This presentation captures recent advances made in Indian agriculture. Not many know that India ranks 2nd globally in form of production. The presentation also highlight the unique strengths of Indian agriculture that help capturing global glory.

1. Crop Care Federation of India
India’s Agrarian Miracle
Since 2000
India’s Agrarian Miracle Since 2000
Rajju Shroff
S.Ganesan
The structural shift that took Indian agriculture to
global supremacy
Jan 2015

2. Crop Care Federation of India
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“Indian agriculture has come a long way from being
subsistence to being the one that produces substantial trade
surplus comparable to that of the services sector. With
better strategies, our agricultural trade can easily fetch
higher foreign exchange that can be utilized to financially
support the foreign exchange investments required in other
sectors…….…. India now ranks number two in the world
and is far ahead of the USA in agricultural production”
Rajju Shroff
Chairman
Crop Care Federation of India
S. Ganesan
Advisor (Public & Policy Affairs)
Crop Care Federation of India
“Asia now leads the world in agricultural production.
Unknown to many, the global leaders in food production
are China and India.....India's rich agro-biodiversity and
diet diversity are mutually supportive. India’s agri-horti-
livestock mixed farming is very unique in the world. The
aggregated output/ha of farmland in India is much higher
than in the USA”

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Quotable Quotes
“With the right technology and policies, India could help
feed the world”
- S. Sengupta
The New York Times, June 22, 2008
“India has long been the sleeping giant of global agriculture”
- Deepak Gopinath
Yale global, March 27, 2013
“India has under played its strengths in several key sectors that
could potentially be game changers for the country”
- Barnik C Maitra and Adil Zainubhai
Business Today, Jan 19, 2014
“Contrary to the popular narrative, agriculture has been
transformed in the last 10 years.”
- Agriculture a New Story
Indian Express, April 21, 2014

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 Yet, India’s Economic Survey carried no mention to this effect.
 In the year 2012, India ranked 2nd globally in agricultural GDP…!
 The global ranking by India in the field of agriculture remains
unknown and uncelebrated.

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Key messages in this presentation
Indian farmers are multi-skilled. Our farms are multi product bio factories.
India’s agri-horti-livestock mixed farming methods achieve higher
aggregated production/ha than the farming in USA.
India’s international trade in agricultural products fetch better net foreign
exchange earnings than our international trade in services.
Horticulture, dairy and inland fish culture drive the growth. They provide
round the year revenue and employment.
India is a multiproduct agricultural powerhouse. To be recognized, positioned
and promoted accordingly.
The negative narrative about our agriculture must stop.

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Primary purpose of this data based presentation is to change the
negative narrative about Indian agriculture and to fast track further
growth.
Plain-speak…!
Indian agriculture
suffers from
entrenched negative
perception, spread
mainly by foreign
funded environmental
NGOs.
2
Such misconceptions
have the potential to
misguide policies and
regulations.
3
Agricultural policies
and regulations rooted
in the past era will be
counter productive in
the present situation.
4
Correcting misconceptions
and understanding present
reality will develop an
enabling environment that
nurtures Indian rural
economy.
5
There is a disturbing
gap between public
perception of the
effects of modern
agriculture and
reality.
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7. Crop Care Federation of India
Agriculture: India’s Inherent Strengths
Light
Sunglight is
available round the
year
Land
India has the
largest area in the
world under
agricultural crops:
191 mill.ha (gross)
Irrigated Area
India has the
largest irrigated
area in the world:
90 miil.ha (gross).
Labour
Over 260 million,.
Many work 7 days a
week. Family labour
plays an important
role.
Agriculture’s fundamental requirements : Light, Land, Water, Labour
India has all these in abundance.
Besides, Indian industry produces all major
farm inputs: Farm machinery, irrigation
equipment, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides
including those required for post harvest
protection. 7

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Particulars 1970-71 2000-01 2010-11
Number of farm
holdings(Million)
71 119 138
Av.size of holdings (Ha) 2.28 1.33 1.15
Operated area (Mill.Ha) 162 159 159
Anatomy of Indian Agriculture
Source: Agricultural Census 2010-11
 In the USA, growth in agriculture led to demise of family farms and
birth of large industrial type farms with inevitable monocropping.
 This has not happened in India, due to many reasons – including
cultural.
 India’s agricultural production keeps increasing even as average farm
size keeps decreasing..!

