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Horse tail plant guide
- 1. http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/db2www/plant_indiv.d2w/PHOTO?keynum=36 Equisetum arvense Equisetum Vegetative and reproductive axis bearing sporangia The ‘scouring rush’
- 2. (Equisetum telmateia subsp. telmateia) DIVISION: SPHENOPHYTA CLASS: CALAMOPSIDA ORDER:EQUISETALES FAMILY:EQUISETACEAE
- 3. Equisetum Commonly known as Horse tail or Scouring rush Majority in Northern temperate zone Damp & shady places Xerophyte – E. arvense Deposition of silica on outer epidermal wall
- 4. Sporophyte- Stem, Root, Leaves Perennial, prosrate, branched and creeping underground stem Aerial branches- Sterile & Fertile Rhizome, Aerial branches- Nodes, Internodes
- 6. Commonly known as Horse tail, snake grass, puzzle grass and scouring rushes World wide distribution Equisetum arvense – cosmopolitan E. giganteum- Largest sps E. arvense and E. debile-- Indian Equisetum is the only living genus in Equisetaceae, a family of vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds.
- 8. B at
- 9. The leaves of horsetails are arranged in whorls fused into nodal sheaths. The stems are green and photosynthetic, and are distinctive in being hollow, jointed and ridged There may or may not be whorls of branches at the nodes
- 10. Leaves… • Minute, scaly and isophyllous • Fuse at their bases to form a distinct sheath around the node • Single median vein • Non- photosynthetic • Protect branch bud at each node • PS carried out by green and sterile aerial branches of stem
- 11. Root… • Adventitious roots • Slender, fibrous • Branched roots • Branches arise endogenously from pericycle
- 12. Anatomy of stem • Shows both hydrophytic and xerophytic characters. • Node is different from internode
- 13. Stem
- 14. vallecular canal (cortical canal): In Equisetum and some of its fossil relatives, one of a number of large, air-filled, intercellular channels running the length of each internode and positioned approximately between the vascular bundles. They lie outside and are larger than the carinal canals. Carinal canal: In Equisetum and some of its fossil relatives, one of a number of longitudinal channels inside the metaxylem and formed by the disintegration of the protoxylem
- 15. Anatomy of root • Epidermis- Uniseriate, thin walled • Cortex- Outer sclerenchyma, Inner parenchyma • Intercellular space absent in outer cortex, present in inner cortex • Delimited by endodermis • Thickening on inner tangential wall- Casperian thickening/ bands • True pericycle absent • Protostele • Diarch to hexarch xylem • Pith absent
- 16. Xerophytic features.. • Presence of ridges and furrows • Epidermal cells with silica deposition • Presence of sunken stomata • Sclerenchymatous hypodermis • Reduced scaly leaves • Photosynthetic stem • Well developed vascular cylinder
- 17. Hydrophytic features.. • Well- developed aerating system • Vallecular, carinal canal • Reduced xylem
- 19. Reproduction… • Vegetative reproduction • Stem tubers (Arise from the nodes of rhizome) • Hard protective covering (Sclerenchyma) • Sexual- Spores • Sporangia borne on sporangiophore • Sporangiophore compactly arranged to form cone/ Strobili
- 20. Reproduction…
- 22. strobilus
- 24. Strobilus • Central axis and large no. of stalked sporangiophore • Sporangiophore arranged in whorls • Project outward from the axis • Hexagonal peltate disc • Along the lower side of margin 5-10 sporangia • Annulus- Scale like out growth called annulus present at the base of strobilus.
- 26. Gametophyte… • Spore germinate to form circular / lobed gametophyte called prothallus • Antheridia-Lobes of upright region • Archegonium- Basal portion
- 28. Fertilization..