The document provides details about the industrial training completed by the author at Micro Vision Satellite Systems (Pvt) Ltd from October 2016 to April 2017. It discusses the key areas of learning including satellite communication systems, terrestrial TV distribution, standardization practices, and transmission technologies. It also describes several projects handled by the author during the training, providing insights into practical skills developed. The training experience helped widen the author's industrial practice and technical skills in satellite and terrestrial television distribution fields.

1. National Apprentice & Industrial
Training Authority
Report on Industrial Training
At
Micro Vision Satellite Systems (Pvt) Ltd
Colombo – 05
University College of Ratmalana
Name : N.W.D Chamira Lakmal
Student Number : RT/TCT/15/0007
Course : Higher National Diploma in Telecommunication
Technology (NVQ 6)
Field : Satellite Systems and Terrestrial TV Distribution and
receiving systems
Period : 03/Oct/2016 to 17/April/2017 (6 months)

2. i
Preface
After achieving the proper goal in life, every person has to enter in professional life.
According to this life, he has to serve an industry, may be public or private sector
or self-own. For the efficient work in the field, he must be well aware of the practical
knowledge as well as theoretical knowledge.
After completing the Telecommunication Technology NVQ Level 5 academic, I joined
the Micro Vision Satellite Systems (Pvt) Ltd. as a Field Technician to gain this practical
knowledge. It was an industrial training of six months. I started working on 03/10/2016
and completed it on 17/04/2017.
In this period at Micro Vision Satellite Systems (Pvt) Ltd, I attended several field work
projects (Telecommunication Project) related work. They were very good opportunities
to practice my theoretical knowledge. There were SMATV, MATV projects and also
Shangri-La Colombo, MAS Active, Nawaloka Hospital, Induruwa Beach Hotel. First I
attended them as a trainee and in the last month I was in charge and I gave the training
to another trainee. By this I was able to widen my industrial practice and technical skills.
This report basically includes core points of the practical knowledge that I gained from
my industrial training and the service of the Micro Vision Satellite Systems (Pvt) Ltd.
In addition, here I have mentioned their key services, products and ethical values
towards people and technology.

3. ii
Acknowledgement
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without
the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend
my sincere thanks to all of them.
The industrial training opportunity I had with Micro Vision Satellite Systems (Pvt) Ltd
was a great opportunity for learning and professional development. Therefore, I
consider myself as a very lucky individual as I was provided with an opportunity to be
a part of it. I am also grateful for having a chance to meet so many Contractors, Project
managers, Project Coordinators and professionals such as Mr. Mevan Nugaliyadda
(Director General), Mr. Deshika Nugaliyadda (HR Manager), Mr. Priyankara Lakshan
(Engineering Manager), Mr. Nadan (Engineer MATV/SMATV), Mr. Thushara and
Manoj (Assistant Engineer) who led me though this internship period.
In addition, I am highly indebted to NAITA and the University College of Ratmalana
academic and non-academic staff for their guidance and constant supervision as well as
for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in
completing the project.
I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to our lecturers Mrs. Saikrisha
and Mr. Surath Jayasinghe for giving me such attention and time. Then I would like to
thank my parents & family members for their kind co-operation and encouragement
which help me in completion of this project.
At last, my thanks and appreciations also go to my colleagues in developing the project
and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

4. iii
Table of Content
Chapter 1 ......................................................................................................................v
1.0 Introduction about Training Institute .................................................................1
1.1 About Training Organization ...............................................................................1
1.1.1 Company Details ...........................................................................................1
1.1.2 Nature of Business.........................................................................................1
1.1.3 Organization Chart ........................................................................................2
1.2 Co-operate Plan....................................................................................................3
1.2.1 Products and services.....................................................................................3
1.2.2 Vision.............................................................................................................3
1.2.3 Mission ..........................................................................................................3
Chapter 2 ......................................................................................................................4
2.0 Training Experience at the Institute ....................................................................4
2.1 Satellite communication.......................................................................................4
2.1.1 Satellite Orbits...............................................................................................5
2.1.2 Satellite Bands ...............................................................................................6
2.1.3 All Satellite’s in Asia & Pacific ....................................................................8
2.2 Terrestrial Communication ................................................................................22
2.2.1 Headend Design Technology.......................................................................22
2.2.2 Digital Video Broadcasting .........................................................................25
2.2.3 PAL B/G CHANNEL FREQUENCY CHART ..........................................27
2.3 Standardization...................................................................................................31
2.3.1 Standards Organizations..............................................................................31
2.3.2 National Standardization Organizations......................................................32
2.4 Transmission ......................................................................................................34
2.4.1 Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex Communication...........................35
2.4.2 Electromagnetic waves................................................................................36
2.5 Projects Handled ................................................................................................42
2.5.1 Project 01.....................................................................................................42

5. iv
2.5.2 Project 02.....................................................................................................46
2.5.3 Project 03.....................................................................................................50
2.5.4 Project 04.....................................................................................................57
Chapter 3 ....................................................................................................................59
Conclusion................................................................................................................59

6. v
Table of Figures
Figure 1 Company Logo ................................................................................................1
Figure 2 Satellite Orbits.................................................................................................4
Figure 3 GEO State Orbit ..............................................................................................5
Figure 4 Intersatellite Links...........................................................................................5
Figure 5 Satellite Frequencies and Band .......................................................................6
Figure 6 Asia Pacific Satellites......................................................................................8
Figure 7 AsiaSat 7 receiving details 1 .........................................................................10
Figure 8 AsiaSat 7 receiving details 2 ........................................................................10
Figure 9 Footprint Asia Region ...................................................................................11
Figure 10 Footprint Global ..........................................................................................11
Figure 11 Free to Air Channel List 1...........................................................................12
Figure 12 Free to Air Channel List 2...........................................................................12
Figure 13 Apstar7 Footprint.........................................................................................13
Figure 14 SMATV Installing Architect 2 ...................................................................14
Figure 15 SMATV Installing Architecture 1...............................................................14
Figure 16 Satellite Dish and LNB................................................................................15
Figure 17 SMATV Dish...............................................................................................16
Figure 18 Universal LNB's ..........................................................................................17
Figure 19 Multiplexer ..................................................................................................18
Figure 20 Combine Different Frequencies to One Output...........................................18
Figure 21 Multiband Amplifier....................................................................................19
Figure 22 TV-SAT Amplifier ......................................................................................20
Figure 23 Headend Design...........................................................................................22
Figure 24 Headend Balancing......................................................................................22
Figure 25 MATV in Analog and Digital......................................................................23
Figure 26 Multiplexers.................................................................................................24
Figure 27 Electro Magnetic Waves..............................................................................36
Figure 28 Frequencies Spectrum .................................................................................37
Figure 29 MATV System Architecture........................................................................44
Figure 30 Project Schematic Diagram .........................................................................48
Figure 31 Invoice 2 ......................................................................................................49
Figure 32 Invoice1 .......................................................................................................49

