MOST COMMON MINERALS IN SOCIETY (INDIUM)

1. “INDIUM”
PREPARED BY:DISSERIE V SAWAN

2. “INDIUM”
Indium is a chemical element with the symbol In and
atomic number 49. Indium is the softest metal that is
not an alkali metal. It is a silvery-white metal that
resembles tin in appearance. It is a post-transition
metal that makes up 0.21 parts per million of the
Earth's crust. Indium has a melting point higher than
sodium and gallium, but lower than lithium and tin.
Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium,
and it is largely intermediate between the two in terms
of its properties.Indium was discovered in 1863 by
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter by
spectroscopic methods. They named it for the indigo
blue line in its spectrum. Indium was isolated the next
year.

3. Symbol: In
Atomic number: 49
Melting point: 156.6 °C
Atomic mass: 114.818 u
Van der Waals radius: 220 pm
Electronegativity: 1.78
Chemical series: Metal, Toxic heavy
Metal,Boron group.

4. Where Indium can be found?
• -About half of global primary refined indium is produced in China.
The remaining production is predominantly in Belgium, Canada,
Japan, Peru, and South Korea.
• -Specimens of uncombined indium metal have been found in a region
of Russia and an indium mineral, indite, has been found in Siberia,
but it is rare. World production comes mainly from Canada and is
around 75 tonnes per year, reserves of the metal are estimated to
exceed 1500 tonnes.

5. HOWIndium is mined?
Some indium is found in pure form, and it occurs in only a few
minerals, such as indite. Most indium is obtained as a by-
product zinc processing and is recovered from residues left
from electrolytic refining of zinc.

6. In what way indium is processed?
Although a portion of the indium in zinc
circuits is recovered by cementation with
aluminum, electrolysis is the main process in
zinc, lead, and tin refining for producing
metallic indium.

7. What are their industrial or commercial use?
Most indium is used to make indium tin oxide (ITO),
which is an important part of touch screens, flatscreen
TVs and solar panels. This is because it conducts
electricity, bonds strongly to glass and is transparent.
Indium nitride, phosphide and antimonide are
semiconductors used in transistors and microchips.

8. Consumption rate of the mineral?

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