Mushroom types with steps to cultivate

1. MUSHROOM
CULTIVATION
-By
Bhavini Sharma
(ICG/2018/24919)

2. Mushroom’s
• Mushroom is a fungi producing a fleshy
fruiting body
• It consist of stalk(stipe)with umbrella cap
• It has two major part:- CAP part(PILEUS)
and thread like structure(MYCELIA)
• Mycelia absorb nutrient from soil.
It does not require sun light for their growth

3. Types of mushroom’s
Edible mushroom
+The fungi who have desirable
taste and aroma
+They bear hypogeous or
epigeous fruiting bodies which
can be hand picked
+High in nutritional value
+Many mushroom are used as
food and some are used as
medicinal
NonEdible(Poisonous) mushroom
+The fungi does not have
desirable taste and aroma for
humans
+The fungi contains many toxins
in which some can be fatal for
humans
+Only 1% of mushroom
population are poisonous
Therefore the mushroom needs to be tested for toxins before use as it is very difficult to figure out
the poisonous mushroom

5. Why mushroom’s are considered healthy?
+Mushroom has high nutritional value such as
+Protein:- they are high in protein around 20-30% by dry weight
+Fiber:- they are good fiber which help in lowering cholesterol
and good for digestive system
+It contains vitamin D, Copper, Selenium(reduce risk of cancer
and many diseases), Potassium and many other minerals
+They are low in fat, calories and sodium
+They do not contain any cholesterol increasing element

6. Mushroom in natural habitat
+ Mushroom is a fruiting body of fungi
+ To propagate, it forms a mycelium
initiates growth stage generating
spores in the gills for dispersal
+ The tropics are the richest in overall
fungi, and the northern temperate
climate is richest in mushrooms.
They require a fair amount of water,
and not too hot or cold extremes.
Over 80% of known mushrooms are
symbiotic with plants, and are most
common in young-mid age forests.
+ Asia is perfect for mushroom
cultivation

7. Mushroom Cultivation
+ Much of Asia's environment is
suitable for cultivating many
different types of mushroom
+ The cultivation is low cost
which help farmers good and
financial returns
+ They help in decomposing
dead plant
+ Due to high use in medicinal
and food industry the needs of
edible mushroom increased
which results in high profitable
mushroom industry

8. Mushroom species which are cultivated
Shiitake
mushroom
Button
mushroom
Milky white
mushroom
Paddy
mushroom
Oyster
mushroom
Reishi
mushroom
Winter
mushroom

10. Cultivation of Agaricus bisporous
(button mushroom)
+ For better cultivation there are some conditions to keep in mind
• The location should be easily accessible for manure and casing soil
• Room should be ventilated
• No direct sunlight
• The temperature of the room should be approx. 15*C
• Soil should not be too moist
± STEPS OF CULTIVATION ARE:-
 Preparation of compost
 Filling of beds with compost
 Spawning(inoculation) of beds
 Casing
 Watering of beds
 Harvesting of mushroom
 storage

11. Requirements for cultivation
• Mushroom house
• Cement concrete platform
• Tray beds
• Compost
• Spawn of button mushroom
• Casing soil
• Sprayer
• Box for gathering mushroom
• Sterilization facility
• Wooden mould
• Wodden board
• Newspaper sheets
• Lime or carbonate of lime
• pH meter
Kacha mushroom house
Pucha mushroom huse

12. Requirements for cultivation
• Mushroom house
• Cement concrete platform
• Tray beds
• Compost
• Spawn of button mushroom
• Casing soil
• Sprayer
• Box for gathering mushroom
• Sterilization facility
• Wooden mould
• Wodden board
• Newspaper sheets
• Lime or carbonate of lime
• pH meter
Concrete cement platform for compost

13. Requirements for cultivation
• Mushroom house
• Cement concrete platform
• Tray beds
• Compost
• Spawn of button mushroom
• Casing soil
• Sprayer
• Box for gathering mushroom
• Sterilization facility
• Wooden mould
• Wodden board
• Newspaper sheets
• Lime or carbonate of lime
• pH meter
Tray beds for cultivation

14. Requirements for cultivation
• Mushroom house
• Cement concrete platform
• Tray beds
• Compost
• Spawn of button mushroom
• Casing soil
• Sprayer
• Box for gathering mushroom
• Sterilization facility
• Wooden mould
• Wodden board
• Newspaper sheets
• Lime or carbonate of lime
• pH meter compost

15. Requirements for cultivation
• Mushroom house
• Cement concrete platform
• Tray beds
• Compost
• Spawn of button mushroom
• Casing soil
• Sprayer
• Box for gathering mushroom
• Sterilization facility
• Wooden mould
• Wodden board
• Newspaper sheets
• Lime or carbonate of lime
• pH meter
Spawn of button mushroom

16. Requirements for cultivation
• Mushroom house
• Cement concrete platform
• Tray beds
• Compost
• Spawn of button mushroom
• Casing soil
• Sprayer
• Box for gathering mushroom
• Sterilization facility
• Wooden mould
• Wodden board
• Newspaper sheets
• Lime or carbonate of lime
• pH meter
Casing soil

