Bishop Kenny NJROTC Naval Science Two Lesson Weather Forecasting

1. CHAPTER 5
WEATHER FORECASTING

2. Weather Forecast
A prediction of weather conditions
expected at a place, within an area,
or along a route for a specified time
or during a specified period

3. The civilian weather agency is the
National Weather Service.

4. National Weather Service
An agency of the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration
responsible for meteorological
observations, weather forecasts,
storm, and flood warnings, etc.

5. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) is part of the
Department of Commerce.

6. National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
A division of the Department of
Commerce, created in 1970, that
conducts research on the world’s
oceans and atmosphere

7. The National Weather Service is
composed of a headquarters at Camp
Springs, Maryland, six national support
centers, and six regional headquarters.

8. The six regional headquarters support
field activities throughout the United
States, Puerto Rico, and on some of the
islands of the Pacific Ocean.

9. Clovis 13
North Clovis, NM
The National Weather Service also
receives weather data from some
12,000 substations, most of which
are manned by volunteers.

10. Chief among the six national support
centers is the National Centers for
Environmental Prediction.

11. The National Centers for Environmental
Prediction are a group of nine specialized
centers that focus on one aspect of the
overall national warning and forecasting
process. They include:
• Aviation Weather Center, Kansas City, MO
• Climate Prediction Center at the NWS
headquarters, Camp Springs, MD
• Space Environment Center, Boulder, CO
• Storm Prediction Center, Norman, OK
• Tropical Prediction Center (also known as
the National Hurricane Center), Miami, FL

12. The National Weather
Service:
• Employs several
thousand people
• Operates 400 weather
facilities in the U.S.
• Operates 13 weather
facilities overseas
National Weather
• Has weather facilities
Service on 21 ships
Tallahassee, FL

13. Each day, the National
Weather Service processes:
• 12,000 synoptic reports and 25,000
hourly reports from surface
observation stations
• 1,400 reports from ships
• 1,500 atmospheric soundings
• 2,500 reports from aircraft
• Cloud and temperature data from
weather satellites

14. Synoptic
Pertaining to or constituting a
synopsis; affording or taking a
general view of the principal
parts of a subject

15. The National Weather Service provides
weather information to newspapers,
radio and television stations, and other
media for the general public.

16. The National Weather Service makes studies of
climate and conducts basic and applied research
to improve future forecasts and services, and to
advance the science of meteorology itself.

17. Much of the National Weather Service's
day-to-day activity is geared to the service of
aviation. Several High Altitude Forecast
Centers have been set up to forecast high-
altitude conditions for commercial airlines.

18. The National Weather Service, as part of
NOAA, is within what U.S. department?
a. Commerce
b. Interior
c. State
d. Treasury

19. The National Weather Service, as part of
NOAA, is within what U.S. department?
a. Commerce
b. Interior
c. State
d. Treasury

20. The National Hurricane Center in Miami
is also known as the ________ ________
Center.
a. Aviation Weather
b. Kennedy Space
c. Storm Prediction
d. Tropical Prediction

21. The National Hurricane Center in Miami
is also known as the ________ ________
Center.
a. Aviation Weather
b. Kennedy Space
c. Storm Prediction
d. Tropical Prediction

22. Each of the services maintains its own
weather agency. The Navy Weather
Service is part of the Navy Meteorology
and Oceanography Command.

23. Navy Meteorology and
Oceanography Command
U.S. Navy command whose mission is to
collect, interpret and apply global
meteorological and oceanographic data
and information for safety at sea, strategic
and tactical warfare and weapons
system design, development and
deployment

24. The U.S. Navy is an active participant in
the World Meteorological Organization.

25. World Meteorological Organization
Coordinates weather data collection
and analysis by more than 178 member
nations and territories; based in
Geneva, Switzerland

26. Navy weather units are maintained:
• With all major aviation units
• With certain major combatant and
auxiliary vessels, and flagships
• At most naval shore activities

27. Trained enlisted aerographer's mates
and meteorological officers are
assigned to weather units.

28. On ships that do
not carry
aerographers and
meteorologists,
weather
observations
and reporting are
carried out by the
ship's navigator,
assisted by
trained
quartermasters.

