term jihad is a term used for a
struggle regarding causes in a religious and secular manner. It
was used to refer to the word holy
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20. CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 8
war, unlike the civilization jihad. Moreover, it is often utilized
in the religious sense. Its
identified beginnings are usually traced back to the identified
Quran and even the recognized
words and actions regarding Muhammad. The notion associated
with Jihad is considered to have
its origin in the identified Islamic principle that all humankind
ought to embrace Islam. In the
Quran and later Muslin usage, Jihad is usually followed by the
determined expression Fi sabil
Allah in the specified path regarding God. It is used in the
illustration of the way regarding the
Truth and justice inclusive of all the identified teachings it
offers on the key justifications and
even the conditions for the specified conduct of war and peace.
It is sometimes utilized without
the religious connotation, with a critical meaning similar to the
identified English word crusade
(Osim, 2021).
Threats posed to the United States and the West
Cultural Jihad is also an identified realistic tactic, specifically
given the history regarding
21. extreme patience in Jihadists in their shared approach along
with their specified display
regarding the unmatched imagination and resourcefulness and
even the willingness to utilize the
given system against itself in their given plots. Readers should
also remember that the Violent
Jihadists have a history of probing potential targets for
vulnerabilities and methodically building
effective relationships and even history within a given
community or facility before attacking. In
short, it is vital to under that the identified operationalization
regarding the cultural Jihad against
the identified West would be an identified complicated and
coordinated and even decades-long.
In General, a high loft goal. However, so was the defeating the
determined Russian invasion
regarding Afghanistan and in the management to significantly
transform the identified aircraft
into some form of weapons regarding mass destruction utilizing
box cutters solely. Indications
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CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 9
regarding the cultural Jihad have been effectively observed
within the specified US education
kind of system and houses regarding worship and the identified
government (Alexander, 2021).
Another critical issue in combatting cultural Jihad is that it is
usually meant not to alter existing
opinions regarding Islam but to effectively build later kinds of
views for generations regarding
Islam via the systematic embedding within the existent social
support and government and even
government education structures. One can effectively imagine
the numerous challenges related to
educating a generation regarding the Americans who are not
solely ignorant regarding the
23. difference between Islam and radical Islam but also who
exclusively possess the identified lens
offered by the radical Islamists in the social education kind
programs. Cultural Jihad is also
considered a proactive way regarding the development of Jihad
or even in the assessment of
crucial western infrastructure, specifically for the radical
Muslims who are not usually suited for
any violence or even have other essential skills (Osim, 2021).
The Role of the Intelligence Community
The nature of intelligence
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24. CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 10
Intelligence can be defined as an informational product or even
process usually generated from
the practical analysis of data. Counterintelligence is a closely
related term used to define the
various kinds of activities that are formulated to stifle the given
kinds of attempts to collect
intelligence associated with a company or even an entity.
Synthesis and analysis are all
considered to be the distinctions that exist between the concept
of intelligence and that one of
information (Rahman & Ritonga, 2021).
Intelligence is never attained after sustained labor. It is
considered to be a gift from nature.
Intelligence is not all about memory. To comprehend the nature
of intelligence, there is a need to
know about the classification of intelligence. First and
foremost, there is concrete Intelligence,
which is the capability of a person to understand real situations
and react to them sufficiently
effectively. It is a type of intelligence applicable when the
person is handling any concrete
objects or even medicines (Okeke, 2021).
25. Abstract Intelligence is defined as being the capability to
respond to words and numbers and
even symbols. This is the type of intelligence attained After the
comprehensive study regarding
books and literature. Social Intelligence is the capability of a
person to react to social situations
regarding their daily life effectively. The nature of intelligence
can be defined as being the
capability for adjustment to the environment and the ability of a
person to perceive the existing
relationship between the various kinds of objects and methods
(Okeke 2021).
The global intelligence community works collaboratively and
effectively coordinates with the
given law enforcement to help fight terrorism. One key
impediment to the successful intelligence
is considered as being the diffusion of nature regarding the
given threat as well as the various
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CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 11
laws that are associated with governing the utility of the
particular intelligence firms to facilitate
the collection of data from as well as on the persons and even
the respective entity.
