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Indicaciones1.- Investigay define brevemente que esuna ecuacióntrascedente
Una ecuaciónque no se reduce a una ecuaciónalgebraicamediantetransformacionesalgebraicas
se denominaecuacióntrascendente.
Una ecuaciónH(x) = j(x) se llama trascendente,si porlomenosunade las funcionesH(x) oj(x) no
esalgebraica
. Estas ecuacionesconllevanlogaritmosde cualquierabase de lasincógnitas;lasincógnitascomo
exponentesocomoargumentosde expresionestrigonométricas.
Ejemplos:
Las ecuacionestrascendentesmássimplessonlastrigonométricas, logarítmicasyexponenciales.
El términotrascendentese refiere aque laecuacióno suresoluciónvamás alládel álgebra;
trasciende el álgebra
2.-Da lecturaal documentoSOLUCION NUMERICA DE ECUACIONESALGEBRAICASY
TRASCENDENTES.pdf yaplicandoel métodode aproximacionessucesivasobténlaraíz de
a) f(x)=cos-
1
2
𝑥+1
cos -
1
2
𝑥+1= 0
x + cos -
1
2
𝑥+1 = x
Valorinicial de x = 6.26
Funcion(x)
6.26+cos(-0.5*6.26)+1=6.260067
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100
=|(6.260067-6.26)/6.260067| * 100=0.00107
Funcion(x)
6.260067+cos(-0.5*6.260067)+1=6.260134
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100
=|(6.260134-6.260067)/6.260134| * 100=0.00107
Funcion(x)
6.260134+cos(-0.5*6.260134)+1=6.2602
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100
=|(6.2602-6.260134)/6.2602| * 100=0.001054
Funcion(x)
6.2602+cos(-0.5*6.2602)+1=6.260266
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100
=|(6.260266-6.2602)/6.260266| * 100=0.001054
Funcion(x)
6.260266+cos(-0.5*6.260266)+1=6.260332
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100
=|(6.260332-6.260266)/6.260332| * 100=0.001054
Funcion(x)
6.260332+cos(-0.5*6.260332)+1=6.260397
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100
=|(6.260397-6.260332)/6.260397| * 100=0.001038
Funcion(x)
6.260397+cos(-0.5*6.260397)+1=6.260462
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100
=|(6.260462-6.260397)/6.260462| * 100=0.001038
Funcion(x)
6.260462+cos(-0.5*6.260462)+1=6.260527
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100
=|(6.260527-6.260462)/6.260527| * 100=0.001038
Funcion(x)
6.260527+cos(-0.5*6.260527)+1=6.260591
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100
=|(6.260591-6.260527)/6.260591| * 100=0.001022
Funcion(x)
6.260591+cos(-0.5*6.260591)+1=6.260655
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100
=|(6.260655-6.260591)/6.260655| * 100=0.001022
Funcion(x)
6.260655+cos(-0.5*6.260655)+1=6.260718
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100
=|(6.260718-6.260655)/6.260718| * 100=0.001006
Funcion(x)
6.260718+cos(-0.5*6.260718)+1=6.260781
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100
=|(6.260781-6.260718)/6.260781| * 100=0.001006
Funcion(x)
6.260781+cos(-0.5*6.260781)+1=6.260844
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100
=|(6.260844-6.260781)/6.260844| * 100=0.001006
Funcion(x)
6.260844+cos(-0.5*6.260844)+1=6.260906
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100
=|(6.260906-6.260844)/6.260906| * 100=0.00099
X Funcion(x) Error
6.26 6.260067 0.00107
6.260067 6.260134 0.00107
6.260134 6.2602 0.001054
6.2602 6.260266 0.001054
6.260266 6.260332 0.001054
6.260332 6.260397 0.001038
6.260397 6.260462 0.001038
6.260462 6.260527 0.001038
6.260527 6.260591 0.001022
6.260591 6.260655 0.001022
6.260655 6.260718 0.001006
6.260718 6.260781 0.001006
6.260781 6.260844 0.001006
Graficandola funciónf(x)=cos -
1
2
𝑥+1 se confirmaque el resultadoaproximadoescorrecto,siendo
el valorverdaderode laraíz 2π≈6.283185307179586
b) f(𝑥) = 𝒆𝒙
– 3 x
𝒆𝒙
– 3 x=0
𝒆𝒙
= 3 x
3 x =𝒆𝒙
X= 𝒆𝒙
/3
Valor inicial= 0.6 ERP= 0.001 % 5 decimales de redondeo
Funcion(x)
(e^0.6)/3=0.60737
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.60737-0.6)/0.60737| * 100=1.21343
Funcion(x)
(e^0.60737)/3=0.61187
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.61187-0.60737)/0.61187| * 100=0.73545
Funcion(x)
(e^0.61187)/3=0.61463
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.61463-0.61187)/0.61463| * 100=0.44905
Funcion(x)
(e^0.61463)/3=0.61632
