1 3 Week Four: Evaluation Data Sources and Development of Instruments Jane Doe The University of Arizona Global Campus RES7440: Advanced Study in Qualitative Research (QAF135DS) Dr. John Doe September 21, 2021 Week Four: Evaluation Data Sources and Development of Instruments Overview of The Data Source A questionnaire is an instrument of research used to collect information from respondents and consists of questions and other prompts. A questionnaire can be open-ended or closed-ended although most research questionnaires are usually a mixture of the two. Questionnaires can be used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data depending on the type of research being conducted (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019). Open-ended questions in questionnaires allow the respondent to express their thoughts, unlike close-ended questions. A questionnaire may be used as an independent data source in research or can be administered as part of a survey. Questions in a questionnaire are usually simple and easy for the respondent to understand (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019). The main purpose of a questionnaire in research is to obtain data from the respondents. This data is in turn used to make meaningful insights regarding the research topic, such as hypothesis testing. According to Salemink et al., 2020, questionnaires help in accomplishing the research objectives (p.691). Through multiple-choice questions and ranking or rating scales, questionnaires help the researcher collect information on attitudes, behaviors, opinions, and preferences. Using closed-ended questions, the researcher gets to gather information based on facts. Another purpose of a questionnaire is to avoid bias in research because a well-written questionnaire collects accurate information and avoids bias (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019). A well-designed questionnaire allows a researcher to gather a lot of information within a short time and is therefore quick and cost-effective. Responses gathered from questionnaires can also be compared with historical data to determine changes in the choices and experiences of respondents. Questionnaires also allow for anonymity as respondents can answer the questions without revealing their identities. A good research questionnaire should be uniform so that all respondents answer the same questions. It should also be exploratory enough not to limit data collection. There should be a structured flow of questions in questionnaires so that participants can easily respond to them (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019). This data source is a study by Zou et al. which was published in 2020. The title of the study is "The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on firms: a survey in Guangdong Province, China". In this study, the authors aimed to assess how the pandemic has impacted firms. The researchers conducted a survey in 15 cities in Guangdong province and involved 524 firms in the study. The firm's executives were the respondents to the questionnaire which was developed from previous st ...

1. 1
3
Week Four: Evaluation Data Sources and Development of
Instruments
Jane Doe
The University of Arizona Global Campus
RES7440: Advanced Study in Qualitative Research
(QAF135DS)
Dr. John Doe
September 21, 2021
Week Four: Evaluation Data Sources and Development of
Instruments
Overview of The Data Source
A questionnaire is an instrument of research used to
collect information from respondents and consists of questions
and other prompts. A questionnaire can be open-ended or
closed-ended although most research questionnaires are usually
a mixture of the two. Questionnaires can be used to collect both
qualitative and quantitative data depending on the type of
research being conducted (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019). Open-
ended questions in questionnaires allow the respondent to
express their thoughts, unlike close-ended questions. A
questionnaire may be used as an independent data source in
research or can be administered as part of a survey. Questions
in a questionnaire are usually simple and easy for the
respondent to understand (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019).
The main purpose of a questionnaire in research is to obtain

2. data from the respondents. This data is in turn used to make
meaningful insights regarding the research topic, such as
hypothesis testing. According to Salemink et al., 2020,
questionnaires help in accomplishing the research objectives
(p.691). Through multiple-choice questions and ranking or
rating scales, questionnaires help the researcher collect
information on attitudes, behaviors, opinions, and preferences.
Using closed-ended questions, the researcher gets to gather
information based on facts. Another purpose of a questionnaire
is to avoid bias in research because a well-written questionnaire
collects accurate information and avoids bias (Mutepfa &
Tapera, 2019).
A well-designed questionnaire allows a researcher to gather a
lot of information within a short time and is therefore quick and
cost-effective. Responses gathered from questionnaires can also
be compared with historical data to determine changes in the
choices and experiences of respondents. Questionnaires also
allow for anonymity as respondents can answer the questions
without revealing their identities. A good research questionnaire
should be uniform so that all respondents answer the same
questions. It should also be exploratory enough not to limit data
collection. There should be a structured flow of questions in
questionnaires so that participants can easily respond to them
(Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019).
This data source is a study by Zou et al. which was published in
2020. The title of the study is "The impact of the Covid-19
pandemic on firms: a survey in Guangdong Province, China". In
this study, the authors aimed to assess how the pandemic has
impacted firms. The researchers conducted a survey in 15 cities
in Guangdong province and involved 524 firms in the study.
The firm's executives were the respondents to the questionnaire
which was developed from previous studies and consisted of 17
questions (Zou et al, 2020).
The questionnaire as a source of data was appropriate for this
study because it allowed the researchers to collect information
from their relatively large sample within a short time (10th to

