Vietnam Architecture
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Vietnam has a diverse landscape and climate from north to south. Its architecture reflects its political and cultural history, including imperial palaces, temples, pagodas, and communal houses. Distinct styles include wood and bamboo structures with ornate details and symmetrical designs that integrate natural settings. Materials range from wood and bamboo to brick, stone, and tile, reflecting regional availability. Architectural forms demonstrate both Chinese and religious influences on Vietnamese traditions.
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Vietnam Architecture
- 4. • part of South East Asia • bordered by ocean on the west and south • China to the north and Cambodia and Laos to the west. • about the size of New Mexico (329,560 sq km), but shaped in a long, narrow "S”
- 5. Weather SOUTH = hot tropical climateNORTH = monsoon climate The hot, rainy season lasts May to September and warm, dry season is October to March.
- 6. • communist country • Religion, speech, press and other aspects of society remain under central control. • "doi moi” in 1986, Vietnam's economy and, to some extent, policies have become increasingly modernized and less restrictive. POLITICS
- 7. Vietnam’s flag is bright red with a yellow star. RED represents blood spilt during the country's fight for independence STAR represents Vietnam's unity and the points on the star represent the union of the people working together in building socialism. FLAG South Vietnam's flag had three red stripes on a yellow background. • design from the last Emperor of Viet Nam (Bao Dai) RED STRIPES represent the blood line of three regions of Vietnam YELLOW BACKGROUND represents the earth or skin color. • This flag is still used by many Vietnamese American organizations, first generation Vietnamese immigrants, and Vietnam Veterans, symbolizing their sacrifices and the ideal of freedom.
- 8. Facts & figures Languages: Vietnamese (official); English (increasingly favored as a second language); some French, Chinese, Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) Ethnicity/race: Kinh (Viet) 86.2%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.7%, Muong 1.5%, Khome 1.4%, Hoa 1.1%, Nun 1.1%, Hmong 1%, others 4.1% (1999) Capital (2009 est.): Hanoi, 6.5 million (metro. area), 2.6 million (city proper) Largest cities: Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), 7,396,446; Haiphong, 1,907,705; Da Nang, 887,069; Hué 333,715; Nha Trang, 392,279Monetary unit: Dong
- 10. It includes bastion, citadel, city gate, etc. Shapes and arrangement • square, rectangular, regular polygon, circle, star and other special figures Materials: • green marbles (mountainous area) • laterite (midland) • mortar (plain land)
- 12. • The outer round is the citadel which is nearly square in shape. • The wall of citadel was made of box-brick. Citadel 12
- 13. • Inside the citadel which is rectangular in shape. • Ngo Mon (Gate of Noon) is the main gate to the Imperial City. • Lầu Ngũ Phụng (Five-Phoenix Pavilion) Imperial city 13
- 14. • It is inside the Imperial City which is the imperial enclosure. • The inner round of wall is 3.1 meter high, 0.72 meter thick and it has seven gates. Purple Forbidden City Dai Cung Mon 14
- 15. • Dai Cung Mon • Can Chanh • Can Than • Khon Thai Purple Forbidden City Dai Cung Mon 15 • Duyet Thi Duong • Thuong Thien
- 16. • typical architecture of feudal dynasties of Vietnam • requires mobilizing and gathering the material and labor forces of the whole country or a region • biggest scale architecture among the feudal architecture types
- 17. • Palace of Supreme Harmony built in 1803 at a different location and moved here in 1833. • Marker stones indicating where each of the nine grades of civil and military bureaucrats where supposed to assemble during state functions. Thai hoa palace 17
- 18. Thai Hoa Palace (main hall) 18
- 19. Thai Hoa Palace (roof) 19
- 20. • type of pagodas, towers, temples and tombs • Vietnamese economics is based on agriculture, and social institution is based on the villages. • Vietnamese has been tormented by the fluctuation of society.
- 21. • Three-entrance gate which is a unique architectural building with 2 storeys and 8 roof-layers looking like a lotus on the West Lake. • The pagoda has three pavilions.. • Its roof bank is decorated with dragon pattern.. Kim Lien Pagoda
- 22. • Taoist temple in Hanoi, Vietnam • Dedicated to Xuan Wu, one of the principal deities in Taoism. • It is also a training venue for several traditional martial art. Quán Thánh Temple
- 23. • Hanoi Temple of Literature is a top most abundant and diversified complex of relics. • Temple of Literature was to place stelae inscribed names of scholars achieving doctoral degree and educated Vietnam’s bureaucrats, nobles, royalty and other members of the elite. Van Mieu – Quoc Tu giam 23
- 24. MAP 24
- 25. Temple of Literature in Hanoi, Vietnam
- 26. • It is the place to worship the founder of village. • Functions: 1. Religion 2. Administration 3. cultural-arts • Đình Bảng communal house • one of the largest and finest village communal houses in Vietnam • also functions as the village meeting hall and the seat of the local government office. Communal house 26
- 29. • Symmetrical • Ornamented • Religious influenced • Chinese influenced • Integrated into natural setting Characteristics
- 30. • Bamboo • Wood • Thatch • Stone • Brick • Tile • Terracotta • Lime Building materials
Editor's Notes
- Vietnam is officially known in English as the "Socialist Republic of Vietnam", sometimes abbreviated as SRV. The full name in Vietnamese is Cong HoaXa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam.
