swiss re building london by norman foster and hakwins house

1. HISTORY OF ACHITECTURE
HIGH TECH ARCHITECTURE MOVEMENT

2. HIGH TECH BUILDING
 High Tech is a style that accentuates
a building's construction. High Tech was a
development in British Modernist architecture
from the late 1960s.
 It was a concept of design, based on engineering,
construction and other aspects, such as the
manipulation of space.

3. FEATURES OF HIGHTECH BUILDING
 They included the prominent display of the building's technical and functional
components, and an orderly arrangement and use of pre-fabricated elements. Glass
walls and steel frames were also immensely popular.
 The high-tech buildings make persistent use of glass curtain walls and steel structure.
 FLEXIBLE INTERIORS
 Open plan with the ability to partition as necessary.
 EXPRESSED CONSTRUCTION
 Structures such as beams and cables visibly displayed.
 COLOURED PIPEWORK AND SERVICES
 Color used to delineate structural parts and areas.
 LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION
 Use of steel and glass some with reflective surfaces.

4. NORMAN FOSTER
 Born: 1 June 1935 (age 85 years), Reddish, Stockport,
United Kingdom
 Business partners: Richard Rogers, Wendy
Foster, MORE
 Spouse: Elena Ochoa Foster (m. 1996), Sabiha Rumani
Malik (m. 1991–1995), Wendy Foster (m. 1964–1989)
 Education: Yale School of Architecture (1961–1962),

5. INTRODUCTION  Norman Foster was born in Manchester in 1935.
 After graduating from Manchester University School of
Architecture and City Planning in 1961 he won a Henry
Fellowship to Yale University, where he gained a
Master’s Degree in Architecture.
 He is the founder and chairman of Foster and Partners.
Founded in London in 1967,
 Over the past four decades the company has been
responsible for a strikingly wide range of work, from
urban master plans, public infrastructure, airports, civic
and cultural buildings, offices and workplaces to private
houses and product design.
 the practice has received more than 400 awards and
citations for excellence and has won numerous
international and national competitions.

6. AWARDS
 the practice has received more than 400
awards and citations for excellence and has
won numerous international and national
competitions.
 He became the 21st Pritzker Architecture
Prize Laureate in 1999. He has been
awarded the American Institute of
Architects Gold Medal for Architecture
(1994), the Royal Gold Medal for
Architecture (1983),

7. ST . MARY AXE ,
LONDON
‘THE GHERKIN’

8. INTRODUCTION
 30 st Mary axe , better known as the gherkin because
is floor plan resembled sliced pickle.
 Flexible and environmentally sound office space in
London .
 London’s first ecological green tall building.
 It is the second highest building in the city of London.
 The site of the 30 st Mary axe building lies at the heart
of the city’s insurance district.

9. introduction
 Each floor is circular and comprises an outer ring with
equally spaced radial beams.
 The building provides 500000sq ft of office space .
 Building type : commercial highrise building.
 Floors : 40 floors
 Height : 179.8meters.
 Estimated actual area ; 500000sq ft
 Project value : 200million dollars

10. PLANNING AND
IMPLEMENTATION
 Swiss re started developing proposals for the site in
1998.
 The construction work started in January 2001.
 Completion date : September 2003.
 The building officially opened in march 2004.
 30st Mary axe is situated on a site of 1.4 acres.

11. MATERIALS USED FOR THE
CONSTRUCTION
 35km of steel ,10thousand tons were used to build the
swiss re
 24,000sq meters of glass were used for the exterior of
the building , equivalent to five football fields .
 The building was designed to the use recycled or
recyclable materials whenever possible .
 The tower’s exterior cladding consists of roughly 5500
flat triangular ,diamond shaped glass panels .

12. ISSUE
On 25th April 2005 the process reported that a glass panel 590ft tower
had fallen to the plaza beneath on 18 April .
The plaza was sealed off , but the building remained open.
Engineers examined the other 744 glass panels on the building .

13. UNIQUE FORM
 The world’s 18th strangest building
 The cigar shaped profile responds to the
specific demands of the small site.
 It appears less bulky than a conventional
rectangular block .
 The slim base reduces reflections and
increase daylight penetration.
 The rounded shape also prevents wind from
being deflected and maintains a comfortable
space in the public plaza.