7. vi
Figure 33 AutoCAD Drawing......................................................................................49
Figure 34 MATV Equipment ( Before Install) ............................................................50
Figure 35 MATV Equipment ( After Install)..............................................................51
Figure 36 Status After Repair ......................................................................................52
Figure 37 Head End .....................................................................................................57
Figure 38 Signal Analyzer Measurements 1...............................................................57
Figure 39 Signal Analyzer Measurements 2................................................................57
Figure 40 Signal Analyzer Measurements 4................................................................58
Figure 41 Signal Analyzer Measurements 3................................................................58
Figure 42 TILT level....................................................................................................58
Figure 43 Channel Summery Report ...........................................................................58

8. 1
Chapter 1
1.0 Introduction about Training Institute
1.1 About Training Organization
1.1.1 Company Details
Address : No 89, Kirula Road, Colombo -05, Sri Lanka
Phone : 011 2446519 / 011 2369232
Fax : 011 4979378
E-mail : sales@microvsat.com / technical@microvsat.com
Web : www.microvsat.com
1.1.2 Nature of Business
Micro Vision was established in 1990 aiming to develop Satellite Communication
Technology in Sri Lanka. In 1997, Micro Vision has been converted to a private limited
liability Company and recognized as Micro Vision Satellite Systems (Pvt) Ltd. Through
the constant dedication towards the research and development Micro Vision has been
able to reach at a top position enterprise of its kind within a short period of time. Due
to the commitment and dedication towards the rapid development in the industry, we
have been recognized for National awards by the Ceylon National Chamber of
Industries in the year 2003 & 2004.
During the past, our services have been enlisted always by many Government
Institutions in Sri Lanka, such as Presidential secretariat, Sri Lanka army, Navy and
Air Force, Sri Lanka police, National intelligence bureau, Ministry of media and
Information, Sri Lanka Parliament, Official residence complex of Hon: speaker of the
Parliament and many foreign diplomatic missions in Sri Lanka for reception of Satellite
Figure 1 Company Logo

9. 2
TV/ Terrestrial TV requirements due to exceptional performance and reliability of the
systems supplied installed & commissioned by us.
1.1.3 Organization Chart
Share Holders
Board of Directors
Acting General
Manager ( Mevan
Nugaliyadda)
Head of Engineering
(Under MD)
Engineering Manager
(Priyankara Lakshan)
Chief Engineer ( V
Shanmuganadan)
Field Technician-1
(Chamira Lakmal)
Field Technician-2
Field Technician-3
Driver -1
Head of Operations
(Under GM)
Operation Manager
(Under Eng Manager)
Project Coordinator
(Ilham Iqbal)
Assistant Engineer -1
(Indika Thushara)
Assistant Engineer -2
(Manoj Cooray)
Site Supervisor 1
Driver -2
Head of Sales
Marketing HR &
Logistics (Under GM)
H R Manager
Marketing Manager
(Outsourced)
Brand Promotions
Advertising &
Marketing Division
Logistic Import /
Export Division
Business Promotion
Officer Outsourced
Outsourced Head of
Finance (Babeendran
S)
Accountant (Under
Head of Finance)
Accounts Book Keeper
(Samanthika
Sandanayake)
Multi Duty Clark
(Mohomad Shakeel)
Other Staff
Vacant Position
Head of
Administration &
Inventory Control
(Deshika Nugaliyadda)
Inventory Manager
(Under Head of Admin
Project Coordinator
(Ilham Iqbal)
Multi Duty Clark
(Mohomad Shakeel)
Other Staff
Vacant Position
Legal Adviser Auditor
Accounting
Inventory Sales &
Cashier
Chairman / CEO
(Palitha Nugaliyada)
President / CFO
(Tamara Nugaliyadde)

10. 3
1.2 Co-operate Plan
1.2.1 Products and services
Today our products and services guarantees with
International standards as verified by our esteemed customers for the past 24 years.
Micro Vision Satellite Systems (Pvt) Ltd is fully proficient in Manufacturing, Supply,
Installation and Maintenance of domestic Satellite TV Systems up to commercial grade
Satellite Receiving earth stations. At present, Micro Vision is geared with well-trained
Technical Staff, Electronics Division, Satellite Dish Manufacturing Division, Service
& Installation Team and a sales facility situated in the heart of Colombo. Company also
provides services such as consultation, Designing/installation of SMATV/ MATV
systems for tourist Hotels, Hospitals, Apartments, housing projects & Residences
jointly with Europe's leading MATV product ALCAD™. Micro Vision is the exclusive
partner for ALCAD MATV I SMATV High frequency products in Sri Lanka since the
year 2000.
In keeping with the pace of new developments in the industry, we have established an
IT division dedicated for research, design and implementation of IP based Television
distribution systems and allied new technologies.
In 2009, the renewable energy division was established and embarked on research,
development and absorb prevailing up dated technologies in Solar. Wind and Hydro
Power Industry
In the latter part of the year 2013, Micro Vision affiliated with Mitsubishi Electric Solar
Photovoltaic division to cater solar-net metering systems and solutions for Home and
commercial applications
1.2.2 Vision
To be the market leader in integrated system solutions in IP based satellite TV and allied
converged technologies prevails in the Global arena.
1.2.3 Mission
To deliver process optimized, client specific, IT enabled with digitally enhanced
performance by focusing towards quality rich global products and services to our
valued customers.

11. 4
Chapter 2
2.0 Training Experience at the Institute
2.1 Satellite communication
Satellite communication is one of the most impressive spinoffs from the space
programs and has made a major contribution to the pattern of international
communications. A communication satellite is basically an electronic communication
package placed in orbit whose prime objective is to initiate or assist communication
transmission of information or message from one point to another through space. The
information transferred most often corresponds to voice (telephone), video (television),
and digital data
1957 with the U.S.S.R.’s launch of the first artificial satellite, called Sputnik,
Geostationary satellite (GEO) 35784km away from the earth
High elliptical orbiting satellite (HEO) 35,000km away from the earth
Middle-earth orbiting satellite (MEO) 1,8000km away from the earth
Low-earth-orbiting satellite (LEO) 1,600km away from the earth
Figure 2 Satellite Orbits

12. 5
2.1.1 Satellite Orbits
GEO
geostationary satellite has also been called a geosynchronous
or synchronous orbit, or simply a geosatellite. 35784km away
from the earth,
Velocity 11300 km/hr same rotational velocity as Earth. Long
distance from earth it gives large coverage area. Distance also
cause week signal and time delay
MEO
These orbits are primarily reserved for communications satellites that covers the North
and South pole. MEO are placed in an elliptical orbit
LEO
Low earth orbit satellite is much closer to the earth than GEO, ranging from 500-
1500km above the surface. Smaller coverage area. Reduce transmission delay
LEO Satellites don’t stay in fixed position relative to the surface and are only visible
for 15-20 minutes each pass
Figure 4 Intersatellite Links
ISL – Inter satellite Links
GWL – Gateway Link
UML – User Mobile Link
Figure 3 GEO State Orbit