29. The Naval Meteorology and Oceanography
Centers (NMOCs) use basic information
acquired from various sources, compile
it into weather broadcasts and warnings,
and transmit it to operating forces within
their area of responsibility.

30. The NMOCs are located at:
• Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• San Diego, California
• Norfolk, Virginia
• Yokosuka, Japan
• Rota, Spain
• Bahrain in the Persian Gulf
The Fleet Numerical
Meteorology and
Oceanography Center
is located in Monterey,
California.

31. What organization serves as the weather
agency for the U.S. Navy?
a. Naval Meteorology Bureau
b. Naval Weather Command
c. Navy Meteorology and
Oceanography Command
d. Navy Weather Service

32. What organization serves as the weather
agency for the U.S. Navy?
a. Naval Meteorology Bureau
b. Naval Weather Command
c. Navy Meteorology and
Oceanography Command
d. Navy Weather Service

33. How many Naval Meteorological and
Oceanographic Centers are there?
a. Three
b. Four
c. Five
d. Six

34. How many Naval Meteorological and
Oceanographic Centers are there?
a. Three
b. Four
c. Five
d. Six

35. The National Weather Service publishes
many kinds of weather forecasts:
• 24-hour detailed forecasts
• 5-day forecasts

36. The National Weather Service publishes
many kinds of weather forecasts:
• 30-day general outlooks

37. The National Weather Service publishes
many kinds of weather forecasts:
• 12-hour aviation forecasts
• Special bulletins, weather maps, and
storm and frost warnings

38. Newspapers, TV, and radio weather
reports rely on many of the National
Weather Service forecasts.

39. Complete weather reports are given
to pilots. They also receive in-flight
updates of weather information.

40. There are two kinds of weather
reporting, local and long-range
forecasting.

41. The long-range study is more concerned
with an overall view of the climate and
with predictions a year or more in the
future. Almanacs provide long-range
weather predictions.

42. Almanac
A publication containing astronomical
or meteorological information

43. Local weather is predicted up to a month
or so in advance. The accuracy of these
predictions is dependent upon timely
readings taken at many reporting
stations. It is not an exact science.

44. Weather Reporting Stations, Weather
Ships, Balloons, and Weather Satellites

45. Elements of the Navy Meteorology and
Oceanography Command prepare
several types of forecasts:
• Area
• Local
• Route
• Flight
• Terminal
• Storm Warnings
• Special Warnings

46. Major units afloat and ashore prepare
area forecasts. They provide:
• Synopsis of weather conditions
• Report of all pressure systems and
associated weather, including position,
intensity, direction of movement

47. Ships and stations plan and use local
forecasts.
They provide:
• Brief summary of synoptic pressure
situation, fronts, severe weather, fog
• Normally 36-hour predictions
• Specific details affecting operations
such as flying conditions, ceilings

48. The route forecast refers to weather
conditions along a specific route.

49. The flight forecast pertains to the
weather conditions on successive
stages of a flight.

50. The terminal forecast concerns itself
with the landing and takeoff conditions
at fields en route.

51. Storm warnings are included in
scheduled broadcasts to both the fleet
and merchant marine. Thunderstorms,
tornadoes, local windstorms, and major
cyclonic storms are reported.

52. Special warnings are issued for
hurricanes.

53. What commercial publications provide
long-range weather predictions for the
year ahead?
a. Almanacs
b. Annual Weather Bulletins
c. National Weather Prediction
Bulletins
d. Newspapers

54. What commercial publications provide
long-range weather predictions for the
year ahead?
a. Almanacs
b. Annual Weather Bulletins
c. National Weather Prediction
Bulletins
d. Newspapers

55. What type of forecast do major Navy
units provide for their operating region?
a. Area
b. Flight
c. Local
d. Route

56. What type of forecast do major Navy
units provide for their operating region?
a. Area
b. Flight
c. Local
d. Route

57. TIROS I - Television Infrared
Observation Satellite I
Weather satellites began service in 1960.

58. The newest satellites are equipped with
cameras that transmit pictures of cloud
formations by day or night. Other sensors
relate surface temperatures, fronts,
storms, snow, sea ice, and cloud heights.

