Key informant interview Key informant Planning Advantage Disadvantage

1. KEY INFORMANT
INTERVIEW
PRESENTED BY:
Bidya Thapa
Tika Thapa
B.Sc.Nursing 4th year

2. OVERVIEW:
 Key Informant Interview
Purpose
Criteria for assessing key Informant.
How to approach key informant.
Tips for successful communication
Ethical principle
Planning during Key Informant Interview.

3. OVERVIEW:
 Advantage
Disadvantage
Sample
Difference between Key informant interview
and Indepth Interview.
Research Article

4. INTRODUCTION
• The term ‘Key Informant’ refers to a person who
can provide detailed information and opinions on a
particular subject based on his/her knowledge of the
particular issue.
• Key Informant Interview ( KII) are qualitative in-
depth interview with people who know what is
going on in the community.

5. Contd…
• Key Informant are the people with first hand
knowledge and expertise.

6. Contd…
• Primary goal is to obtain qualitative description of
perceptions or experiences, rather than measuring
aspects of the experience.
• It should last 20-30
minutes but may go longer,
if interviewee is interested.

7. Contd…
• Questions are open ended.
• The two techniques used to conduct KII:-
 Telephone Interview
 Face to Face Interview

8. DEFINITION
Key Informant Interview are open ended, semi
structured interview from informants who are usually
experts and decision makers , about a topic to gather
specific qualitative information.

9. PURPOSE OF KII
1. To collect information from a wide range of
people including community leaders,
professionals and residents.
2. To get the information about a pressing issue or
problems in the community.
3. To discuss sensitive topics , get respondents
candid discussion of the topic or to get the depth
of the information that is needed.

10. Contd…
4. To discover information about people’s belief and
practice related to the crisis.
5. To get understanding of an issue or culture.

11. ASSESSING THE KEY INFORMANT
The reliability of Key Informant can be assessed in
terms of several criteria:-
1. Knowledgeability
A good informant has first hand knowledge of
the issues and is therefore in a position to give
accurate information.

12. Contd…
2. Credibility
The Key Informant answers questions
thoughtfully and candidly . He/she perceptive about
the issues and doesnot exaggerate or play up his or
her own importance.

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3. Impartiality
In some cases, a Key Informant may have an
ulterior motive for providing inaccurate information.
A respondent whose comments are overly positive or
negative doesnot make a good key informant.

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4. Willingness to respond
If for some reason, an informant was not totally
cooperative during the interview, his or her hesistancy
should be considered during the data analysis stage.

15. Contd…
5. Outside Constraints
The presence of outsiders during the
interview can seriously influence responses.

16. How to approach Key Informant
1.Yourself
2. Your Organization
3. Your Purpose
4. Convincing introduction
5. How much time will be needed
Introduction
6. Confidentiality

17. Tips for Successful Communication
1. Give the informant full attention.
2. Begin the interview with a warm-up. Ask the
informant about non- controversial topics.
3. Always confirm that the informant had time for
the interview by telling them how long the
interview is expected to last.

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4. Be alert to who else is listening to the conversation
because people are sometimes reluctant to speak in
the presence of others.
5. Do not rush the informant. Some people need time
to reflect on sensitive questions or like to pause
between thoughts.

19. Contd…
6. Repeat the main points of the informant’s
responses. Such as “ Then you feeling on this point
is…………”, help summarize responses and show
that the interviewer is listening carefully.
7. Be neutral no matter how misinformed or
preposterous the informant’s views seem.

20. Contd…
8. If an informant has difficult talking about a
sensitive subject , try depersonalizing it.

21. Three Ethical Principle
1. Respect For Person
2. Beneficience
3. Justice

22. Contd…
1. Respect for person
Respect people’s autonomy, particularly their
ability to make independent decisions and act on
those decisions. Implemented through informed
consent.

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2. Beneficence
Project / Studies need to maximize benefits and
minimize risks. Implemented by risk/ benefit
analysis.

24. Contd…
3. Justice
Select participants for the project study in such a
way that there is fair opportunity for inclusion and
vulnerable population are not exploited .

26. Planning
1. Gather and review existing data
• Collect and review the existing research data before
determining what additional information needs to be
collected from key informant.

27. Contd…
2. Determine what information is needed
• The first step is preparing for key informant
interviews.
• Draft the primary questions and then the next is to
determine, what type of data is needed.

28. Contd…
3. Determine target population and brainstorm
possible key informant
• Before selecting key informants, it is important to
map out the target population and after that better
brainstorm.

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4. Choose key informants
• Key informant must have the first hand knowledge
and can be a wide range of people.

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5. Choose type of interview
• The next step is to select a technique to obtain
information from each of informant, either by -
Telephone interview
- Face to face interview

31. Contd…
6. Develop on interview tool
• The interview tool typically contains an outlined
script and a list of open ended questions relevant to
the topic.

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• Main components of the interview tools:-
a. Introduction
 Introduce yourself ,project and general rule
to write introduction should do the
following :

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 Purpose
 Involvement, benefit and the scope of the
project.
 Role in the process and credibility
 Information will be used shared

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b. Key question
c. Probing question

35. Contd…
d. Closing question
e. Summary

36. Contd…
7. Determine documentation method
• Compile interview information to ensure data
collection efficiency, quality and consistency across
interviews.