13. 6
2.1.2 Satellite Bands
L-band (1–2 GHz)
Global Positioning System (GPS) carriers and also satellite mobile phones, such as
Iridium; Inmarsat providing communications at sea, land and air; World Space
satellite radio.
S-band (2–4 GHz)
Weather radar, surface ship radar, and some communications satellites, especially
those of NASA for communication with ISS and Space Shuttle. In May 2009,
Inmarsat and Solaris mobile (a joint venture between Eutelsat and Astra) were
awarded each a 2×15 MHz portion of the S-band by the European Commission.
C-band (4–8 GHz)
Primarily used for satellite communications, for full-time satellite TV networks or raw
satellite feeds. Commonly used in areas that are subject to tropical rainfall, since it is
less susceptible to rain fade than Ku band (the original Telstar satellite had a
transponder operating in this band, used to relay the first live transatlantic TV signal
in 1962).
Figure 5 Satellite Frequencies and Band

14. 7
X-band (8–12 GHz)
Primarily used by the military. Used in radar applications including continuous-wave,
pulsed, single-polarization, dual- polarization, synthetic aperture radar and phased
arrays. X-band radar frequency sub-bands are used in civil, military and government
institutions for weather monitoring, air traffic control, maritime vessel traffic control,
defense tracking and vehicle speed detection for law enforcement.
Ku-band (12–18 GHz)
Used for satellite communications. In Europe, Ku-band downlink is used from 10.7
GHz to 12.75 GHz for direct broadcast satellite services, such as Astra.
Ka-band (26–40 GHz)
Next big thing for satellite technology
Communications satellites, uplink in either the 27.5 GHz and 31 GHz bands, and
high-resolution, close-range targeting radars on military aircraft.
The higher frequency Ka-band allows use of antennas smaller quarter the size of their
Ku the higher the frequency/smaller the wavelength, the more susceptible it is to
weather and atmospheric interference
Disadvantages:
1. When high frequencies are transmitted and received in a heavy rain fall area,
noticeable signal degradation occurs and is proportional to the amount of rain
fall.
2. Downlink: Rain dissipates 3 to 10 times more energy at Ka-band than at Ku-
band (11 GHz vs. 20 GHz)
3. Uplink: Rain dissipates 63 to 400 times more energy at Ka-band than at Ku-
band (14 GHz vs. 30 GHz)

15. 8
2.1.3 All Satellite’s in Asia & Pacific
Figure 6 Asia Pacific Satellites

16. 9
AsiaSat 7 at 105.5°E
Satellite Name: AsiaSat 7 (AsiaSat 5C)
Status: active
Position: 105° E (105.5° E)
NORAD: 37933
Cospar number: 2011-069A
Operator: Asia Satellite Telecommunications Co. Ltd.
Launch date: 25-Nov-2011
Launch site: Baikonur Cosmodrome
Launch vehicle: Proton M
Launch mass (kg): 3760
Dry mass (kg):
Manufacturer: Space Systems Loral (SSL)
Model (bus): LS-1300
Orbit: GEO
Expected lifetime: 15 yrs.
Call sign:
Beacon(s):
Details:
28 C-band and 17 Ku-band transponders and a Ka-band payload. Its region-wide high
power C-band beam covers Asia, the Middle East, Australasia and Central Asia, with
Ku-band beams serving East Asia, South Asia and a steerable Ku beam.
Beams:
C-band Global beam (active)
Ku-band East Asia beam (active)
Ku-band South Asia beam (active)
Ku-band Steerable beam (active)

17. 10
Channel Receiving Details Ratmalana University College
Figure 7 AsiaSat 7 receiving details 1
Figure 8 AsiaSat 7 receiving details 2

18. 11
ASIASAT7 Footprint
Asia
Figure 9 Footprint Asia Region
Global
Figure 10 Footprint Global

19. 12
Free to Air Channel List MPEG4/ MPEG2 Compression
Figure 11 Free to Air Channel List 1
Figure 12 Free to Air Channel List 2

20. 13
APSTAR-7 Characteristics
Model TAS SB 4000C2
Orbit position 76.5°E
Mission life >15 years
Station keeping ±0.05° (E/W, N/S)
Payload C-band Ku-band
Coverage Asia, Australia, China, Middle East,
Europe, Africa Africa, steerable beam
Transponder 28 28
EIRP 32~41dBW 43~56dBW
G/T -10~+1dB/K -4~+11dB/K
Gain control FGM and ALC FGM and ALC
Polarization Dual linear polarization Dual linear polarization
Cross-strap Cross-strap between all 4 Ku
beams
Figure 13 Apstar7 Footprint

21. 14
Individual installation with TV-SAT head-end amplifier
Individual installation of terrestrial and satellite TV. The head-end amplifier is
connected to a UHF antenna and to an individual parabolic antenna. A mast multiplexer
should be used if the signal is received from several terrestrial TV antennas. The LNB
is fed and controlled from the individual receiver, through the head-end amplifier.
Figure 15 SMATV Installing Architecture 1
Figure 14 SMATV Installing Architect 2

22. 15
Satellite Receiving Equipment’s SATELLITE DISHES AND LNBS
Description
Offset type parabolic antenna with high gain
and efficiency with universal single LNB
included. The assembly of the antenna is
simple, once installed it is very robust and
assures great orientation stability. The
packaging includes fittings which avoid
damage to the dish during transportation.
Applications
Suitable for individual satellite TV
installations. The antenna is available in two sizes: 85 cm x 80 cm and 65 cm x 60 cm.
Characteristics
Robust antenna with great resistance to sun and saltpeter. The dish is made from epoxy
covered galvanized steel and the accessories are of galvanized iron. Supplied in an
individual or multiple pack.
Accessories
9980009 PI-101 Dish stand.
9980018 BE-201 Base for dish stand for embedding.
9980063 BZ-400 Dish support.
Figure 16 Satellite Dish and LNB

23. 16
Description
Fiberglass offset parabolic antenna with high
gain and efficiency. The assembly of the
antenna is simple, once installed it is very
robust and assures great orientation stability.
The packaging includes fittings which avoid
damage to the dish during transportation.
Applications
Suitable for individual satellite TV or
SMATV installations. The antenna
measures 89cm x 78cm.
Characteristics
Highly robust antenna with great resistance to sun and saltpeter. The dish is made of
polyester with an inserted metallic mesh. The accessories for fixing the antenna are
made of galvanized iron.
Accessories
9980009 PI-101 Dish stand.
9980018 BE-201 Base for dish stand for embedding.
9980063 BZ-400 Dish support.
Figure 17 SMATV Dish