Another issue with that kind of coordination is that the
identified intelligence entities usually
desire to gather information progressively. They possess a high-
level threshold for overtly acting
on the given intelligence and are explicitly generated when
carrying out so would be associated
with rendering the given gathering mechanism or even source to
be no longer essential.
Typically, law enforcement forces are drawn to removing
people from the streets. Both kinds of
approaches are deemed to have some utility; however, it is vital
to note that those distinctive
approaches may also cause a limitation to the aspect of
information sharing between the given
agencies. The exceedingly restrictive kind of laws, as well as
policies, are associated with being
27. a limiting factor to the appropriate utility of the human
resources related to the terrorist
intelligence collection (Okeke, 2021).
The role of the intelligence community in the engagement of
Jihad
With the exception of the CIA's relatively limited covert forms
of activity, US intelligence
services are rarely involved in tactical or even ground-level
enforcement operations. These are
carried out with the critical goal of combating terrorism, as
recognized by US intelligence. The
first step in detecting and preventing assaults is to have a
product. Typically, the intelligence
community's discovered intelligence is used by the military or
recognized law enforcement
during tactical moves or operations. Th FBI and various law
enforcement agencies and the Air
Force Office in charge of the specific investigations, are
involved in the execution of critical
intelligence missions and their usual law enforcement functions.
The recognized Western
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CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 12
popular culture is associated with assigning a hierarchy to such
kinds of agencies with the given
CIA as well as the FBI usually taking the topmost seats
(Alexander, 2021).
However, the fact is that the shared resource constraints, as well
as the need for specified
specialists within the given intelligence and law enforcement
organizations, are linked to the
establishment's necessity. The only approach to investigate
terrorism in the most appropriate way
is through task groups made up of many authorities. The
29. identified FBI joint terrorism Task
Force is an excellent example of the given type of task force. In
theory, the FBI's dual position as
an intelligence and law enforcement organization would aid to
facilitate information exchange
between intelligence and law enforcement, with a focus on the
FBI's Les task force. It's worth
noting, though, that the specified law enforcement officials do
not have access to the provided
information collected from the indicated intelligence sources
since federal rules prevent
information sharing. (Azam, 2021).
Intelligence and violent Jihad
The Intelligence Community will go on supporting the
identified law enforcement community
and the given military via the collection as well as in the
prioritization and even the distribution
of intelligence for utility by the law enforcement and even
military personnel. The given
intelligence community can offer valuable intelligence towards
the identified defensive anti-
terrorism efforts, including law enforcement activities, usually
intended to intercept the violent
30. kind of jihadists. The given intelligence community offers
valuable intelligence to effectively
inform the offensive counter-terrorism operations by the
identified military personnel overseas
(Momodu, 2021).
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CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 13
Strategic intelligence is frequently used to help long-term
planning efforts. It enables law
31. enforcement to gain a better understanding of some of the
important capabilities and threats
linked with the violent jihadists who have been recognized in
their societies. It's important to
remember that Strategic Intelligence can be used to achieve the
same purpose for offensive-
oriented counter-terrorism actions by deployed military men.
One may also note that law
enforcement and military personnel can play a prominent role in
gathering tactical intelligence
during the given intelligence collection cycle that strives to
combat violent Jihad (Maisaia,
2021).
However, despite the significance of intelligence agencies in
combating the violent Jihad, the
intelligence agencies may be even highly uniquely located to
effectively combat the identified
cultural jihadist threat to the identified West. The intelligence
assets and abilities usually
remains true to the given spirit regarding the Federal laws, thus
restricting the utility of
intelligence domestically (Mahasneh, 2021).
Intelligence and cultural jihad
32. Public education is vital in enhancing counter-radicalization
efforts against any cultural Jihad
since ignorance regarding mainstream Islam versus radical
Islamism usually allows for the latter
kind of perspective to grow undetected within the identified
legitimate programs and even
agencies. However, it is vital to note
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CIVILIZATION AND TRADITIONAL JIHAD 14
that similarly to the tactical counter-terrorism kinds of
operations, counter-radicalization efforts
starry with a quality intelligence kind of product. Counter
radicalization will not be efficient
33. unless it is aimed at the influential groups and at the adequate
time and via effective methods.
Quality intelligence is involved in the information of awareness
(Alexander, 2021).