14. UNIQUE FORM
 Constructed on a diagrid structure
 Made of 5500 glass panels
 Only one piece of curved glass is the lens
 Radial floor design with each floor is rotated 5degree
 Smaller footprint allows for a public plaza
 Aerodynamic shape creates less downdraft
 Building shape allows for natural light

15. SUSTAINABILITY AND
VENTILATION
 Differing air pressures and double skin façade allow for
the natural ventilation
 Six spiraling light wells allow daylight top flood onto
the floors
 Windows open when external temperature is between
20degree c and 26degree c and wind speed is less
than 10mph
 Windows and blinds are computer controlled
 Solar blinds to reclaim or reject heat

16. ENERGY USE
 Temperature can be controlled in several separate
zones on each floor.
 Building can potentially turn off mechanical
temperature system 40% of the year .
 Main energy source is gas.
 Building was supported to consume 50%less
energy.
 The building uses open windows and natural
ventilation to reduce energy costs.

17. BUILDING FEATURES
 The tower is aerodynamically designed to reduce wind load on the structure
,whilst the lower part tapes so that wind wraps around the tower.
 The six fingers of accommodation on each floor, configured with light wells in
between ,maximize daylight penetration .
 The façade design with advance glazing technologies ,ventilated cavities and
blinds , provides up to 85% solar protection.
 Gas is the main fuel used hence it will only generate half the carbon emission.
 Overall energy serving is up to 50%.


18. CIRCULATION
 Each of the two main stairwells
contains,1,307 stairs .
 The 23 lifts vary in velocity from 1m/sec
to 6 m/sec.

19. LIFTS
 There are 18 passenger lifts in the building.
 378 people can be vertically transported
through the building at speed upto6m/sec at
any time .

20. LEVELS
 There are 3 different
levels :
 Low rise go from lobby to
level 12
 Medium rise lifts go from
lobby to 22 stopping
from level 11.
 High rise lifts go from
lobby to 34 stopping
from level 22 .
 Shuttle lift goes from
level 34 to level 39.

21. INCLUDES
the building consist of
Scheduled of different floors
Longue bars and restaurant
Private dinning
Plaza
Software's used for the building
AutoCAD and I render

22. CONCLUSION
 Technology is always evolving to meet the changing
needs of users and in this was used for efficiently.
 Planning was detailed ,organized ,and involved team
participation with specialists assigned for each activity.

23. MICHAEL HOPKINS
 Sir Michael John Hopkins CBE RA is an English
architect. Wikipedia
 Born: 7 May 1935 (age 85 years), Poole, United
Kingdom
 Spouse: Patty Hopkins
 Education: Sherborne School, Architectural
Association
 Business partners: Ewan Christian, Chris
Wilkinson, John Pringle, Mark Sutcliffe, Ian Sharratt

24. INTRODUCTION  Hopkins was one of the leading figures in the
introduction of high-tech architecture into Britain.
 One of their first buildings was their own house in
Hampstead, a lightweight steel structure with glass
façades.[4] Early Hopkins buildings, such as the Greene
King brewery in Bury St Edmunds and the Schlumberger
laboratories near Cambridge, used new materials and
construction techniques.
 Michael Hopkins was elected to the Royal Academy in
1992 and appointed a CBE and knighted for services to
architecture.

25. Hampstead
house
 The Hopkins House at 49a Downshire Hill
is the common name given to the high-
tech home and workspace in Hampstead,
London, designed by architects Michael
and Patty Hopkins. It has been described
as a "genuine icon of the High Tech
movement". Wikipedia
 Address: 49A Downshire Hill, Hampstead,
London NW3 1NX, United Kingdom
 Opened: 1976
 Architecture firm: Hopkins Architects
 Architectural style: High-tech
architecture
 Architect: Michael Hopkins
 Size240 m²

26.  It was a simple two-storey glass and steel box, with
few permanent interior partitions, only occasional
plastic panels for privacy of the bathrooms and
sleeping areas. The steel frame structure is left clearly
visible.
 Its footprint was defined by building restriction lines,
leaving a 10 m x 12 m rectangle on two levels. From the
front, however, the house appears to be single-storey,
because the site is 2.5 m below the road. The main
entrance is at first-floor level across a footbridge,
spanning a slope down to the garden level.

27.  Construction techniques, being developed for larger commercial buildings, were
used. A small-scale structural steel grid of 2 m x 4 m was chosen, which meant the
components could be small and light. Perimeter columns at 2 m centres support
the cladding and glazing, without sub-frames. Metal decking for both the floor
and roof is supported on a two-way grid of lattice trusses on freestanding
columns. Side walls are of an insulated metal decking sandwich and front and
back walls have full-height sliding glass doors, with no vertical frames.
 The internal planning is open and flexible. Venetian blinds hanging between the
internal columns define the various living functions, while prefabricated melamine
partitions enclose the bedrooms and shower rooms. The two levels are connected
by an open spiral staircase. The basic strategy and cost restraints have produced a
building of simplicity

28. PLAN

29. Stairs, dinning and office

30. THANK YOU