17. Requirements for cultivation
• Mushroom house
• Cement concrete platform
• Tray beds
• Compost
• Spawn of button mushroom
• Casing soil
• Sprayer
• Box for gathering mushroom
• Sterilization facility
• Wooden mould
• Wodden board
• Newspaper sheets
• Lime or carbonate of lime
• pH meter

18. Requirements for cultivation
• Mushroom house
• Cement concrete platform
• Tray beds
• Compost
• Spawn of button mushroom
• Casing soil
• Sprayer
• Box for gathering mushroom
• Sterilization facility
• Wooden mould
• Wodden board
• Newspaper sheets
• Lime or carbonate of lime
• pH meter

19. Requirements for cultivation
• Mushroom house
• Cement concrete platform
• Tray beds
• Compost
• Spawn of button mushroom
• Casing soil
• Sprayer
• Box for gathering mushroom
• Sterilization facility
• Wooden mould
• Wodden board
• Newspaper sheets
• Lime or carbonate of lime
• pH meter

20. Preparation of compost
+ Compost is the substrate on which mushroom grows
+ Process is known as composting
+ A synthetic compost is made out of wheat straw which contains
+ For 25 tray beds
Chopped wheat straw(3-6 cm long) 300kg
Wheat bran 15kg
Calcium ammonium substrate 6kg
Superphosphate 7.5kg
Urea 2.4g
 potassium sulfate 3kg
Gypsum 30kg
Saw dust 10-12kg

21. Spread the pre mixed constituent over the wheat
straw surface and mix thoroughly
Stack the mixture into a pile of 1.30 m and allow it to
compost for 28-30days under aerobic condition
Dismantle the heap and prepare pile again by placing
the outer compost inside and vice versa this is known
as TURNING OF THE COMPOST
First turning:-6th day, add more CAN and urea and
wheat bran
Second turning:-10th day add gypsum and more
water
Third turning:- after every 3rd day. Last turn on
25th day

22. Prepared compost should be brown
to dark brownin colour

23. Filling of tray beds
+Spread the prepared compost
on the platform
+Mix 3kg of calcium carbonate to
it
+Compress the compost in the
tray using a wooden board
leaving 1 cm clear space on the
top of the tray

24. Spawning
+ Spawning means planting mushroom
mycelium
+ A.bisporus spawn is especially grown on
wheat or sorghum grains in specialized
spawn laboratories (NCMRT)
+ Process after spawn are prepared
+ Maintain the room temperature between
24*C to 25*C for 12-15 days for formation
of mycelium strand all over the tray
+ White cottony mycelium over the compost
and change of compost colour from dark to
light brown confirm the completion of
spawn running period
Spread the pawn on tray
beds when half filled with
compost and again after
the tray is filled
Gently mixed spawn with
fore fingers uniformly
Cover the tray with
newspaper and sprinle
some water for humidity
Stack the tray on one
other
Continue water spraying
twice a day depending on
the humidity in weather

26. Casing
+ Casing means covering the compost with a thin layer of soil or soil like material after the
spawn run
+ Normal soil cant be used in india we use many combination some are
+ Well rotten cow dung with light soil(3:1)
+ Soil and sand(1:1)
+ Farm yard manure and gravel(4:1)
+ Farm yard manure and loam(1:1)
+ Soil and peat(2:1)
+ Spent compost, sand and slaked lime(4:1:1) (commonly used)
+ There are three steps for proper casing i.e., preparation, sterilization and casing the beds

27. Preparation of casing soil
+Mix four parts of spent compost with one part of sand and 5kg
of slaked lime per cubic of compost
+Treat the mixture with nemagon(nematicide)
+Leave the pile under tree for over year
+Turn inside out the pile every 4 months
+Sieve the spent compost which is now black soil after a year
whose pH is between 8 and 8.5(adjusted by lime or carbonate
of lime or free stone)

28. Sterilization of casing soil
+Sterilization is done either by chemicals or by heating or by -
steam, boiler (70-75*c temp)
+Chemicals are formalin, chloropicrin, methyl bromide or vapam

29. Casing of beds Removal of
newspaper sheets
after 3 weeks
Gently press the
compost with the
help of wooden
board
Cover the beds
with 2-2.5 cm thick
layer of sterilized
casing material
• Spray water over the casing to maintain 70 to 80 per cent
• Observe the beds for mushroom crop which can be expected
After 5 to 20 days
• Mushroom mostly appear in flushes
• After 7 to 8 days at 15*C the button stage form after the first
Appearance of the formation of a pun head

31. Harvesting of mushroom
+ Harvesting time depend on the market
demand
+ Hold the cap with forefinger slightly
Pressed against the soil and twist it out
 The mycelium and soil particles are cut
out with knife
 The mushroom are then stored in
wodden multistory trays for resting

32. Storage of mushroom
+Store the mushroom at 4*C in
a refrigerator for few days to
avoid quality deterioration
+If not stored properly white
colour of mushroom turns into
brown and then black which is
unfit for cooking
+Then mushroom are packed
and sold in market