24. 17
Description
LNB for offset parabolic antennas.
The range consists of universal
single, twin and quad LNBs for
individual installations; and universal
Quattro LNBs for collective
installations.
Characteristics
Characterized by its high stability in
frequency and high gain. The very
low noise level provides quality reception in areas of weak signal.
Figure 18 Universal LNB's

25. 18
Multiplexers - SAT TV
Description
Multiplexers for masts which combine the
signals of terrestrial TV and FM radio with
the IF satellite signal from the LNB. The
resulting signal is distributed by a single
coaxial cable.
Applications
Individual or SMATV installations. The
mast multiplexer enables the distribution
of the satellite signal to the interior of the building when it is not possible to add a new
cable for the satellite.
Characteristics
Shielded zamak chassis, covered by an ABS
plastic box for outdoor use. Fixed to the mast
by means of a polyamide clamp. F-type
connectors. Supplied in individual or multiple
packs.
Accessories
9120039 CM-004 Male F connector for
Ø6.6mm coaxial.
9080023 MC-302 Male F connector for RG-6 coaxial, Ø7.0 mm.
Figure 19 Multiplexer
Figure 20 Combine Different Frequencies to One Output

26. 19
MULTIBAND AMPLIFIERS
TV-SAT head-end amplifiers
Description
TV and SAT broadband head-end
amplifier. They independently
amplify the terrestrial TV and satellite
IF bands, distribute both bands
through their four outputs
continuously. The built-in power
supply unit can automatically feed a
preamplifier. The LNB is fed from the
SAT receiver, through the amplifier.
Applications
Designed for use in individual, analogue and digital, terrestrial and satellite TV
installations, with several TV outlets. Used as a single piece of equipment to treat all
terrestrial and satellite TV signals, greatly simplifying the installation. An individual
satellite receiver can be connected to any of the outlets of the building.
Characteristics
Made from ABS plastic with an internal chassis of zamak giving maximum shielding.
F type connectors in nickel-plated iron which affords a connection of minimum
mismatching and maximum shielding. The power supply unit is insulated from the rest
of the high frequency circuit, complying with safety standards for both the installer and
the user.
Accessories
9020040 MM-207 UHF and VHF/FM multiplexer.
9120039 CM-004 Male F connector for Ø6.6 mm coaxial cable.
9080023 MC-302 Male F connector for RG-6 coaxial cable, Ø 7.0 mm.
9120011 RS-275 F load 75 􀂟.
9080030 MC-304 Male compression F connector for RG-6 coaxial, Ø7.0 mm.
Figure 21 Multiband Amplifier

27. 20
TV-SAT High gain head-end amplifiers
Description
TV-SAT Broadband head-end amplifier
with several inputs. They independently
amplify the terrestrial TV and satellite IF
bands, distribute both bands through the
output. Has two outputs, one with both
terrestrial and satellite TV amplified, the
other with the terrestrial TV amplified
but with the satellite signal from the
SAT2 multiplexing input unamplified. It has a voltage switch and 22 KHz tone in order
to select the polarity of an individual LNB. The built-in power supply unit can feed up
to five preamplifiers and a LNB automatically.
Applications
Designed for medium to large analogue and digital SMATV installations. Used as a
single piece of equipment to treat all terrestrial and satellite TV signals, greatly
Figure 22 TV-SAT Amplifier

28. 21
simplifying the installation. To amplify the second satellite polarity, it is necessary to
add an external SAT amplifier.
Characteristics
Made from zamak and galvanized plate for maximum shielding. Separate housings for
the power supply unit and the high frequency circuit. F-type connectors, located on the
lower part to make installation easier.
Accessories
9040003 CA-730 Head-end SAT amplifier.
9120039 CM-004 Male F connector for Ø6.6 mm coaxial cable.
9080023 MC-302 Male F connector for RG-6 coaxial cable, Ø7.0 mm.
9080030 MC-304 Male compression F connector for RG-6 coaxial, Ø7.0 mm

29. 22
2.2 Terrestrial Communication
2.2.1 Headend Design Technology
TV head-end with COFDM-PAL trans modulators
Analogue and digital terrestrial head-end reception consisting of a set of COFDM-PAL
Trans modulators for digital terrestrial channels with RF distribution and a set of
monochannel amplifiers for analogue terrestrial TV.
Figure 23 Headend Design
Equipment with channel processors
Channel processor equipment (905-PC) installed with monochannel amplifiers where
it is shown how to mount the modules. It is recommended to connect the multiplexing
and diplexing bridge as referred in the schema. It is necessary to use isolated F loads to
avoid short-circuits on the diplexing in case a preamplifier is used on the installation
Figure 24 Headend Balancing

30. 23
Equipment with multichannel amplifiers and couplers for digital channels
Complete 905-ZG or 905-ZP equipment showing the method of assembly. Each
multichannel module amplifies several channels, normally one analogue channel and
several digital channels. The coupler permits the addition of digital channels to an
existing equipment with the minimum insertion loss.
Figure 25 MATV in Analog and Digital

31. 24
MAST MULTIPLEXERS
Description
Multiplexers for masts, universal or by
bands, of two inputs. They mix the signals
from several antennas in a single coaxial
cable. They incorporate switchable DC
paths to permit the feeding of a
preamplifier.
Applications
Individual digital and analogue terrestrial
TV installations. In installations where the
reception levels are adequate (60 to
75dBμV) the signals of all the antennas
can be combined to distribute them in the
building with a single coaxial cable.
Characteristics
Shielded zamak chassis, covered by an
ABS plastic box for outdoor use. Fixed to
the mast by means of a polyamide clamp.
F-type connectors. Supplied in individual
or multiple packs.
Accessories
9120039 CM-004 Male F connector for Ø6.6mm coaxial.
9080023 MC-302 Male F connector for RG-6 coaxial, Ø7.0 mm
Figure 26 Multiplexers

32. 25
2.2.2 Digital Video Broadcasting
DVB-C (Digital Video Broadcasting Cable)
Broadcast transmission of digital television over cable this system transmits on MPEG-
2 or MPEG-4 family digital Audio/Video stream using a QAM modulation with
channel coding
DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial)
Offer their different modulation schema QPSK/16QAM/64QAM using mainly VHF
7MHz / UHF 8MHz. DVB-T2 is a second generation
DVB-S (Digital Video Broadcasting Satellite)
Second generation DVB-S2 is a digital television broadcast standard system it was
develop in 2003
DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting Hand held)
Mobile TV format

33. 26
BER
Bit error rate
3
10
BER 0.3 or 30%
Affecting factors
o Interference
o Reduce Bandwidth
o Increase Transmitter power
MER
Modulation Error Ratio 𝑀𝐸𝑅( 𝑑𝐵) = 10 log
𝑃 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝑃 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
Ratio of the power of signal and the power of background noise
SNR
Signal Noise ratio is the ratio of the detected signal to uncertainly of the signal
measurement
Error bit
Transmitted bit