37. Contd…
• There are two methods that can be use to record the
interview responses :-
i. Note taking
ii. Tape recording

38. Contd…
8. Select designated interviewer
• Determine who in the partnership has the skill or
background to conduct the interviews.

39. Contd…
• Interviewers should be :-
- Good listeners, strong communication skills,
able to take detailed notes.
- Be detailed oriented and comfortable meeting
and talking to new people.

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9. Conduct key informant interview
• The interview tool with partnership develops will
help structure the discussion and carefully sequence
the various key questions.

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• Interviewers can practice and familiarize themselves
with the script and questions before meeting the key
informants.

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10. Compile and organize key informant
interview data
• As soon as the partnership starts the process of
collecting the key informant interview data, we will
manage a lot of data and discuss with partnership
and note the decision.

43. Advantages
• Information comes directly from knowledgeable
people.
• Opportunity to explore unanticipated ideas.
• Easy and inexpensive.

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• Can contact informants to clarify issues as needed.
• Can raise awareness, interest and euthusiasm around
an issue.

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• It provide flexibility to explore new ideas and issue
that had not been anticipated in planning the study
but that are relevant to it’s purpose.

46. Disadvantages
• It provide only a very limited basis for qualification,
they are rarely appropriate when quantitative data
are needed.
• Vulnerable to informant or interviewer bias.
• Difficult to prove validity of findings.

47. Contd…
• May be challenging to reach and schedule
interviewers with busy and hard to reach
respondents.
• Difficult to generalize results to the larger
population unless interviewing.

48. Sample key informant interview
School code
(if relevant)
Date
(dd/mm/yy)
Interview
number

49. Contd…
• This interview aims to identify the main barriers or
challenges that are preventing the academic
programs under the assessment from achieving their
scale up goals.

50. Contd…
Educators
1. What is your opinion of the quantity of
educators available for the academic
programs under assessment ?

51. Contd…
Category of
educators
Quantity of educators
I don’t know
0
Too few
1
Sufficient
2
Too many
3
1. Classroom
teachers, such as
professors, assistant
professors and
lecturers at the
school.
2. Clinical teachers,
such as preceptors,
clinical instructors,
or supervisors at
health facilities.

52. Contd…
2. Do schools in the country have a policy or
procedures that supports pregnant, educators or
educators with young children ?
i. Yes
ii. No
iii. I don’t know

53. Difference between the In-depth and
the Key Informant interview
In – depth interview Key informant interview
1. The in- depth interview
is a qualitative research
technique that conducts
intensive individual
interview with a small
number of respondent to
explore their perspectives or
particular idea, program or
situation etc.
1. Key informant interview
is an in- depth interview
with 15-35 people and it is
focused on a topic with
which the interviewee has
first hand knowledge.

54. Contd…
In – depth interview Key informant interview
2. It can be performed with
anyone.
2. It is performed with the
participant with unique
knowledge.
3. It aims to uncover
information about an issue
that has already come up.
3. It is designed to explore a
topic before digging for the
details.

55. Contd…
In – depth interview Key informant interview
4. In – depth interview takes
more time t administer than
the key informant interview.
4. Key informant interview
frequently takes less time to
administer than standard in-
depth interview.

56. Research article
• Commonalities and difference in the implementation of
models of care for arthritis : key informant interview
from canada.
• A qualitative descriptive was conducted among 70
program managers and/or care providers in three
canadian through snowball sampling by using semi-
structured key informant interview.

57. Contd…
• Type of participants in phase 1 was key informant
interviews and in phase 2 was in- depth case
studies.
• Commonalities included lack of complete and
appropriate referrals from primary care physicians
and lack of health human resources to meet local
demands.

58. Contd…
• Difference included the nature of the care and
follow- up, the role of the specialist and location of
service delivery.

59. MCQ’s:
1. What is the things that is not require to assess in
key informant interview?
A. Impartiality
B. Preposterous
C. Willingness to respond
D. Outside constraint
ANS: B

60. Contd…
2. Difficult to prove validity of findings is the……of
Key Informant Interview.
A. Characteristics
B. Purpose
C. Advantage
D. Disadvantage
ANS: A

61. Contd…
3. Selecting participants for the project study in such
a way that there is fair opportunity is………..
A. Respect for person
B. Beneficience
C. Fidelity
D. Justice
ANS: D

62. TRUE/ FALSE:
1. In KII, information should from anyone to get the
information.
2. Be neutral no matter, how misinformed or
preposterous the informants views seem.
3. Interviewer are allowed to take note during the
interview.
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE

63. ASSIGNMENT:
• Explain about merits and demerits of interview.

64. REFERENCES:
BOOK REFERENCES:
1. Sharma B.K. Nursing Research and Statistics. 3rd Edition.
Elsevier, Relx India Pvt.Ltd, India. Page no: 298 – 304
2. Basavanthappa BT. Nursing Research. 2nd Edition. Jaypee
Brothers, Medical Publishers. P.Ltd, New Delhi. Page no:
430 – 433, 307, 316

65. Contd…
3. Polit E.D. Beck. C. T Nursing Research, generating and
Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. 9th Edition. Wolters
Kluwer. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. Page no: 265 to 266

66. Contd…
NET REFERENCES:
• All about interviews- Aberystwyth University. Available
from: https//:www.abex.ccuk. Accessed on 22nd Sept, 2019
• Editing- Business Dictionary. Available from:
https//:www.businessdictionary.com. Accessed on 4th Nov.
2019