USEFULL FOR BSC NURSING 3RD YEAR

1. GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT OF
SCHOOL AGE
CHILDREN
Prepared by,
Bhargav mehta
Msc nursing

2. BIOLOGIC GROWTH
 Average weight of 6years: 116cm
 Weight: 21kg
 Average weight of 12kg: 150cm
 Weight: 40kg
 Body proportion: long legged

3. FACIAL CHANGES
 The skull and brain grow very slowly during this
period and increases little in size.
 All of the primary deciduous teeth are lost during this
age span middle childhood is sometimes known as the
age of loose teeth.
 The early years of middle childhood when the new
secondary( permanent) teeth appear too large for the
face are known as the ugly duckling stage.

4. MATURATION OF SYSTEMS
 Gastrointestinal: better maintenance of blood glucose
levels and an increased stomach capacity, which
permit of retention of food for longer period.
 Bladder capacity although differing widely among
individual children, is generally greater in girls than in
boys.

5.  Cardiovascular: RR and PR decreased, BP increases.
 Immune system: becomes more competent in its
ability to localize infections and to produce an
antibody- antigen response
 Musculo skeletal system: bones continue to ossify
throughout childhood.
 Nervous system: by 10years it is matured.
 Sensory: 20/20

6. 6- 8YEARS

7. BIOLOGIC GROWTH
 Weight: 17.5- 25.5kg
 Height: 110- 124cm
 Pulse: 115bpm
 Respiration: 21- 24pm
 Dentition: starts to lose temporary teeth, acquires
first permanent molars, medial incisors, lateral
incisors.

8. GROSS MOTOR
Rides bicycle without
training wheels
Runs, jumps, climbs,
hops
Constantly in motion
Clumsy and awkward
Co- ordination
improving

9. FINE MOTOR
 Knows right from left hand
 Draws a person with 12-
16parts
 Print words, learn cursive
writing
 Eye- hand coordination
improved.

10. SELF CARE
 6years- more talkative,
interesting to at beginning of
meal
 7years: improved table
manners, less talkative
 Needs to be reminded to
wash hands
 Need some help with dressing
 Wears whatever selected by
parents
 Leaves clothes where ever
they are removed
 Can brush and comb hair.

11.  Sensory: 20/20
 Psychosicial:
 Sense of industry vs inferiority
 Continues to be egocentric, bossy
 Has a “know it all” attitude
 Craves attention
 Insists on being first in everything
 Return of tempem tantrums- may use verbal, physical
attack
 Uses tensional releases: wiggling, chewing on hair,
nose picking
 Has good days and bad days

12. CONTD..
Wants other children to play
with
Jeolous of siblings
Fears injury to body
 Psychosexual: latency stage
 Spiritual: mythical- literal
faith

13. INTELLECTUAL
Preoperational thought:
 Attention span increases
 Can describe objects in picture
 Can see differences more than similarities
 Can tell time
 Knows date, month and season
 Follows rules to avoid punishment
 Takes small objects from others

14. MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Preconventional morality
Stage 2 (4-7 years)
Conventional morality
Stage 3 (7- 9 years): “Am I good person?”

15. RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE
 Follows series of 3 commands, response dependent on mood
 Responds to praise and recognition
EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE
 Can repeat sentences of 10- 12 words
 Has a vocabulary of 2500 words
 Uses all forms of sentence structure
 knows number combinations up to 10
 Develops a sense of humour; enjoys telling jokes.

16. PLAY STIMULATION
 Likes rough and tumble play
 Loves active play
 Prefers group play
 Adult’s influence still present
 Provide table games, board games for competitive
and team play
 motor activity play : bicycles, jump ropes, punching
bags, roller skates, balls/bats
 Creative play: puppets, dolls, paints, crayons,
drawing materials, clay, musical instruments
 Quite play: books, puzzles, records, tapes

17. 8- 10YEARS

18. BIOLOGIC GROWTH
 Weight: 22- 32kg
 Height: 121.5- 136.5cm
 Pulse: 75- 95
 BP: 118/ 70

19. GROSS MOTOR
Performs tricks on bicycles,
races
Begins to participate in
organized sports like basket
ball etc
Throws ball skillfully,
overhand and underhand

20. FINE MOTOR
Uses both hands
independently
Draws a person with 18- 20
parts
Has increased smoothness
and speed in fine motor
control
Cursive writing improved.

21. SELF CARE
Handles utensils
skillfully
Dresses self completely,
enjoys selecting own
dress
Unaware of dirty clothes
Needs to be reminded to
brush teeth

22. Visual acuity: 20/20
Psychosocial:
 Sense of industry
 Ready for anything
 Curious about everything
 Concerned about relationships with others
 Becoming peer-oriented
 Easy to get along with at home
 Considers peer opinions more important than parents
 Enjoys running errands, helping when mother is busy

23. Psychosexual
 Latency stage
 Spiritual: mythical- literal faith
Intellectual: “concreate operational thought”:
 Learns to understand and use abstract symbols and
carries out mental operations
 Shows interest in causal relationship
 Understands explanations and tries to follow through.

24. CONTD..
 Ashamed of failures
 Interested in schoolwork
 Memory span increasing
 Makes alibis for own faults

25. MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Preconventional morality
Stage 3 (7-8 years)
Conventional morality
Stage 4 (7- 9 years): “we need law and order”

26. RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE
 Follows suggestions better than comands
EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE
 is gregarious
 Begins to use shorter and more compact sentenses

27. PLAY STIMULATION
Prefers companionship in play
Likes to compete
Continues to require supervision in play- fights
may occur
Enjoys dramatic play
Continues collections- hobbies begin to develop
Enjoys making things

28. 10- 12 MONTHS

29. BIOLOGIC GROWTH
Weight:
10years: 25.5- 39.5
12years:
Boys: 30- 48kg
Girls: 30- 50kg
Height:
10years: 131.5- 147.5cm
12years:
Boys: 142- 158cm
Girls: 144- 160cm

30. GROSS MOTOR
Enjoys all physical
activities

31. FINE MOTOR
Co- ordination
continues to
improve

32. SELF CARE
Criticizes table manners of parents
May wear some clothes continually
Leaves clothes where they fall
Enjoys wearing current style of dress
Needs constant reminding of personal
hygiene
Bathes frequently.

33. PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
(ERIKSON)
Industry vs Inferiority
Respects parents and their role
Has short burst of anger
Able to control anger
Joins groups- formal and informal
Still fears the dark
Knows about sexual intercourse

34. CONTD..
 Interested in learning how to do things
well.
 Sense of inferiority: when the reward
structure is based on evidence of
mastery, children who are incapable of
developing these skills are at risk for
feeling inadequate and inferior.

35. Psychosexual
 Latency stage
Spiritual: mythical- literal faith
Intellectual: “formal operational thought”:
 Develops abstract and deductive reasoning
 Uses problem- solving method
 Can define abstract terms
 Interested in the “why” and “how”

36. CONTD..
Collects facts for future use
Begins to think about vocation
Preoccupied with right and wrong
Moral:
Conventional morality

37. RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE
 Follows suggestions better than requests; is obediant
EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE
 Oral vocabulary of 7200 words, reading vocabulary of
50,000 words
 Uses parts of speech correctly
 Able to give precise, dictionary definition of words
 Uses numbers beyond 100 with meaning

38. PLAY STIMULATION
10years
Enjoys Large muscle activity and out-door
activities
Bicycle riding
Reading
Collecting
Construction activities

39. CONTD..
12 years
Enjoy parties with supervision
Athletic sports
Reading mystery and love stories
Talking on telephone