34. 27
2.2.3 PAL B/G CHANNEL FREQUENCY CHART
SL.NO CHANNEL VIDEO (MHz) Audio (MHz)
BAND I
1 E2 48.25 53.75
2 E3 55.25 60.75
3 E4 62.25 67.75
MID BAND
4 X 69.25 74.75
5 Y 76.25 81.75
6 Z 83.25 88.75
7 Z+1 90.25 95.75
8 Z+2 97.25 102.75
9 S1 105.25 110.75
10 S2 112.25 117.75
11 S3 119.25 124.75
12 S4 126.25 131.75
13 S5 133.25 138.75
14 S6 140.25 145.75
15 S7 147.25 152.75
16 S8 154.25 159.75
17 S9 161.25 166.75
18 S10 168.25 173.75
BAND III
19 RUPAVAHINI E5 175.25 180.75
20 E6 182.25 187.75
21 EYE CHANNEL E7 189.25 194.75
22 E8 196.25 201.75
23 E9 203.25 208.75
24 VASANTHAM E10 210.25 215.75
25 E11 217.25 222.75
26 ITN E12 224.25 229.75
SUPER BAND
27 S11 231.25 236.75

35. 28
28 S12 238.25 243.75
29 S13 245.25 250.75
30 S14 252.25 257.75
31 S15 259.25 264.75
32 S16 266.25 271.75
33 S17 273.25 278.75
34 S18 280.25 285.75
35 S19 287.25 292.75
36 S20 294.25 299.75
HYPER BAND
37 S21 303.25 308.75
38 S22 311.25 316.75
39 S23 319.25 324.75
40 S24 327.25 332.75
41 S25 335.25 340.75
42 S26 343.25 348.75
43 S27 351.25 356.75
44 S28 359.25 364.75
45 S29 367.25 372.75
46 S30 375.25 380.75
47 S31 383.25 388.75
48 S32 391.25 396.75
49 S33 399.25 404.75
50 S34 407.25 412.75
51 S35 415.25 420.75
52 S36 423.25 428.75
53 S37 431.25 436.75
54 S38 439.25 444.75
55 S39 447.25 452.75
56 S40 455.25 460.75
57 S41 463.25 468.75

36. 29
UHF Channel List
SL.NO CHANNEL VIDEO (MHz) Audio (MHz)
58 TNL UHF 21 471.25 476.75
59 CSN UHF 22 479.25 484.75
60 SIRASA UHF 23 487.25 492.75
61 ITN UHF 24 495.25 500.75
62 SHAKTHI UHF 25 503.25 508.75
63 UHF 26 511.25 516.75
64 UHF 27 519.25 524.75
65 ART UHF 28 527.25 532.75
66 UHF 29 535.25 540.75
67 MAX UHF 30 543.25 548.75
68 SWARNAWAHINI UHF 31 551.25 556.75
69 SIYATHA UHF 32 559.25 564.75
70 UHF 33 567.25 572.75
71 UHF 34 575.25 580.75
72 UHF 35 583.25 588.75
73 UHF 36 591.25 596.75
74 UHF 37 599.25 604.75
75 UHF 38 607.25 612.75
76 UHF 39 615.25 620.75
77 UHF 40 623.25 628.75
78 UHF 41 631.25 636.75
79 UHF 42 639.25 644.75
80 UHF 43 647.25 652.75
81 UHF 44 655.25 660.75
82 HIRU UHF 45 663.25 668.75
83 UHF 46 671.25 676.75
84 UHF 47 679.25 684.75
85 UHF 48 687.25 692.75
86 UHF 49 695.25 700.75
87 SHRADDHA UHF 50 703.25 708.75
88 UHF 51 711.25 716.75

37. 30
89 UHF 52 719.25 724.75
90 UHF 53 727.25 732.75
91 UHF 54 735.25 740.75
92 UHF 55 743.25 748.75
93 UHF 56 751.25 756.75
94 UHF 57 759.25 764.75
95 MTV UHF 58 767.25 772.75
96 UHF 59 775.25 780.75
97 UHF 60 783.25 788.75
98 UHF 61 791.25 796.75
99 UHF 62 799.25 804.75
100 UHF 63 807.25 812.75
101 UHF 64 815.25 820.75
102 UHF 65 823.25 828.75
103 UHF 66 831.25 836.75
104 UHF 67 839.25 844.75
105 UHF 68 847.25 852.75
106 UHF 69 855.25 860.75

38. 31
2.3 Standardization
Communication networks are designed to serve a wide variety of users who are using
equipment from many different vendors. To design and build networks effectively,
standards are necessary to achieve interoperability, compatibility, and required
performance in a cost-effective manner.
1. Standards enable competition.
2. Standards lead to economies of scale in manufacturing and engineering.
3. Political interests often lead to different standards in Europe, Japan, and the
United States.
4. International standards are threats to the local industries of large countries but
opportunities to the industries of small countries.
5. Standards make the interconnection of systems from different vendors possible.
6. Standards make users and network operators vendor independent and improve
availability of the systems.
7. Standards make international services available.
2.3.1 Standards Organizations
Interested Parties
Network operators support standardization for these reasons:
• To improve the compatibility of telecommunications systems;
• To be able to provide wide-area or even international services;
• To be able to purchase equipment from multiple vendors.

39. 32
Equipment manufacturers participate in standardization for these reasons:
• To get information about future standards for their development activities as
early as possible;
• To support standards that are based on their own technologies;
• To prevent standardization if it opens their own markets.
Service users participate in standardization for these reasons:
• To support the development of standardized international services;
• To have access to alternative system vendors (multivendor networks);
• To improve the compatibility of their future network systems.
2.3.2 National Standardization Organizations
European Organizations
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is an independent body for
making standards for the European Community. Telecommunications network
operators and manufacturers participate in standardization work.
Conference Europeans des Administrations des Postes et des Telecommunications or
European Conference of Posts and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) was
doing the work of ETSI before the European Commission Green Paper opened
competition in Europe within the telecommunications market.
European Committee for Electro Technical Standardization/European Committee for
Standardization (CEN/CENELEC) is a joint organization for the standardization of
information technology. It corresponds to IEC/ISO on a global level and it handles
environmental and electromechanical aspects of telecommunications.

40. 33
American Organizations
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is one of the largest
professional societies in the world and it has produced many important standards for
telecommunications.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is not actually a standard body but a
regulatory body. It is a government organization that regulates wire and radio
communications.
Electronic Industries Association (EIA) is an American organization of electronic
equipment manufacturers. Many of its standards, such as those for connectors for
personal computers, have achieved global acceptance.
Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) has been developing global third
generation cellular systems together with ETSI from Europe and the Association of
Radio Industries and Broadcasting (ARIB) from Japan.
Global Organizations
International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) is a specialized agency of the United
Nations responsible for telecommunications.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) “R” stands for radio.
International Standards Organization/International Electrotechnical Commission
(ISO/IEC) is a joint organization responsible for the standardization of information
technology. ISO has done important work in the area of data communications and
protocols, and IEC in the area of electromechanical
(for example, connectors), environmental, and safety aspects.