- Vietnam is part of South East Asia, bordered by ocean on the west and south, with China to the north and Cambodia and Laos to the west. Vietnam is about the size of New Mexico (329,560 sq km), but shaped in a long, narrow "S".
- Vietnam has a monsoon climate in the north and a hot tropical climate in the south . The hot, rainy season lasts May to September and warm, dry season is October to March.
- Vietnam is a communist country. Religion, speech, press and other aspects of society remain under central control. Since Vietnam's "doimoi" (renovation) in 1986, Vietnam's economy and, to some extent, policies have become increasingly modernized and less restrictive.
- Vietnam's flag is bright red with a yellow star. The red represents blood spilt during the country's fight for independence. The star represents Vietnam's unity and the points on the star represent the union of the people working together in building socialism. (Vietnam flag craft for children.)South Vietnam's flag had three red stripes on a yellow background. Originally based on a design from the last Emperor of Viet Nam (Bao Dai), the red stripes represent the blood line of three regions of Vietnam and the yellow background represents the earth or skin color. This flag is still used by many Vietnamese American organizations, first generation Vietnamese immigrants, and Vietnam Veterans, symbolizing their sacrifices and the ideal of freedom.Both flags call forth deep emotions for what they represent in Vietnam and in the Vietnamese American communities.
- This is the architecture which includes bastion, citadel, city gate, etc. The architect of military and national defense in Vietnam contains the shapes and arrangement of square, rectangular, regular polygon, circle, star and other special figures. The material for this type is very plentiful. In the mountainous area, people use green marbles which is whittled carefully or not. In the midland, laterite is used, and in plain land, mortar is used.
- surrounded by a wall 2 kilometers by 2 kilometers, and the walls were surrounded by a moat. The water from the moat was taken from the Huong River (Perfume River) that flows through Huế. Faces east
- The Ngo Mon Gate is a massive structure in front of the Hue Citadel that also served as a royal viewing platform for court ceremonies. The ground level has five entrances, of which the centre one was always reserved for the monarch's use only. The two, slightly smaller, side entrances were reserved for mandarins, soldiers and horses. The two small arched entrances on the side were for the rest and commoners.It is quite similar in form to the Five-Phonix Gate at the Forbidden City in Beijing.LầuNgũPhụng (Five-Phoenix Pavilion). From the main hall, the emperor would watch troop movements and his subjects bringing homage. The pavilion's roof is decked in imperial yellow, glazed ceramic roof tiles. On the roof tiles are various animals and creatures to ward off evil. The main hall is flanked by two side pavilions, which were reserved for members of the court.
- Purple Forbidden City in Vietnamese, a term similar to the Forbidden City in Beijing. The enclosure was reserved for the Nguyễn imperial family.Dai Cung Mon is the main gate in the main side, which is only for King to walk in. Can Chanh(destroyed) is the king’s place for working. Can Thanhis the king’s house. Khon Thai palace is the house of Hoang Qui Phi. DuyetThi Duong is the theatre. ThuongThien is cooking place for king, etc.
- Purple Forbidden City in Vietnamese, a term similar to the Forbidden City in Beijing. The enclosure was reserved for the Nguyễn imperial family.Dai Cung Mon is the main gate in the main side, which is only for King to walk in. Can Chanh(destroyed) is the king’s place for working. Can Thanhis the king’s house. Khon Thai palace is the house of Hoang Qui Phi. DuyetThi Duong is the theatre. ThuongThien is cooking place for king, etc.
- Palace architecture is the typical architecture of feudal dynasties of Vietnam. This type requires mobilizing and gathering the material and labor forces of the whole country or a region, which expresses the wealth and power of each period of each King. This could be said to be the biggest scale architecture among the feudal architecture types, and the heritages of them are still available up to now.
- It is analogous to the Palace of Supreme Harmony at the Forbidden City in Beijing. It was used by the Emperor for court ceremonies and receptions. The palace is made of two separate halls. The front hall is called ante-chamber and the other is the main hall where is erected throne of the king.
- Roof of the Thai Hoa Palace. In deference to the Chinese Emperor, the roof consists of only two stories, not three stories as in the Forbidden City.
- This is the type of pagodas, towers, temples and tombs. In the past, Vietnamese economics is based on agriculture, and social institution is based on the villages. Being in the middle of the universe and nature, Vietnamese has been tormented by the fluctuation of society. Therefore, the most popular concept of Vietnamese is generalizing, taking the harmony to be the most important.
- due to French translation, the English term pagoda is a more generic term referring to a place of worship All of the three pagodas are constructed with platforms on which places Buddhist statues. Besides Buddhist statue, inner pagoda also locates statues of Princess TuHoa, Lord Trinh Gian, the Holy Mother and Heaven Ruler, Earth God and Pluto.
- Lunar New Year Hanoians often come to worship and pray for health, luck and happiness.
- Stelae=monuments that are fashioned by the mayan civilizationThe complex of Van Mieu – QuocTuGiam is built on the axis of North South. In front of VanMieu, there is a lake called Van Chuong Lake. In the main gate, there are four pillars with stele in two sides. Van Mieu gate was built in three steps style with three big Chinese words Van Mieu Mon (Gate of Van Mieu)
- 2. administration centre which is taken to organize every activity of the village3. the office for officials of the village-meeting place of the local citizen. This is also the place for traditional festivals, cultural activity.