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nosocomial infection
- 1. NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION MS BHAWNA NURSING TRAINER
- 2. DEFINITION THE INFECTION WHICH ARE NEWLY ACQUIRED WITHIN THE HOSPITAL SETTINGS . SUCH INFECTION CAN BE ACQUIRED IN HOSPITAL, NURSING HOME , REHABILITATION CENTNOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS ALSO KNOWN AS HEALTHCARE ACQUIRED INFECTION (HAIs) THEY ARE RE AND OTHER CLINICAL SETTINGS
- 3. CONSEQUENCES OF HAIs HOSPITAL STAY PROLONGATION INCREASED MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY LONG TERM CONSEQUENCES ON THE HEALTH OF PATIENT INCREASE IN COST OF TREATMENT
- 4. RELEVANT DATA TO NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION ACCORDING TO WHO OUT OF TOTAL ADMITTED PATIENTS 15% DEVELOPS HEALTHCARE ACQUIRED INFECTIONS IN A RECENT STUDY IT HAS BEEN STATED THAT HAIs ARE MOSTLY OCCUR IN ICU (INTENSIVE CARE UNIT ) OUT OF EVERY 10 PATIENTS IN ICU 1 WILL DEVELOP HAIs AND THE MOST COMMON HAIs IS URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
- 5. CRITERIA FOR HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION INFECTION MUST OCCUR UPTO 48hrs AFTER HOSPITALISATION UPTO 3 DAYS AFTER DISCHARGE UPTO 30 DAYS AFTER SURGERY IN CLINICAL SETTING , WHERE PATIENT IS ADMITTED FOR REASON OTHER THAN INFECTION
- 6. PRACTICAL CRITERIA TO NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION EVIDENCE TO SAY PATIENT HAS THIS INFECTION NOT SIMPLY COLONISATION PATIENT WAS NOT INFECTED AT THE TIME OF ADMISSION OR INCUBATING HAD ENOUGH OF TIME TO DEVELOP INFECTION
- 7. RISK FACTORS OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY INVASIVE DEVICES MEDICATIONS OR TREATMENT ELDERLY URINARY CATHETARS PROLONG USE OF ANTIBIOTICS PREMATURE BABIES ENDITRACHEAL INTUBATION REPEATED BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS POOR STATE OF HEALTH CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETAR LINES SURGERY IMMUNOCOMPROMISED STATE ENDOSCOPES PATIENT UNDER RADIOTHERAPY , OR CHEMOTHERAPY UNCONTROLLED METABOLIC DISEASED CONDITION SURGICAL DRAINS TREATMENT LIKE DIALYSIS . ECMO
- 8. PRINCIPLE PATHOGENS OF HAIs INFECTION AGENT EXAMPLE BACTERIA Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Streptococcus pyogenes Flavobacterium species E.coli VIRUS Hepatitis b virus Cytomegalo virus FUNGI Candida albicans Aspergilla Saprophytic fungi PARASITE Pneumocystitis carinii
- 9. SOURCES OF THESE INFECTION AGENTS OWN FLORA OF PATIENT CROSS INFECTION FROM HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS CROSS INFECTION FROM OTHER PATIENTS HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT , INANIMATE NON LIVING OBJECTS LIKE BEDPANS , ENDOSOPES . INSTRUMENTS ETC.
