A brief presentation on anatomy of heart, different types of cardiovascular disease, their symptoms, causes, prevention methods and medical treatments available to cure heart disease.

1. Cardiovascular Diseases
Presentation
by
Balaji Marimuthu

2. AGENDA
 Introduction – Cardiovascular system
 Anatomy of heart and its function
 Types of cardiovascular diseases
 Symptoms
 Causes
 Prevention methods
 Treatment
 Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
 Heart ,the most hard working muscle of our body – pumps 4-5 liters of blood every minute during rest.
 It also supplies nutrients and oxygen rich blood to all parts of the body.
 Coronary artery surrounding the heart keeps it nourished with blood.
 Cardiovascular system includes the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.
 The heart
 Muscular, four-chambered pump
 Beats 100,000 times per day
 Two upper chambers: atria
 Two lower chambers: ventricles
 Pulmonary and aortic valves
Understanding the Cardiovascular System

4. ANATOMY
Anatomy of the Heart and its function

5. TYPES
Types of Cardiovascular Disease
• Atherosclerosis - A disease in which plaque builds up inside
your arteries, limiting the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your
organs
• Coronary heart disease (CHD) or Heart attack - Occurs when
blood flow to a section of heart muscle becomes blocked, most
often, the result of coronary artery disease
• Chest pain (angina pectoris) - Reduction of the heart’s blood
and oxygen supply
• Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) - Irregularities in heart rhythm
( Heart beat)
• Congestive heart failure (CHF) - Damaged or overworked heart
muscle is unable to keep blood circulating normally.
• Congenital and rheumatic heart disease - Rheumatic heart
disease results from rheumatic fever, which affects heart valves.
• Stroke - Occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted

6. TYPES
Percentage Breakdown for Cardiovascular Disease
 12 millions( approx.) death annually

7. SYMPTOMS
• Chest pain, discomfort, pressure, or squeezing
• Upper-body pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, shoulders,
neck, jaw, or upper part of the stomach
• Shortness of breath
• Breaking out in a cold sweat
• Unusual or unexplained fatigue (tiredness), particularly in women (which may
be present for days)
• Nausea/vomiting
• No symptoms for long time
• Sudden death
Cardiovascular diseases - symptoms

8. CAUSES
What are the Causes for Cardiovascular diseases?

9. CAUSES
Risk for Cardiovascular Diseases
Risks you cannot control
• Genetic
• Age
• Men>45
• Women>55
• Gender
Risks you can control
• Smoking
• Saturated fat and cholesterol.
• Overweight/obesity
• High blood cholesterol
• Modify dietary habits.
• Physical inactivity
• Alcohol
• Diabetes.
• High blood pressure.
• Stress and anxiety levels.

10. PREVENTIONS
• Blood pressure
• Blood cholesterol (total: HDL, LDL)
• Diabetes test
• Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference
• Electrocardiogram ( ECG)
• Stress test
Key Tests for Heart Disease Risk

11. PREVENTIONS
• Begin today—make changes one step at a time
• Don’t smoke—if you are a smoker, ask your health care provider for help in quitting
• Be physically active—2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week
• Add strength training—2 to 3 times a week
• Manage diabetes, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol through living a healthy
lifestyle
• Take medication, if prescribed
You Can Lower Heart Disease Risk

12. PREVENTIONS
 Follow a healthy eating plan
• Low in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol and moderate in total fat
• Limit salt and sodium
• Limit alcoholic beverages to no more than one a day (2 for men)
• Choose a variety of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables daily
• Choose fish, poultry, and lean cuts of meat
• Use nonfat or low-fat milk and cheeses,
 Maintain a healthy weight
You Can Lower Heart Disease Risk

13. TREATMENTS
Treatments for cardiovascular diseases

14. Treatments

15. CONCLUSION
It’s up to you to protect your heart health—start today!
Conclusion