4. Urban
URB= (City) + AN =(Denotes Place)
• Related to a city or town
• Characteristic accustomed to cities; citified.
• An Urban Area is a human settlement with high
population density and infrastructure of built
environment.
5. Urbanization
Urbanization is a process whereby populations move from rural to urban area, enabling cities and towns
to grow.
Wirth, Louis (1938) Urbanism as a way of life
`Urbanization no longer denotes merely the process by which persons are attracted to a place called a
city …., it also refers to that cumulative accentuation of characteristics distinctive to mode of life which
is associated with the growth of cities …`
6. Urbanism
• Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such
as towns and cities, interact with the built environment. (Wikipedia)
• The development and planning of cities and towns.
• It can also be understood as placemaking and the creation of place identity at a
citywide level.
• It is a direct component of disciplines such as urban planning (the physical design
and management of urban structures) and urban sociology (the study of urban
life and culture).
• characteristic of cities and towns
7. • Currently many architects, planners, and sociologists
investigate the way people live in densely populated
urban areas from many perspectives including a
sociological.
• Louis Wirth - Urbanism as way of life , Urbanism as
mode of life
• Wirth says it is necessary to stop 'identifying urbanism
with the physical entity of the city', go 'beyond an
arbitrary boundary line' and consider how 'technological
developments in transportation and communication
have enormously extended the urban mode of living
beyond the confines of the city itself.'
Wirth, Louis (1938) Urbanism as a way of life
8. Alex Krieger studies urbanism theory in order to
provide insight into how urban practitioners work.
He identifies ten spheres in which urbanism takes
place in practice. These are:
• The bridge connecting planning and architecture,
• a form-based category of public policy,
• the architecture of the city,
• urban design as restorative urbanism,
• urban design as an art of place- making,
Alex Krieger
9. • urban design as smart growth,
• the infrastructure of the city,
• urban design as landscape urbanism,
• urban design as visionary urbanism, and
• urban design as community advocacy or doing no harm.
Krieger concludes by stating that urban design is less a technical discipline than a
mind-set based on a commitment to cities.
10. 2. Historical observation
of Urbanism
Urbanization appeared with the first permanent
human settlements 8,000 years ago. Since then urban
development has occurred across the world. Urbanization
occurs in three broad stages.
11. 1. Preindustrial Traditions
Before the industrial revolution
there were many similarities
among cities from widely
divergent cultures and historical
periods.
• Many cities evolved gradually
from villages
• Successful cities almost always
grew up on rivers and harbors
• The demands of defense
required walls
12. 2. Period of industrialization
New jobs associated with
industrialization draw even more
people from rural areas, often causing
public-health crises as the cities
become overcrowded and the
infrastructure fails to keep pace with
the population.
• Urbanization in developing
countries currently
3. Finally, specialization of urban
space occurs.
14. New urbanism
• Over the last twenty years, theory and practice in planning and urban
design have been dominated by the search for sustainable
development patterns.
• New urbanism is the most important planning movement of this
century, and is about creating a better future for us all.
• The congress of New Urbanism CNU was founded by six architects in
1993.
15. • A founding goal of the CNU was to write a charter that would rebut
CIAM(International Conference on Modern Architecture) and its
Athens Charter (1933) and serve as a governing document for this
reform movement.
**The fourth CIAM meeting (1933) , of which Le Corbusier was an
influential organizer, adopted a series of statements of principle about
city planning. The four critical areas of city planning were seen to be
dwellings (living), recreation, workplaces and transportation.
16. Principles of new
urbanism
1. Walkability
Most things within a 10-minute
walk of home and work
Pedestrian friendly street design
Pedestrian streets free of cars in
special cases.
17. 2. Connectivity
Interconnected street grid network
disperses traffic & eases walking
A hierarchy of narrow streets,
boulevards, and alleys
High quality pedestrian network and
public realm makes walking
pleasurable
18. 3. Mixed-Use & Diversity
A mix of shops, offices, apartments,
and homes on site. Mixed-use within
neighborhoods, within blocks, and
within buildings.
20. 5. Quality
Architecture &
Urban Design
Emphasis on beauty, aesthetics,
human comfort, and creating a
sense of place;
Human scale architecture &
beautiful surroundings nourish
the human spirit
21. 6. Traditional Neighborhood Structure
-Public space at center
-Transect planning: Highest densities at town center;
progressively less dense towards the edge.
22. 7. Increased Density
-More buildings, residences, shops, and services closer together for
ease of walking, to enable a more efficient use of services and
resources, and to create a more convenient, enjoyable place to live.
23. 8. Green Transportation
-A network of high-quality trains
connecting cities, towns, and
neighborhoods together
-Pedestrian-friendly design that
encourages a greater use of
bicycles, rollerblades, scooters,
and walking as daily
transportation
25. 10. Quality of Life
Taken together these add up to a high quality of life
well worth living, and create places that enrich,
uplift, and inspire the human spirit.
26. 4. Refences
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area, Retrieved on May 01, 2019
2. Wirth, Louis. 1938. Urbanism as a Way of Life. The American Journal of Sociology,
volume 44, number 1: pages 1-24
3. François Mancebo. Urbanism. Encyclopedia of Community : From the Village to the
Virtual World,Sage, pp.1428-1433, 2003. <halshs-00006939>
4. Jonathan Barnett, The elusive city, Harrper & Row publishers, New York, page 2,119-
121
5. Alex Krieger, Urban design, university of Minnesota press, 2005, Page 115-131
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization, Retrieved on May 01, 2019
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanism, Retrieved on May 01, 2019
8. Principles of New Urbanism, Retrieved on May 01, 2019, from New Urbanism:
http://www.newurbanism.org/newurbanism/principles.html
9. CSAAR Conference 2010, Sustainable Architecture & Urban Development, Amman,
Jordon, pp. 137-156.