41. 34
Other Organizations
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is responsible for the evolution of the Internet
architecture. It takes care of the standardization of the TCP/IP protocol suite used in the
Internet.
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Forum is an open organization
of cellular system manufacturers. Its goal is to define a third generation cellular system
that will receive worldwide acceptance and ensure compatibility among equipment
from different vendors.
Telemanagement Forum (TMF) is an organization of system manufacturers that works
to speed the development of network management standards. With the help of these
standards, telecommunications network operators will be able to control and supervise
their multivendor networks efficiently from the same management center.
2.4 Transmission
Transmission is the process of transporting information between end points of a system
or a network. Transmission systems use four basic media for information transfer from
one point to another:
1. Copper cables, such as those used in LANs and telephone subscriber lines;
2. Optical fiber cables, such as high-data-rate transmission in telecommunications
networks;
3. Radio waves, such as cellular telephones and satellite transmission;
4. Free-space optics, such as infrared remote controllers.

42. 35
Transmission may be two types
Baseband Transmission
Signal Transmission without modulation Ex: - PCM Transmission over the
twisted pair / (Cable PCM)
Band pass Transmission
Signal Transmission with modulation Ex: - Radio Transmission Optical Fiber
Transmission
2.4.1 Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex Communication
In telecommunications systems the transmission of information may be unidirectional or
bidirectional. The unidirectional systems that transmit in one direction only are called simplex,
and the bidirectional systems that are able to transmit in both directions are called duplex
systems. We can implement
bidirectional information transfer with half- or full-duplex transmission

43. 36
2.4.2 Electromagnetic waves
Electromagnetic energy can propagate as voltage or current over metallic wires
(Twisted pair / Coaxial / Optical fiber)
In optical fiber transmission infrared is used (light waves)
Electromagnetic spectrum divides in to number of sub bonds and ITU is International
responsible for allocating and managing (controlling) frequencies
ITU Former named as CCITT
ITU -International Telecommunication Union
CCITT –Consulting committee of international telephone and telegraph
In USA this responsibility held by FCC
In Sri Lanka TRC- Telecommunication Regulatory Commission
Figure 27 Electro Magnetic Waves

44. 37
2.4.3 The Visible Spectrum
Wavelengths of the visible region of the spectrum range from 700 nm for red light to
400 nm for violet light.
red 700 nm
orange 630
yellow 550
green 500
blue 450
violet 400
There is no need to memorize these numbers, but knowing that the visible region has
such a narrow range of 400-700 nm is handy at times when referring to certain light.
γ = Gamma rays
HX = Hard X-rays
SX = Soft X-Rays
EUV = Extreme-ultraviolet
NUV = Near-ultraviolet
Visible light (colored bands)
NIR = Near-infrared
MIR = Mid-infrared
FIR = Far-infrared
EHF = Extremely high frequency (microwaves)
SHF = Super-high frequency (microwaves)
UHF = Ultrahigh frequency (radio waves)
VHF = Very high frequency (radio)
HF = High frequency (radio)
Figure 28 Frequencies Spectrum

45. 38
MF = Medium frequency (radio)
LF = Low frequency (radio)
VLF = Very low frequency (radio)
VF = Voice frequency
ULF = Ultra-low frequency (radio)
SLF = Super-low frequency (radio)
ELF = Extremely low frequency(radio)
2.4.4 Satellite Band (GHz)
L S C X Ku K Ka
Communication Satellite Frequency Bands Allocation
Band Frequency range (GHz) Services
VHF 0.03–0.3 Messaging
UHF 0.3–1.0 Military, navigation mobile
L 1–2 Mobile, audio broadcast
radiolocation
S 2–4 Mobile navigation
C 4–8 Fixed
X 8–12 Military
Ku 12–18 Fixed video broadcast
K 18–27 Fixed
Ka 27–40 Fixed, audio broadcast,
intersatellite
mm waves >40 Intersatellite
1
2 4 8 12 18 26 40 GHz

46. 39
2.4.5 Modulation
One of the parameter (Amplitude / Frequency / Phase) of a carrier signal in according
to the amplitude of a modulating (information) signal
𝑣 = 𝑉𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝜋𝑓𝑡 + 𝜙)
Analog Modulation
Digital Modulation
Why Modulation
Avoid Interference
Providing Difference Frequencies on rational basis
Efficient Antenna Designing
Digital modulation is used to reduce the transmitted RF Bandwidth
Amplitude
(AM)
Frequency
(FM)
Phase
(PM)
Amplitude
Shift Key
(ASK)
Frequency
Shift Key
(FSK)
Phase
Shift Key
(PSK)
QAM

47. 40
2.4.6 Deci Bell (dB)
The unit Bell originally define as a power ratio
𝒅𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (
𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕
𝑷𝒊𝒏
)
dB is used to measure
Gain
Attenuation
Ratio such as signal to Noise
Career to Noise
Bit energy to Noise
Any signal power such as Transmit power
Receive power
Antenna output power etc. measured by using dBw or dBm
𝑑𝐵𝑚 = 10 log
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
1𝑚𝑊 (𝑟𝑒𝑓)
𝑑𝐵𝑤 = 10 log
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
1𝑊 (𝑟𝑒𝑓)
𝑑𝐵/𝜇 = 10 log
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
1/𝜇𝑊(𝑟𝑒𝑓)

48. 41
Relationship between dBw and dBm
1𝑊 = 1000𝑚𝑊
10 log (
1𝑊
1𝑊
) = 10 log (
1000𝑚𝑊
1𝑚𝑊
)
= 10 log 103
= 30 log(10)
𝑑𝐵𝑚 = 𝑑𝐵𝑤 + 30𝑑𝐵

49. 42
2.5 Projects Handled
2.5.1 Project 01
PROPOSED ALCAD R.F. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR LOCAL TV SERVICE
AT PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL APARTMENTS
ALEXANDRA RESIDENCE AT NO 02, ALEXANDRA STREET, WELLAWATTA,
COLOMBO-06 FOR 10 NO'S TV POINTS.
SOLUTION OVERVIEW
The proposed system is designed to carry broadcast of RF frequencies under the
declaration of conformity of signal emission standard EMC: EN 50083-2, EN 500, IEC
801-2:1991 / EN 50082-1:1992 8kV ADV, IEC 1000-4-3:1995 / EN 50082-1:1992
3V/m, and IEC 801-4:1988 / EN 50082-1:1992 0.5kV Sig. Lines, 1kV Power Lines for
technical features EN50083-3.
System has a fully scalable distribution system comprising RF amplification and
equalization equipment which could handle 47 MHz to 1000 MHz range.
The jelly filled cable which is sweep tested for 3Ghz is laid in designed architecture as
per the radio frequency distribution requirements. Accordingly, the home run cables
(installed by customer) will connect the wall outlet terminal to directional couplers in
vertical riser and the trunk line jelly filled RG 11cables will bridge the backbone system
which will be interlined between floors.
Directional couplers and the splitters are fabricated in formation to handle the load of
each route and the design which makes the system stable and has a carrier to carrier
deviation of levels less than 3.0 dbuv and minimum CN ratio of 12db.The F connector
with insertion loss of 0.5 dbuv will be crimped using crimp terminator tool to maintain
R.F distribution standards and 75Ohm terminators will be introduced to required
locations.