An individual may argue that external cultural Jihad may be the
more significant long-term threat
to the West. Indeed, it is vital to note that the immediate danger
regarding violence exhibited by
the identified violent jihadists is considered the most pressing
threat, and tactical intelligence
regarded as an essential part of the defense systems. However,
the efficient and successful
installation regarding the fundamentalist's Islamic ideals in the
entire West and the US has the
critical potential to effectively expand the identified existing
overt threats into millions of threats.
As such, the given intelligence community will play a key role
in abating not solely the current
external, violent jihad threat but also the undercurrent cultural
form of Jihad kind of threat to the
West (Alexander, 2021).
In general, the given Intelligence Community intended to
support the larger anti-terrorism and
the counter-terrorism impact. As a result, the recognized
34. intelligence community will be viewed
as critical in directly supporting law enforcement and military
anti-terrorism and counter-
terrorism actions. The Intelligence Community must focus its
efforts on gaining a full
understanding and suffocating the identified shared themes
highlighted throughout the research
report, as they all have an impact on the radical agenda in the
short and long term. Strategic
intelligence may prove to be the most appropriate in combatting
cultural Jihad since the long-
term trends and activities are of heightened significance
(Dunning, 2021).
1
1
2
2
2
2
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Conclusion
Overall, the identified authors have found that the identified
over-presentation regarding violence
within the identified radical Islamism usually starts with the
literal fundamentalist's interpretation
regarding the Quran. It is revealed that a specified form of the
pathway and series regarding the
key influencers associated with shifting the violent Jihad so that
the identified radicals can
perceive it. It's the only option for change and an offensive and
even universally oriented strategy
(Azam, 2021).
The shift usually starts with the Wahhabi fundamentalist's
interpretation of the Quran's highly
violent passages. Four prominent, Charismatic Islamist leaders
and educators have been priory
exposed to as well. We're accountable for an ever-rising
escalation regarding violence on all
sides regarding the given conflict. Due in part to the identified
factors illustrated above, the four
36. main, charismatic kinds of figured have vitally structured the
given sort of framework for the
globally-focused and offensive-oriented violent Jihad type that
the West currently experiences.
Violent Jihad is presently considered the primary threat to the
identified West (Alexander, 2021).
It's worth noting that the research suggests that cultural Jihad
could be an equally significant
long-term threat to the Western world. Furthermore, while
violent Jihad and cultural Jihad have
certain operational differences, the majority of the functional
elements are shared. As a result,
the US Homeland Security apparatus and the Western
Intelligence Community may profit from
the increased focus on essential themes present in all varieties
of Jihad. While at the same time
building an outline that is associated with mapping not solely
the immediate kind of threats from
1
1
1
1
37. 3
3
12
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the violent Jihad but also the long-term and wholly legal threats
to the given identity regarding
the Western Culture via Cultural Jihad (Alexander, 2021).
The research was highly appropriate as it helped identify the
variety of the shared operational
themes that are present in the violent kind of Jihad and the
cultural Jihad. It also identified that
the intelligence community is uniquely qualified to offer an
essential foundation for the response
of the West to these kinds of shared tactics between the
identified violent Jihad and the cultural
Jihad. The research paper also offers suggestions on the more
long term kind of method to be
38. used in the effective combating of cultural Jihad via the peer -
reviewed academic research on the
cultural Jihad, to effectively expose the future generations
regarding the intelligent students as
well as the security students to the given threat regarding the
cultural Jihad and also to add to the
existent body regarding the work on the violent Jihad (Agus et
al., 2021). The bible says
Matthew 26:52-54 that "Then Jesus said to him, "Put your sword
back into its place. For all who
take the sword will perish by the sword. Do you think that I
cannot appeal to my Father, and he
will at once send me more than twelve legions of angels? But
how then should the Scriptures be
fulfilled, that it must be so?" (King James Bible)
1
1
6
17
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References
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Alexander, Y. (2021). Palestinian religious terrorism: Hamas
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Azam, M. (2021). Western Rhetoric on Jihad: A Critical
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Dunning, M. (2021). Britain and Salafi-Jihadist Terrorism. In
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King James Bible. (2017). King James Bible Online.
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Okeke, I. (2021). AN ENCOUNTER WITH RELIGIOUS
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Appendices
Themes present in cultural jihad and violent jihad. 1
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