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.61632-0.61463)/0.61632| * 100=0.27421
Funcion(x)
(e^0.61632)/3=0.61737
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.61737-0.61632)/0.61737| * 100=0.17008
Funcion(x)
(e^0.61737)/3=0.61802
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.61802-0.61737)/0.61802| * 100=0.10517
Funcion(x)
(e^0.61802)/3=0.61842
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.61842-0.61802)/0.61842| * 100=0.06468
Funcion(x)
(e^0.61842)/3=0.61866
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.61866-0.61842)/0.61866| * 100=0.03879
Funcion(x)
(e^0.61866)/3=0.61881
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.61881-0.61866)/0.61881| * 100=0.02424
Funcion(x)
(e^0.61881)/3=0.61891
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.61891-0.61881)/0.61891| * 100=0.01616
Funcion(x)
(e^0.61891)/3=0.61897
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.61897-0.61891)/0.61897| * 100=0.00969
Funcion(x)
(e^0.61897)/3=0.619
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.619-0.61897)/0.619| * 100=0.00485
Funcion(x)
(e^0.619)/3=0.61902
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.61902-0.619)/0.61902| * 100=0.00323
Funcion(x)
(e^0.61902)/3=0.61904
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.61904-0.61902)/0.61904| * 100=0.00323
Funcion(x)
(e^0.61904)/3=0.61905
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.61905-0.61904)/0.61905| * 100=0.00162
Funcion(x)
(e^0.61905)/3=0.61905
error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
=|(0.61905-0.61905)/0.61905| * 100=0.0
X Funcion(x) Error
0.6 0.60737 1.21343
0.60737 0.61187 0.73545
0.61187 0.61463 0.44905
0.61463 0.61632 0.27421
0.61632 0.61737 0.17008
0.61737 0.61802 0.10517
0.61802 0.61842 0.06468
0.61842 0.61866 0.03879
0.61866 0.61881 0.02424
0.61881 0.61891 0.01616
0.61891 0.61897 0.00969
0.61897 0.619 0.00485
0.619 0.61902 0.00323
0.61902 0.61904 0.00323
0.61904 0.61905 0.00162
Graficandof(𝑥) = 𝑒𝑥 – 3 x se obtiene la siguiente grafica que confirma la aproximación de la
raiz
133467 p1a6

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133467 p1a6

  • 1. Indicaciones1.- Investigay define brevemente que esuna ecuacióntrascedente Una ecuaciónque no se reduce a una ecuaciónalgebraicamediantetransformacionesalgebraicas se denominaecuacióntrascendente. Una ecuaciónH(x) = j(x) se llama trascendente,si porlomenosunade las funcionesH(x) oj(x) no esalgebraica . Estas ecuacionesconllevanlogaritmosde cualquierabase de lasincógnitas;lasincógnitascomo exponentesocomoargumentosde expresionestrigonométricas. Ejemplos: Las ecuacionestrascendentesmássimplessonlastrigonométricas, logarítmicasyexponenciales. El términotrascendentese refiere aque laecuacióno suresoluciónvamás alládel álgebra; trasciende el álgebra
  • 2. 2.-Da lecturaal documentoSOLUCION NUMERICA DE ECUACIONESALGEBRAICASY TRASCENDENTES.pdf yaplicandoel métodode aproximacionessucesivasobténlaraíz de a) f(x)=cos- 1 2 𝑥+1 cos - 1 2 𝑥+1= 0 x + cos - 1 2 𝑥+1 = x Valorinicial de x = 6.26 Funcion(x) 6.26+cos(-0.5*6.26)+1=6.260067 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100 =|(6.260067-6.26)/6.260067| * 100=0.00107 Funcion(x) 6.260067+cos(-0.5*6.260067)+1=6.260134 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100 =|(6.260134-6.260067)/6.260134| * 100=0.00107 Funcion(x) 6.260134+cos(-0.5*6.260134)+1=6.2602 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100 =|(6.2602-6.260134)/6.2602| * 100=0.001054 Funcion(x) 6.2602+cos(-0.5*6.2602)+1=6.260266 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100 =|(6.260266-6.2602)/6.260266| * 100=0.001054 Funcion(x)
  • 3. 6.260266+cos(-0.5*6.260266)+1=6.260332 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100 =|(6.260332-6.260266)/6.260332| * 100=0.001054 Funcion(x) 6.260332+cos(-0.5*6.260332)+1=6.260397 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100 =|(6.260397-6.260332)/6.260397| * 100=0.001038 Funcion(x) 6.260397+cos(-0.5*6.260397)+1=6.260462 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100 =|(6.260462-6.260397)/6.260462| * 100=0.001038 Funcion(x) 6.260462+cos(-0.5*6.260462)+1=6.260527 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100 =|(6.260527-6.260462)/6.260527| * 100=0.001038 Funcion(x) 6.260527+cos(-0.5*6.260527)+1=6.260591 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100 =|(6.260591-6.260527)/6.260591| * 100=0.001022 Funcion(x) 6.260591+cos(-0.5*6.260591)+1=6.260655 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100 =|(6.260655-6.260591)/6.260655| * 100=0.001022