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World Agriculture : Then and Now
Year Asia Americas Europe Africa Oceana Total
1970 106.4 53.4 129 23.4 3.8 316
1980 307.8 147.7 275.7 87.5 13.6 832
1990 464.2 229.7 371.6 93.3 14.8 1174
2000 572.1 225.2 202.2 88.9 20.6 1109
2010 1470.8 443.5 332.9 282.6 43.5 2573
2013 1917.2 551.9 387.2 350.7 52.5 3260
Source : Macroeconomics-Agriculture, hunting, forestry, in the world
1 970-2013 based on UN Data, analyzed by www.kushnirs.org
Value : $Bn at current prices
Asia’s maintains a massive lead over the rest now.
China and India – once known for chronic food shortages- are now the
world leaders in agricultural production.
Americas : North America, South America and Mexico

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World Leaders in Agricultural Production
Year/Rank I II III IV V
1980 Russia China USA India Japan
1990 USA China Russia India Japan
2000 China India USA Japan Brazil
2010 China India USA Indonesia Brail
2013 China (919) India (325) USA (227) Indonesia (125) Brazil (109)
2014(E) China (1036) India (356) USA (192) Nigeria (184) Brazil (125)
Source : 1. Leaders in Agriculture based on UN Data analyzed
by www.kushnirs.org
2. 2014 data based on IMF and CIA World Fact book 2014
Numbers show agri GDP in $Bn
 India’s agricultural production is now far above the USA that
supplied food grains and cotton under PL 480 in 1960s to tide
over chronic shortage.
 Out of top five countries, four are developing countries.
 Family farms – mostly small- drive the agricultural growth now.

11. Crop Care Federation of India
Transformation in Indian Agriculture
 Green Revolution (1970s) was food
grain centric. Govt. sponsored.
Most needed then.
 A self driven revolution spawned
by socio-economic mobility set in
late 1990s. The focus shifted to
horticulture.
 High value crops (fruits and
vegetables) and milk now lead
production and consumption.
 Improved communication, road
and transport services,
globalization, urbanization,
increasing income & literacy,
innovative cultivation practices
and modern inputs have radically
changed the structure of Indian
agriculture. 11

12. Crop Care Federation of India
Rice Wheat Total Fruits Vegetables Total
1991-92 75 60 135 29 59 88
2001-02 93 73 166 43 89 132
2012-13 105 94 199 81 162 243
2013-14 (E) 106 95 201 84 170 254
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Indians now produce & consume more fruits and vegetables than rice & wheat...!
This ensures our “nutritional security” besides food security.
Horticulture is now the growth driver of Indian agriculture.
India is the second largest producer of Fruits & Vegetables in the world.
India: Staple Food Grains vs Fruits & Vegetables (Mill.tons)
Source: Ministry of Agriculture
Staple Food Grains Fruits & VegetablesYear

13. Crop Care Federation of India
Country Production (Mill.tons)
World 647
1. China 137
2. India 81
3. Brazil 38
4. USA 27
5. Indonesia 18
Country Production (Mill.tons)
World 1115
1. China 574
2. India 162
3. USA 36
4. Turkey 28
5. Iran 23
Source: India- Handbook on Horticulture Statistics 2014
Data for 2012-13
Fruits Vegetables
Major Producers of Fruits & Vegetables
China and India account for 2/3 of world’s fruits and vegetable production.
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India’s Milky Growth
Source: Ministry of Agriculture
Year Production
(Mill.Tons)
Percapita Avilability
(Gms/day)
1950-51 17 130
1990-91 54 176
2000-01 81 217
2011-12 127 290
2012-13 132 295
2013-14(PE ) 139 295
Ample labour and
small land base
encourage farmers
in India to practise
dairying as an
occupation
subsidiary to crop
production
-FAO
 In India, agrl. waste and by products form cattle feed.
 Milk production in India is 30% less expensive than USA.
 Size of dairy products industry is $70 bn in India and expected to double by 2020.
 India is worlds largest milk producer, followed by the USA.

15. Crop Care Federation of India
Source: Ministry of Agriculture
India’s Fish Production (Mill.tons)
 Flourishing aquaculture in AP
and Punjab disproves the
allegation that intensive
agriculture pollutes/harms the
land and waters 15
 Inland fish production is almost
double than marine production
now.
 Of the 6.13 mill.tons of inland
production, undivided AP
accounted for 2 mill.tons…!
Punjab has the highest fish
productivity of 6560 kgs/ha.
 Punjab and AP are known for
intensive agriculture
 Fish species are sensitive to
water quality and pollution
Year Marine Inland Total
1970-71 1.08 0.67 1.76
1980-81 1.55 0.89 2.42
1990-91 2.30 1.53 3.83
2000-01 2.81 2.85 5.65
2010-11 3.25 4.98 8.23
2013-14 3.43 6.13 9.57
0
2
4
6
8
Marine
Inland
Value : Mill Tons

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Indian Agriculture’s sub sectors and their share in Agri GDP
 India is the only country with robust production in all the sub sectors.
 Horticulture and dairy sector account for close to 60%.
 Indian horticulture and livestock sectors stimulate rural economy by
providing round the year employment.
 Agri-Horti-Livestock farming makes Indian farming systems
qualitatively different and superior.
30%
27%
<40%

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India’s Agrobidiversity
India enjoys unique agrobiodiversity in the world arising mainly from:
 Variety of agroecosystems
 Variety of crop species
 Variety of livestock & fish species
India’s diet diversity draws substantially from this rich agrobiodiversity. Both are
mutually supportive.
This diversity provides diverse income opportunities too which small family farm
holders effectively make use of.
All these make our farming more robust, resilient, productive and stable.
Low cost mixed farming systems in India have transformed India into world leader
in agricultural production.
Aggregated agricultural production value/ha in India is higher than in USA that
practices industrial type farming.

