3. Motherās description of their toddlers 70% 72% 83% Temper outbursts 85% 92% 95% Stubborn 36% 18% 17% Has nightmares 56% 52% 52% Awakens during the night 56% 46% 70% Resists going to bed 37% 26% 50% Eats too little Age 4 Age 3 Age 2 Behaviour
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5. The age of developing everyday habits 3-5 years Eating 4-6 years Self-care 2-4 years Toiletting 1-3 years Dressing and undressing 4-12 months Sleep routine 4-12 weeks Regular feeding TIME HABIT
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Editor's Notes
Normal need not be average and not average is not nessecarily abnormal
Green
Testing their limits and power near the mother Changing their minds all the time Magical thinking: Piagetās preoperational stage of development Focusing only on their own needs and happiness/ being self-centred
Some behaviours are common early Lying, breath holding, defiance are common in 2-4 yr olds
It is a relieving theory for those parents who cannot find anything from therselves on their children/ Help them accept some characteristics without feeling responsible for having caused them Activity Regularity Approach and withdrawal Adaptability Stimuli thershold Intensity Mood Attention span Distractibility Self-control
1966: 133 children followed up from birth to adulthood Negative, easily frustrated Negative, loud, overactive, crying, frustrated, irregular sleeping and eating/ even with the most perfect parents
David Hall, Health for All Children, 4 th edition Disability Survey by the UK Office of Populations, Censuses and Surveys 1985-1988/ Bone M and Meltzer H Point prevalence among 3 yr olds for polymorphous behavioural problems(combination of tntrums,overactivity,aggression, clinging etc) is about 10% 7% have moderate or severe behaviour problems, as defined by their parents (Polnay L, Community Paediatrics, Churchill Livingston) Polymorphous: Over activity, disobedience, temper tantrums, aggressive out bursts under 3yrs
Causing distress to child, parents or neighbours Tantrums, agression, overactivity, eating/ sleeping/ continence problems, unusual habits
Children who fail to gain reasonable control of their anger and tempers by 5 years are likely to continue to have problems with aggression (Polnay)
Although most behaviours are non-specific and may or may not indicate an underlying disorder, a few almost invaraibly indicate significant abnormality It signifies at least poor supervision Polnay L, Community Paediatrics
Exposed to unknown environment Ie when a child cries in the middle of the night and receives a cuddle, he engages the mother to a false cycle to get more comfort Erkison psychosocial theory
Ie divorce, only parenrt
First, poor children are more likely to be exposed to risk factors which are postitively related to adverse outcome (ie maternal depression). Second, the effects of these risk factors tend to be greater than they are for non-poor children The families who might benefit the most from help with behavioural problems are less likely and often unable to make use of the strategies suggested
Ignoring the inappropriate ( after stating it is) Not delayed
Polnay Divert the childās attention Say to the child that the response is unacceptable Time out: a safety valve to avoid escalation: separate in another room/ Donāt lock the door Selective deafness and blindness
Patience, persistence and consistency
Duration 1 hr in infants, 1,5 in adults
They get comforted and enjoy attention. When they get better they continue to play the game
BH, PMH, FH, examination, development unremarkable
Constant bedtime, avoid overstimulation before, calm them down-story, bath, cuddle-, minimal light, close the door decisively aftersaying goodnight Let the child cry for a short period, then give some incomplete comfort and walk away, let them cry a little longer each time, giving more incomplete and delayed comfort, until the child understands that he doesnāt gain reward when wakening
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