- 10. EXOGENOUS SOURCES AND TYPE OF INFECTION THAT CAN BE ACQUIRED SOURCE PATHOGEN ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION PERSONS Staphylococcus aureus airborne Hospital staff hands and clothes Staphylococcus aureus Gram –ve bacteria airborne contact fomites Same as above contact Inadequately sterilised instruments Same as above clostridia contact Food Escheria coli Salmonella Other gram –ve bacteria contact
- 11. ENDOGENOUS SOURCES AND TYPE OF INFECTION SOURCE PATHOGEN TYPE OF INFECTION skin Staphylococcus aureus Wound infection Skin sepsis intestine Enterobacteriasease clostridia Urinary tract infections Respiratory tract infections Septicemia Gas gangrene Post op wound infections Female genital tract Gram negative bacteria Urinary tract infections
- 12. MODES OF TRANSMISSION CONTACT TRANSMISSION HANDS AND CLOTHING Eg staphylococcus aureus Eg streptococcus pyogenes INANIMATE OBJECTS FOMITES Eg pseudomonas aeruginosa Clostridium tetani spores
- 13. MODES OF TRANSMISSION ORAL ROUTE VIA HOSPITAL FOOD ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA PARENTRAL ROUTE NEEDLES , GLASS VIA BLOOD TRANSFUSION , PRICKS
- 14. MODES OF TRANSMISSION AIRBORNE DROPLETS FROM OTHER PATIENTS BY INHALATION DUST FROM BED, FLOOR , SKIN Eg pseudomonas Aeruginosa AEROSOLS FROM NEBULIZERS HUMIDIFIERS Eg legionella pneumophila
- 15. COMMON TYPES OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS BLOOD STREAM INFECTIONS TETANUS INFECTION GI TRACT INFECTIONS SURGICAL SITE OR WOUND INFECTIONS RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
- 16. OVERVIEW OF COMMON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS ACQUIRED THROUGH CAUSE URINARY TRCT INFECTION INDWELLING CATHETAR , INSTRUMENTATION OF URINARY TRACT E. Coli , klebsiella , serratia PNEUMONIA ASPIRATION , PROLONGED INTUBATION Staph aureus , proteus WOUND AND SKIN SEPSIS SUGICAL PROCEDURES Enterococci , pseudomonas , clostridium GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTION CONTAMINATED FOOD Salmonella , shigella BACTERIMIA SEPTICEMIA INVASIVE PROCEDURES INVOLVING BLOODSTREAM Gram negative bacilli TETANUS IMPROPER WOUND HANDLING Clostridium tetani
- 17. RESISTANT TYPES OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS MRSA ( METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AREUS ) EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASE PRODUCING BACTERIA (ESBIL) MULTIDRUG RESISTANT GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI(VRE)
- 18. DIAGNOSIS OF HAIs BY CLINICAL MANIFESTATION , BY BLOOD CULTURES BY URINE CULTURE SAMPLING FROM INANIMATE OBJECTS
- 19. LETS KILL THE POSSIBILITY OF INFECTION
- 20. PREVENTION OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION HAND HYGIENE AND STANDARD PRECAUTIONS USE AND CARE OF URINARY CATHETAR USE AND CARE OF VASCULAR ACCESS PREVENTION OF CROSS INFECTION
- 21. HAND HYGIENE BEFORE EVERY INVASIVE AND NON INVASIVE PROCEDURES AFTER EVERY INVASIVE AND NON INVASIVE PROCEDURES AFTER CONTACT WITH BODY FLUIDS , WOUNDS ETC AFTER TOUCHING ANY EQUIPMENT O ARTICLE OF PATIENT UNIT AFTER REMOVING GLOVES BEFORE OPENING ANY MEDICAL DEVICES OR ARTICLE
- 23. EFFECTIVE USAGE OF PPE GLOVES FACE MASK AND SHIELD APRON GOWN SHOE COVER HEAD CAP EYE SHIELD
- 25. SURFACE DISINFECTION DISINFECTION OF ALL CONTAMINATED AND CLEAN SURFACES TO REDUCE CHANCES OF INFECTION PROPER TIME SHOULD BE GIVEN FOR DISINFECTION EDUCATION TO STAFF , FAMILY VISITORS ABOUT INFECTION CONTROL
- 26. RISK ASSESSMENT AND ISOLATION OF PATIENT
- 27. ISOLATION OF PATIENT IF REQUIRED
- 28. PROPER DISPOSAL OF WASTE
- 29. ESTABLISHMENT OF HAICC (HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION CONTROL COMMITTEE ) PROTECT THE PATIENT PROTECT THE STAFF AND VISITORS DO ABOVE WORK IN A SYSTEMATIC AND COST EFFECTIVE WAY
- 30. PREVENTION IS ALWAYS BETTER THAN CURE
- 31. THANK YOU