2. COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
Cognitive development is the construction of thought
processes, including remembering, problem solving and
decision making from childhood through adolescence to
adulthood.
It refers to how a person perceives, thinks and gains
understanding of his/her world through the interaction of
genetic and learned factors.
Everyday experiences can impact a child’s cognitive
development.
3. Cognitive development provides children with the means
of paying attention to thinking about the world around
them.
Piaget forming his’Theory of Cognitive Development’,
proposed four stages of Cognitive development;
1) Sensorimotor stage
2) Pre-operational stage
3) Concrete operational stage
4) Formal operational stage
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
4. 1) SENSORIMOTOR
STAGE (INFANCY)
Sensorimotor stage lasts from birth to two years old.
In this stage behaviour lack a sense of thought and logic.
Behaviours gradually move from acting upon inherited
reflexes to interacting with the environment with a goal in
mind and being able to represent the external world at the
end.
In this stage the child gains the ability to mentally
represent reality.
5. 2) PRE-OPERATIONAL
STAGE (EARLY CHILDHOOD)
Pre-operational stage lasts from 2 years of age until the
age of 6 or 7.
In this stage, there should be an ability to comprehend
that another individual may have different emotional
responses to similar experiences.
6. 3) CONCRETE
OPERATIONAL STAGE
(EARLY ADOLESCENCE)Concrete operational stage lasts from 6 or 7 years until
about 12 or 13.
In this stage, the child’s cognitive structures can be
characterized by reality.
One of the best known achievements of this stage is the
development in conversations.
7. 4) FORMAL OPERATIONAL
STAGE (ADOLESCENCE AND
ADULTHOOD)Formal operational stage lasts from 12 or 13 until
adulthood.
In this stage, the child advances from logical reasoning
with concrete examples to abstract ones.
In this stage, adolescence are also able to view themselves
in the future and can picture the ideal life they would like
to pursue.
8. ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT Language is considered as an indicator of Cognitive development.
The developmental stages of language are;
1. 6 months. : babbling, all sounds.
2. 9 months. : narrowing of sounds.
3. 11 months : first words.
4. 18 months. :two word combinations.
5. 2-3 years :word order, inflections.
6. 4-5 years :nearly complex syntax.
7. 5-7 years. : complex production.
8. 9 years. :understands all forms.
9. 11-13 years :final shift in complexity.
9. SKILLS UNDER COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
Logic and reasoning
Memmory
Attention
Control
Flexibility, ability to adapt
Evaluation and analysing skills
Ability to make comparison
Critical thinking
10. CONCLUSION
The growth and development of the mental abilities and
capacities which helps an individual to adjust his behaviour to
the ever changing environmental conditions is referred to as
cognitive development.
The process of the mental growth and development is
responsible for the development of an individual’s all cognitive,
mental or intellectual abilities.
These abilities are interrelated and never develop in
isolation.So cognitive development of an individual at any
stage of his development includes the overall development of
these abilities.