59. Weather satellites are positioned about
900 miles from the Earth's surface, orbit
the Earth every 115 minutes, and view
the entire Earth three times a day.

60. Geosynchronous satellites hover 22,300
miles above the equator and photograph
an entire hemisphere every half an hour.

61. Geosynchronous or Geostationary
Satellites (GOES)
A series of United States satellites that
remain above a fixed point on the Earth
Meteorological satellites that collect
data for worldwide weather forecasting

62. GOES provide spectacular pictures of
whole hurricane systems and frontal
weather patterns that are now a regular
part of weather forecasting.

63. Geosynchronous weather satellites
hover how far above the earth?
a. 22,300 feet
b. 110,150 feet
c. 11,150 miles
d. 22,300 miles

64. Geosynchronous weather satellites
hover how far above the earth?
a. 22,300 feet
b. 110,150 feet
c. 11,150 miles
d. 22,300 miles

65. Geosynchronous weather satellites
photograph an entire hemisphere how
many times a day?
a. 3
b. 12 (every two hours)
c. 24 (once an hour)
d. 48 (every half hour)

66. Geosynchronous weather satellites
photograph an entire hemisphere how
many times a day?
a. 3
b. 12 (every two hours)
c. 24 (once an hour)
d. 48 (every half hour)

67. Weather maps are printed and distributed
by the National Weather Service.

68. All symbols
used on the
maps are
explained in
map legends.

69. Isobaric forecasting is possible by
careful reading of weather maps, since
all frontal zones and wind directions
are carefully charted.

70. What type of forecasting is possible by
careful reading of weather maps?
a. Isobaric
b. Long-range
c. Metabolic
d. Synoptic

71. What type of forecasting is possible by
careful reading of weather maps?
a. Isobaric
b. Long-range
c. Metabolic
d. Synoptic

72. The weather symbol, ══, indicates what
type of weather condition?
a. Fog
b. Heavy snow
c. Rain
d. Thunderstorm

73. The weather symbol, ══, indicates what
type of weather condition?
a. Fog
b. Heavy snow
c. Rain
d. Thunderstorm

74. Q.1. What is a flight forecast?

75. Q.1. What is a flight forecast?
A.1. A forecast of weather
conditions on successive
stages of a flight

76. Q.2. What is a route forecast?

77. Q.2. What is a route forecast?
A.2. A forecast of weather
conditions along a specific
route

78. Q.3. What is a synoptic forecast?

79. Q.3. What is a synoptic forecast?
A.3. A general or overall view

80. Q.4. What is the World
Meteorological Organization?

81. Q.4. What is the World
Meteorological Organization?
A.4. An agency of the United
Nations that provides the NWS
with an exchange of weather
information

82. Q.5. What are two kinds of weather
reporting?

83. Q.5. What are two kinds of weather
reporting?
A.5. Long-range and local

84. Q.6. Who typically mans a Navy
weather unit?

85. Q.6. Who typically mans a Navy
weather unit?
A.6. Trained enlisted aerographer's
mates and meteorological
officers

86. Q.7. What is a terminal forecast?

87. Q.7. What is a terminal forecast?
A.7. A forecast of the weather
conditions at the airfield
intended for landing and
takeoff

88. Q.8. On ships that do not have
aerographers and meteorologists,
who conducts weather
observations and weather
reporting duties?

89. Q.8. On ships that do not have
aerographers and meteorologists,
who conducts weather
observations and weather
reporting duties?
A.8. Ship's navigator, assisted by
trained quartermasters

90. Q.9. In what year was the first
weather satellite launched,
and what was its name?

91. Q.9. In what year was the first
weather satellite launched,
and what was its name?
A.9. 1960, TIROS (TV and Infrared
Observation Satellite)

92. Q.10. Who prepares local forecasts
for the Navy?

93. Q.10. Who prepares local forecasts
for the Navy?
A.10. The local forecasts are
prepared by ships or
stations.

94. Q.11. Who issues storm warnings
for the Navy?

95. Q.11. Who issues storm warnings
for the Navy?
A.11. NMOCs responsible for the
area in which the storm is
located