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Rice
106 Mill.Tons
3
Vegetables
170 Mill.Tons
1
India – Top Three Foods (in 2013-14)
Milk
139 Mill.Tons
2

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Year Agri.
GDP
Export Import Trade
Surplus
2000 101 5.95 3.99 1.96
2011 321 34.49 22.55 11.94
2012 307 42.39 25.66 16.73
2013 325 47 24.41 22.57
Source: 1. WTO International Trade Statistics
2. UN Data, www.kushnirs.org
INDIA CHINA
Agriculture in India & China : An Analysis
Value : $Bn
Year Agri.
GDP
Export Import Trade
Deficit
2000 181 16.38 19.54 -(3.16)
2011 735 64.61 144.72 -(80.11)
2012 830 16.17 156.82 -(90.65)
2013 919 70.15 165.45 -(95.30)
 China is worlds largest producer of food. Yet, net importer of food.
 Dietary habits make a lot of difference.
 Milk is main dietary source of protein in India. It is meat in China.
 In India, vegetarian food is predominant even in non-vegetarian households.

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Particulars India China
Gross cultivated area (Mill.ha) 191 167
Of this, irrigated area (Mill.ha) 90 63
Av.annual rainfall (mm) 1083 645
Av. Size of farm holdings(Ha) 1.15 0.6
People engaged in agriculture(Mill) 262 300
Agricultural GDP in 2013($ bn) 325 919
Global rank in agricultural production Second First
Major contributors to Agri GDP Horticulture, dairy Meat, horticulture
Use of fertilizers (Mill.tons) 27 58
Pesticides use ($bn at retail level) 3 14
Adoption of hybrid seeds Poor to medium High
GM crops Cotton Cotton, Corn, Tomato, Sweet
pepper, Papaya and Poplar
Chinese agriculture technology is driven with intensive use of modern inputs.
Agriculture in India and China. Fast Facts

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India: Consumers Expenditure on Major Food Categories
(2013)
Food Category Size ($Bn) Growth Percentage
(2007-13)
Vegetables & Fruits 101 53
Milk, Milk Products & Eggs 74.10 69
Cereals 60.60 9
Fish & Sea food 21.90 74
Oils & Fats 14.90 48
Meat 13.70 69
Sugar 13.20 45
Other Foods 13.20 42
Total 312.60
Source : Euromonitor quoted in USDA – GAIN Report Number : IN4120, Dated : 12/29/2014
 In terms of value, vegetables and fruits lead the pack with 1/3rd of the
total followed by milk and eggs.
 Among the non-vegetarian foods, fish ranks first.

22. Crop Care Federation of India
India’s Agri Exports : The Fastest Growing in the World
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Source: https://www.thedollarbusiness.com/indias-agri-exports-fastest-growing-in-the-world-usda/
India ranks fifth in global agri exports. (WTO – International Trade Statistics – 2014)

23. Crop Care Federation of India
Year Exports Imports Net Earnings
2010 123 115 8
2011 137 124 13
2012 141 127 14
2013 151 125 26
Source: WTO International Trade Statistics
Commercial Services Agricultural Products
India’s Trade Surplus ($bn)
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Year Exports Imports Net Earnings
2010 23 17 6
2011 35 23 12
2012 42 26 16
2013 47 24 23
Value : $Bn
India in 2013 earned $26 bn from $276 bn trade in commercial
services. Whereas agricultural trade of $71 bn fetched as much
as $23 bn trade surplus.
With better focus and facilitation, India’s net earnings from
agricultural trade can be higher than trade in services…!
Such export led revenues will bring in greater rural prosperity.

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“Indian agricultural system is a model of
sustainable agriculture as it is
predominantly a mixed crop-livestock
farming system”
-Economic Survey of India 2013-14, p.148
 Projecting this “unique, low cost, mixed
crop-livestock farming system” globally will
help position India as an agriculturally
vibrant economy.
 Material gains from this promotion would
add to rural prosperity and reduce the
urban-rural inequality.
Needed : Fresh and forward looking strategies with total
disconnect with the past.

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For further information
“Agriculture not only gives riches to a nation,
but the only riches she can call her own”
- Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
THANK YOU
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