  • 4. Funcion(x) 6.260655+cos(-0.5*6.260655)+1=6.260718 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100 =|(6.260718-6.260655)/6.260718| * 100=0.001006 Funcion(x) 6.260718+cos(-0.5*6.260718)+1=6.260781 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100 =|(6.260781-6.260718)/6.260781| * 100=0.001006 Funcion(x) 6.260781+cos(-0.5*6.260781)+1=6.260844 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100 =|(6.260844-6.260781)/6.260844| * 100=0.001006 Funcion(x) 6.260844+cos(-0.5*6.260844)+1=6.260906 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual|*100 =|(6.260906-6.260844)/6.260906| * 100=0.00099 X Funcion(x) Error 6.26 6.260067 0.00107 6.260067 6.260134 0.00107
  • 5. 6.260134 6.2602 0.001054 6.2602 6.260266 0.001054 6.260266 6.260332 0.001054 6.260332 6.260397 0.001038 6.260397 6.260462 0.001038 6.260462 6.260527 0.001038 6.260527 6.260591 0.001022 6.260591 6.260655 0.001022 6.260655 6.260718 0.001006 6.260718 6.260781 0.001006 6.260781 6.260844 0.001006 Graficandola funciónf(x)=cos - 1 2 𝑥+1 se confirmaque el resultadoaproximadoescorrecto,siendo el valorverdaderode laraíz 2π≈6.283185307179586 b) f(𝑥) = 𝒆𝒙 – 3 x 𝒆𝒙 – 3 x=0 𝒆𝒙 = 3 x 3 x =𝒆𝒙
  • 6. X= 𝒆𝒙 /3 Valor inicial= 0.6 ERP= 0.001 % 5 decimales de redondeo Funcion(x) (e^0.6)/3=0.60737 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.60737-0.6)/0.60737| * 100=1.21343 Funcion(x) (e^0.60737)/3=0.61187 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.61187-0.60737)/0.61187| * 100=0.73545 Funcion(x) (e^0.61187)/3=0.61463 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.61463-0.61187)/0.61463| * 100=0.44905 Funcion(x) (e^0.61463)/3=0.61632 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.61632-0.61463)/0.61632| * 100=0.27421 Funcion(x) (e^0.61632)/3=0.61737 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.61737-0.61632)/0.61737| * 100=0.17008
  • 7. Funcion(x) (e^0.61737)/3=0.61802 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.61802-0.61737)/0.61802| * 100=0.10517 Funcion(x) (e^0.61802)/3=0.61842 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.61842-0.61802)/0.61842| * 100=0.06468 Funcion(x) (e^0.61842)/3=0.61866 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.61866-0.61842)/0.61866| * 100=0.03879 Funcion(x) (e^0.61866)/3=0.61881 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.61881-0.61866)/0.61881| * 100=0.02424 Funcion(x) (e^0.61881)/3=0.61891 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.61891-0.61881)/0.61891| * 100=0.01616 Funcion(x) (e^0.61891)/3=0.61897 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100
  • 8. =|(0.61897-0.61891)/0.61897| * 100=0.00969 Funcion(x) (e^0.61897)/3=0.619 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.619-0.61897)/0.619| * 100=0.00485 Funcion(x) (e^0.619)/3=0.61902 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.61902-0.619)/0.61902| * 100=0.00323 Funcion(x) (e^0.61902)/3=0.61904 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.61904-0.61902)/0.61904| * 100=0.00323 Funcion(x) (e^0.61904)/3=0.61905 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.61905-0.61904)/0.61905| * 100=0.00162 Funcion(x) (e^0.61905)/3=0.61905 error= |(f(x)actual-f(x)anterior)/f(x)actual| * 100 =|(0.61905-0.61905)/0.61905| * 100=0.0
  • 9. X Funcion(x) Error 0.6 0.60737 1.21343 0.60737 0.61187 0.73545 0.61187 0.61463 0.44905 0.61463 0.61632 0.27421 0.61632 0.61737 0.17008 0.61737 0.61802 0.10517 0.61802 0.61842 0.06468 0.61842 0.61866 0.03879 0.61866 0.61881 0.02424 0.61881 0.61891 0.01616 0.61891 0.61897 0.00969 0.61897 0.619 0.00485 0.619 0.61902 0.00323 0.61902 0.61904 0.00323 0.61904 0.61905 0.00162 Graficandof(𝑥) = 𝑒𝑥 – 3 x se obtiene la siguiente grafica que confirma la aproximación de la raiz