50. 43
The client will be enabling to connect their TV sets to the wall outlet and tune the
channels in preferred order and the guests will be able to change the channels using the
TV remote control.
Minimum 60 – 70dbuv signal level will be maintained in each wall outlet with radiation
of signals at 3m for RF frequencies in any given point of the system less than 50 micro-
volt meters.
Work Sheet Alexandra Place - Residential project
DESCRIPTION CODE QTY
01 VHF ANTENNA BT-751 1
02 UHF ANTENNA BU-269 2
03 PRE AMPLIFIER AI-131 3
04 POWER SUPPLY UNIT FOR CHANNELIZED AMPLIFIERS AS-125 1
05 CHANNELIZED AMPLIFIERS - VHF ZG-611 0
06 CHANNELIZED AMPLIFIERS - UHF ZG-431 10
07 FIXING FRAME SP-126 1
08 ATTENUATOR AV-305 3
09 POWER SUPPLY BOARDS (6WAY PDU) ITEM 1
10 RG6 F CONNECTORS MC-104 75
11 FM ANTENNA CF-112 1
12 TV ANTENNA MAST 0002 1
13 TWO WAY TAP FP-211 2
14 TWO WAY SPLITTER FI-254 5
15 FOUR WAY SPLITTER FI-484 1
16 WALL MOUNT LOCKABLE CABINET 600X800X600 ITEM 1
17 REJECTION FILTER UHF FR-423 2
18 LTE, TETRA & GSM REJECTION FILTERS RB-609 0
19 LTE, TETRA & GSM REJECTION FILTERS RB-519 2
20 FM REJECTION FILTER RB-208 1
21 TV MALE CONNECTORS MC-095 14
22 TV FEMALE CONNECTORS HC-095 10
23 1'' CONDUITE ITEM 18
24 CABLE TIE BEND SOCKETS ETC ITEM LOT
25 SPLITTER ENCLOSURE ITEM 5

51. 44
26 AMPLIFIER ENCLOSURE ITEM 1
27 RG11 F CONNECTORS PPC 12
28 RG6 COAXIAL CABLE (M) ITEM 80
29 RG11 COAXIAL CABLE (M) ITEM 25
30 FAST F CONNECTOR PLUG BRIDGE PZ-010 10
31 TRANSPORT DAYS ITEM 4
32 INSTALLATION DAYS ITEM 4
System Architecture
Figure 29 MATV System Architecture

52. 45
SMATV CHANNEL SPECTRUM
The RF frequency distribution of the SMATV system is as follows.
No. RF Channel No. Frequency Spectrum (MHz) TV Station
01 C 5 174 – 182 Rupavahini
02 C 7 190 – 198 Channel Eye
03 C 12 238 – 230 ITN
04 C 21 A 470 – 478 TNL
05 C 22 A 478 – 486 CSN
06 C 23 A 486 – 494 Sirasa
07 C 25 A 502 – 510 Shakthi TV
08 C 28 A 526 – 534 ART TV
09 C 31 A 550 – 558 Swarnavahini
10 C 32 A 558 – 556 Siyatha TV
11 C 35 A 582 – 590 ETV
12 C 37 A 598 – 606 TV Derana
13 C 58A 766 – 774 MTV
Signal Level at the TV Points
Signal levels of following TV points were tested for C5, C12, C23 & C58 channels and
observations are mentioned in following table.
No.
Location of
TV Point
Signal Level
For Channel
C5 (dBµV)
Signal Level
For Channel
C12 (dBµV)
Signal Level
For Channel
C23 (dBµV)
Signal Level For
Channel C58 (dBµV)
01 Room 1 69 65 70 70
02 Room 2 69 67 71 72
03 Room 3 69 68 70 71
04 Room 4 68 70 70 71
05 Room 5 70 71 70 69
06 Room 6 69 70 71 69
07 Room 7 71 69 70 70
Q S
Dialog TV IF Signal (11591MHz) 85 79

53. 46
2.5.2 Project 02
System overview
A SMATV System for 25 TV points which will be supported by two VHF, two UHF
terrestrial antennas & one dish antenna installed at the rooftop of No: 17, Kassapa Road,
Colombo 05.
Terrestrial television programs & intermediate frequency television programs are
received by these antennas and processed through the SMATV headend system consists
of 15 channel amplifiers, 3 numbers of Pre amplifiers, distribution amplifier and IF
launch amplifier. The output signal of the Head End distributes through RF & IF
distribution network consists of active & passive devices such as line amplifiers,
splitters and directional couplers which are installed in the vertical riser of 1st, 3rd &
4th floors. TV points are connected by using RG-6, RG-11 cables & connectors to the
Main trunk line distribution network. Output of minimum 72 dB will be maintained at
the TV wall outlet.
SMATV CHANNEL SPECTRUM
The RF frequency distribution of the SMATV system is as follows.
No. RF Channel No. Frequency Spectrum (MHz) TV Station
01 C 5 174 – 182 Rupavahini
02 C 7 190 – 198 Channel Eye
03 C 12 238 – 230 ITN
04 C 21 A 470 – 478 TNL
05 C 23 A 486 – 494 Sirasa
06 C 25 A 502 – 510 Shakthi TV
07 C 31 A 550 – 558 Swarnavahini
08 C 32 A 558 – 556 Siyatha TV
09 C 35 A 582 – 590 ETV
10 C 37 A 598 – 606 TV Derana
11 C 45 A 666 – 668 Hiru TV
12 C46 A 674 – 676 VarnamTV
13 C58 A 770 – 772 MTV

54. 47
Signal Level at the TV Points
Signal levels of following TV points were tested for C5, C23, C31 & C58 channels and
observations are mentioned in following table.
No.
Location of
TV Point
Signal Level For
Channel C5
(dBµV)
Signal Level
For Channel
C23 (dBµV)
Signal Level For
Channel C31
(dBµV)
Signal Level For
Channel C58
(dBµV)
1st
Floor
02 L1 72 75 73 71
03 L2 72 74 74 73
04 L3 75 71 74 75
2nd
Floor
10 L1 73 73 74 72
11 L2 75 74 75 71
12 L3 73 74 73 73
13 L4 75 73 74 75
3rd
Floor
17 L1 73 74 75 75
L2 75 74 74 74
L3 74 74 75 74
4th
Floor
L1 75 78 76 77
L2 76 75 78 77
L3 75 76 78 75
5th
Floor
L1 77 78 77 78
L2 77 78 76 77
L3 76 78 78 78