3. 25th April 2020). The researchers were also able to meet their
research objectives such as confidentiality of information by
using the questionnaire (Zou et al, 2020). The questionnaire
allowed the researchers to explore various factors that were
potentially affected by Covid-19 in the firms by gathering
opinions as well as facts. These included such factors as
stability and response to a crisis. The questionnaire was also
appropriate as it allowed the researchers to explore the
expectations of the firms
Questionnaire
The following are the questionnaires that I will use as data
sources for my research:
Survey on the effects of working from home due to the Covid-
19 pandemic on workplace continuity
I. Employee
1a. Before the pandemic have you ever worked from home
before?
A. Yes
B. No
b. If yes, what level of prior training on working from home
have you received?
A. Untrained
B. Fairly trained
C. Highly trained
2. What challenges are you facing from having to work from
home?
3. What advantages do you see in working from home during the
pandemic?
4. On a scale of A-E, rate the company's efforts in ensuring
workplace continuity during this pandemic.
A. Very high
B. High
C. Average
D. Low
E. Very low
II. Employers

4. 1. To what extent has the pandemic affected production and
operations in your company?
A. Serious impacts that have led to difficulties in business
operations
B. Great impact where it is hard to maintain operations
C. Small impact that causes a little difficulty in business
operations although the company is stable
D. No impact
E. Positive impact that has presented new opportunities
2. What are the challenges your firm is currently facing?
A. Salaries and insurance
B. Accounts payable
C. Loan repayments
D. Rent
E. Cancellation of orders
3. With most employees working from home due to the
Covid-19 pandemic, have your company reduced or increased
the number of employees?
A. Reduced
B. Remained the same
C. Increased
4. What is the company's contingency plan for critical roles
now that employees are working from home?
5. How is the company ensuring that communication is
maintained even as employees work from home?
6. What is the main challenge that the company is facing in
maintaining workplace continuity?
A. Engaging employees
B. Communication challenges
C. Operational costs
D. Appropriate tools for remote work
7. Briefly explain your choice in 6 above.
References
Mutepfa, M. M., & Tapera, R. (2019). Traditional survey and
questionnaire platforms. Handbook of Research Methods in
Health Social Sciences, 541-558. Retrieved from

5. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roy-
Tapera/publication/323168303_Traditional_Survey_and_Questi
onnaire_Platforms/links/5a89bed4aca272017e62161c/Traditiona
l-Survey-and-Questionnaire-Platforms.pdf
Salemink, I., Dufour, S., & van der Steen, M. (2020). A vision
on future advanced data collection. Statistical Journal of the
IAOS, 36(3), 685–699. https://doi-org.proxy-
library.ashford.edu/10.3233/SJI-200658
Zou, P., Huo, D., & Li, M. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19
pandemic on firms: a survey in Guangdong Province,
China. Global Health Research and Policy, 5(1), 1-10.
https://doi-org.proxy-library.ashford.edu/10.1186/s41256-020-
00166-z
1
Week
Four
:
Evaluation Data Sources and Development of Instrume
nts
Jane Doe

6. The
University
of Arizona Global Campus
RES74
40
:
Advanced Study
in Qualitative Research
(QA
F135DS
)
Dr.
John Doe
September
21,
2021
1
Week Four: Evaluation Data Sources and Development of
Instruments
Jane Doe

7. The University of Arizona Global Campus
RES7440: Advanced Study in Qualitative Research
(QAF135DS)
Dr. John Doe
September 21, 2021
10/1/21, 12:36 AM
https://au.waypointoutcomes.com/assessment/23750/preview
https://au.waypointoutcomes.com/assessment/23750/preview 1/2
Description:
Total Possible Score: 29.00
Distinguished - Chooses two different methodological
approaches to studying desired topic and eloquently describes
them.
Proficient - Chooses two different methodological approaches to
studying desired topic and describes them.
Basic - Chooses one different methodological approach to
studying desired topic and describes it.
Below Expectations - Does not correctly describe two different
methodological approaches to studying desired topic.
Non-Performance - Does not choose two different
methodological approaches to studying desired topic.
Distinguished - Eloquently describes the research problem,
questions, and inquiry approaches to be used for the
methodological

