#AIDS associated disease

2. • Moritz Kaposi was an important
Hungarian physician and
dermatologist, discoverer of the skin
tumor that received his name.
• Kaposi's sarcoma is a tumor that is
caused by a virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-
associated herpesvirus or KSHV,
discovered in 1993.

3.  Identified as incurable condition;
• The disease leads to death,
and it does so within a short
period of two to three
years...
• The disease must, from our
present experience, be
considered from the onset
not only as incurable but also
as deadly.“

4. • This occurs more often in men than in women.
• HIV-1 associated kaposi sarcoma has high
occurance in homosexual men.
• Most cultures of these tumors yeild cells with
properties of hyperplastic endothelial cells.

6. • KSHV is a herpes virus(human
herpes 8).
• large double- stranded DNA virus
with a protein covering that
packages its nucleic acids called
the capsid
• which is then surrounded by an
amorphous protein layer called the
tegument
• finally enclosed in a lipid envelope
derived in part from the cell
membrane.

7. • KSHV appears to be shed in saliva independent of subjects
immune status
• Viral DNA is detected in breast milk samples in African
patients.
• HSHV 8 infects dividing B cells CD45+phase
• Sexaully transmitted among men who have sex with men.
Who have higher prevalence ( 30- 60%)
• Infections are common in Africa (>50%) with infections
acquired early in life by nonsexual routes, through contact
with oral secretions

8. • Kaposi's tumors are divided into 3 groups;
• Nodular lesions(varying size and thickness,purple and
has brown or yellow pigment around them).
• Infiltrating lesions(quite large,may be raised,grown
downward beneath the skin).
• Lymphatic lesions.

9. Nodular lesion

10. Infiltrate lesion

11. KSHV involving oral cavity

12.  The most common type of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in the United
States is epidemic or AIDS-related KS.
 This type of KS develops in people who are infected with HIV, the
virus that causes AIDS.
 A person infected with HIV (that is, who is HIV- positive) does
not necessarily have AIDS.
 The virus can be present in the body for a long time, typically
many years, before causing major illness.
 The disease known as AIDS begins when the virus has seriously
damaged the immune system,

13.  Classic Kaposi sarcoma (KS) occurs in elderly people of
Mediterranean, Eastern European, and Middle Eastern
heritage.
 Classic KS is more common in men than in women.
 Patients typically have one or more lesions on the legs, ankles,
or the soles of the feet.
 In comparison with other types of KS, the lesions in this type
do not grow as quickly, and new lesions do not develop as
often.

14.  Endemic Kaposi sarcoma (KS) occurs in people living in
Equatorial Africa and is sometimes called African KS.
 KS herpes virus infection is much more common in Africa than
in other parts of the world, increasing the chance of KS
developing.

15.  When Kaposi sarcoma (KS) develops in people whose immune
systems have been suppressed after an organ transplant it is
called iatrogenic, or transplant-associated, KS.
 Most transplant patients take drugs to keep the immune system
from rejecting (attacking and killing) the new organ.

16. • Viral DNA
can be
detected in
patient
specimens
using PCR
assays.
• Viral culture is
impractical
Serology

17. • It is not curable but can be treated
for years.
• People with few local lesions can be
treated with local measures such as
cyrosurgery.
• Weak evidence suggest that
antiretroviral therapy in combination
with chemotherapy

19.  Several drugs were in trail or
use Foscarnet.
 Gancilo
vir,
Cidofovi
r
 With use of Above drugs KSHV
replication is reduced.