55. 48
Project schematic diagram
Figure 30 Project Schematic Diagram

56. 49
Figure 32 Invoice1
Figure 31 Invoice 2
Figure 33 AutoCAD Drawing

57. 50
2.5.3 Project 03
Chaya Wild YALA Hotel OBSERVATIONS PRIOR TO REPAIR
TV Receiving picture quality was poor due to many factors, such as design change by
using varies brands, resulting heavy miss match in the quality spectrum. Further, some
components introduced are not functioning to required signal levels as well. Manny
cable joints were observed, which further contributes heavy signal loss. In addition,
performance of the cable is below the standard dB levels.
Existing Main Head End is 10 Years old Analog system, which converts high quality
satellite TV signal to Analog format and distributes to rooms which contributes analog
noise with longer cable distribution lines.
Main distribution points and enclosures are in a bad status due to poor handling by
various party’s time to time in ad – hoc manner without maintaining the original system
design, which was initiated by Micro Vision 10 years ago.
In addition, a preventive maintenance program was not implemented, resulting constant
repairs, replacements of parts which leads to investments over and over again within
short period. Guest complains are un- avoidable in such situations.
Status of Equipment and TV picture quality – before repair
Figure 34 MATV Equipment ( Before Install)

58. 51
Figure 35 MATV Equipment ( After Install)

59. 52
Status After repair
Figure 36 Status After Repair

60. 53
Modulators Allocation Channel Wise
C22 MD - 531
C34 MD - 531
C36 MD - 531
C38 MD - 531
C42 MD - 531
C44 MD - 531
C46 MD - 531
S26 MD - 531
S28 MD - 531
S30 MD - 531
S32 MD - 531
S36 MD - 531
Total
MD-531
12
S5 MS-601
Channel Plan
No. RF Channel No. TV Station
1 C 8 BBC
2 C 10 AL JAZEERA
3 C 12 NDTV
4 S 12 STAR SPORT
5 S 14 TEN 1
6 S 16 STAR SPORT 1
7 S 17 STAR SPORT 2
8 S 18 TEN CRICKET
9 S 19 CINE THIRAI TV
10 S 20 CINAMAX
11 S 21 HBO
Total MD -310 06
C24 MD-410
Total MD-410 01
AI-131 05

61. 54
12 S 22 ZEE STUDIO
13 S 23 WB
14 S 24 AXN
15 S 26 SONEY SIX
16 S 28 STAR PLUS
17 S 30 ZEE TV
18 S 32 KIDS KO
19 C 22 VH 1
20 C 24 ANIMAL PALANET
21 C 26 NGO
22 C 34 DISCOVERY
23 C 36 SIRASA TV
24 C 38 RUPAVAHINI
25 C 42 ITN
26 C 44 DERANA
27 C 46 SUWARNAWAHINI
Signal Level Measured - HEAD END
No.
RF Channel
No.
Signal Level
(dBµV) Before
Signal Level
(dBµV)
After
1 C 8 66 98
2 C 10 67 82
3 C 12 67 88
4 S 12 80 95
5 S 14 77 94
6 S 16 85 87
7 S 17 73 96
8 S 18 76 95
9 S 19 69 94
10 S 20 67 94

62. 55
11 S 21 70 93
12 S 22 72 90
13 S 23 69 94
14 S 24 69 94
15 S 26 72 100
16 S 28 73 86
17 S 30 79 99
18 S 32 69 91
19 C 22 69 100
20 C 24 79 101
21 C 26 74 103
22 C 34 78 104
23 C 36 79 104
24 C 38 71 91
25 C 42 73 104
26 C 44 71 100
27 C 46 65 103

63. 56
SIGNAL LEVEL MEASURED – BEFORE REPAIR - Network Reference Test
No. RF Channel No. Room 158 (dB
µv) Before
Room 156 (dB
µv) Before
1 C 8 27 48
2 C 10 26 38
3 C 12 28 53
4 S 12 30 56
5 S 14 31 60
6 S 16 29 58
7 S 17 28 59
8 S 18 30 60
9 S 19 31 65
10 S 20 20 64
11 S 21 31 64
12 S 22 30 57
13 S 23 30 62
14 S 24 29 60
15 S 26 30 57
16 S 28 28 67
17 S 30 35 72
18 S 32 30 65
19 C 22 44 86
20 C 24 52 93
21 C 26 60 102
22 C 34 43 89
23 C 36 49 94
24 C 38 91 91
25 C 42 31 63
26 C 44 43 88
27 C 46 39 89

64. 57
2.5.4 Project 04
Head End Design and Install Induruwa Beach Hotel Beruwala
Figure 37 Head End
A. IF Section Antenna Out: S-12
RF Section: - Modulator Out Level S-14
Figure 38 Signal Analyzer Measurements 1
Figure 39 Signal Analyzer Measurements 2

65. 58
Figure 42 TILT level
S-16 S-18
B. Headend Amp IN Put Level & Out Put Level:
1. In Put - 78db
2. Out Put – 100db
TILT Level 04 Channel
RF Channel Report
Figure 41 Signal Analyzer Measurements 3 Figure 40 Signal Analyzer Measurements 4
Figure 43 Channel Summery Report

66. 59
Chapter 3
Conclusion
The main objective of the industrial training is to provide an opportunity to students to
identify, observe and practice how engineering is applicable in the real industry. It is
not only to get experience on technical practices but also to observe management
practices and to interact with fellow workers.
During my industrial training in Micro Vision Satellite Systems, I had been exposed to
a working life. Throughout this training, I could understand more about my future
career and prepare myself to become a responsible and innovative person. Along my
training period, I realized that observation is a main element to find out the root cause
of a problem. Not only for my project but daily activities too. During my project, I
cooperated with my colleagues and operators to determine the problems. Moreover, the
project indirectly helps me to learn independently, discipline myself, be considerate,
patient, self-trust, take initiative and the ability to solve problems.
Throughout the industrial training, I learn several things that could be important to my
career. I recognized List of Broadcasting channel frequencies and Satellite List of all in
Asia pacific. Furthermore, I learnt Los calculation of splitters and amplifiers and to
design MATV Systems and Preparation BOQ and BOM, Project completion reports,
Project Planning, Daily work schedule planning,
For the organizational development I created a company website by using my web
designing skills. Facilitate system design on diagrams (Auto CAD), Attending
Technical Meetings.
In conclusion, I would like to say the industrial training at Micro Vision Satellite
Systems as a field technician open up whole now world to me. An industrial training
after the academic studies is very important to a person who is going to make his career
within the field.