8. approaches. Provides support from the literature.
Proficient - Describes the research problem, questions, and
inquiry approaches to be used for the methodological
approaches.
Provides support from the literature.
Basic - Describes the research problem, questions, and inquiry
approaches to be used for the methodological approaches.
Below Expectations - Incorrectly describes the research
problem, questions, and inquiry approaches to be used for the
methodological approaches.
Non-Performance - Does not describe the research problem,
questions, and inquiry approaches to be used for the
methodological approaches.
Distinguished - Correctly describes how the design addresses
the problem, purpose and research question(s) of the study.
Gives
eloquent explanation.
Proficient - Correctly describes how the design addresses the
problem, purpose, and research question(s) of the study. Gives
adequate explanation.
Basic - Correctly describes how the design addresses the
problem, purpose, and research question(s) of the study.
Below Expectations - Incorrectly describes how the design
addresses the problem, purpose, and research question(s) of the
study.
Non-Performance - Does not describe how the design addresses
the problem, purpose, and research question(s) of the study.

9. Distinguished - Eloquently describes procedures in place to
ensure trustworthiness of data. Provides support from the
literature.
Proficient -Describes procedures in place to ensure
trustworthiness of data. Provides support from the literature.
Basic - Describes procedures in place to ensure trustworthiness
of data.
Below Expectations - Incorrectly describes procedures in place
to ensure trustworthiness of data.
Non-Performance - Does not describe procedures in place to
ensure trustworthiness of data.
Distinguished - Displays meticulous comprehension and
organization of syntax and mechanics, such as spelling and
grammar.
Written work contains no errors and is very easy to understand.
Proficient - Displays comprehension and organization of syntax
and mechanics, such as spelling and grammar. Written work
contains only a few minor errors and is mostly easy to
understand.
RES7440.W6A1.09.2018
Chooses Two Different Methodological Approaches (Different
from Intended
Design if Have One) to Studying Desired Topic
Total: 4.35

10. Describes the Research Problem, Questions, and Inquiry
Approaches Used for
the Methodological Approaches
Total: 4.35
Describes the Problem, Purpose, and Research Question(s) the
Specific Case
Study Design Addresses
Total: 4.35
Describes Procedures in Place to Ensure Trustworthiness of
Data Total: 4.35
Written Communication: Control of Syntax and Mechanics
Total: 5.80
10/1/21, 12:36 AM
https://au.waypointoutcomes.com/assessment/23750/preview
https://au.waypointoutcomes.com/assessment/23750/preview 2/2
Basic - Displays basic comprehension of syntax and mechanics,
such as spelling and grammar. Written work contains a few
errors which may slightly distract the reader.
Below Expectations - Fails to display basic comprehension of
syntax or mechanics, such as spelling and grammar. Written
work
contains major errors which distract the reader.
Non-Performance - The assignment is either nonexistent or
lacks the components described in the instructions.

11. Distinguished - Uses more than the required number of
scholarly sources, providing compelling evidence to support
ideas. All
sources on the reference page are used and cited correctly
within the body of the assignment.
Proficient - Uses the required number of scholarly sources to
support ideas. All sources on the reference page are used and
cited correctly within the body of the assignment.
Basic - Uses less than the required number of sources to support
ideas. Some sources may not be scholarly. Most sources on
the reference page are used within the body of the assignment.
Citations may not be formatted correctly.
Below Expectations - Uses an inadequate number of sources
that provide little or no support for ideas. Sources used may not
be
scholarly. Most sources on the reference page are not used
within the body of the assignment. Citations are not formatted
correctly.
Non-Performance - The assignment is either nonexistent or
lacks the components described in the instructions.
Distinguished - Accurately uses APA formatting consistently
throughout the paper, title page, and reference page.
Proficient - Exhibits APA formatting throughout the paper.
However, layout contains a few minor errors.
Basic - Exhibits limited knowledge of APA formatting
throughout the paper. However, layout does not meet all APA
requirements.

12. Below Expectations - Fails to exhibit basic knowledge of APA
formatting. There are frequent errors, making the layout
difficult to
distinguish as APA.
Non-Performance - The assignment is either nonexistent or
lacks the components described in the instructions.
Written Communication: Resource Requirement Total: 2.90
Written Communication: APA Formatting Total: 2.90
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