Department of Ayurveda Samhita & Siddhanta

1. A Comparative Study on Samprapti of Shwasa
Roga WSR Bruhatrayi
9/1/2021 1

2. Presenter,
DR KAVYA K
2ND YEAR PG SCHOLAR
DEPT OF AYURVEDA SAMHITA & SIDDHANTA
GOVT. AYURVEDA MEDICAL COLLEGE &
HOPSITAL, MYSURU
Under the guidance of
DR SHREEVATSA
PROFESSOR & HEAD
DEPT OF AYURVEDA SAMHITA & SIDDHANTA
GOVT. AYURVEDA MEDICAL COLLEGE &
HOPSITAL, MYSURU
9/1/2021
2

3. CONTENTS:
Introduction
References of Swasa roga
Definition
Udbhavastana
Nidana
Samprapti
Samanya
Vishesha
Poorvarupa
Types of Swasa roga
Sadhyasadyata
Tamaka Swasa
Samprapti ghataka
Conclusion
Bibiliography.
9/1/2021
3

4. INTRODUCTION
The word Shwasa refers to both Prakrut (normal) and Vikruta (abnormal)
condition of ShwasaKriya. Since Vedic kala description of physiology of Shwasakriya, clearly
indicates the path, structures through which the Shwashocchvasa Kriya take place. Here it is
mentioned that air (Vata) in the form of Prana and Apana enters in the Nasika.
Charak clearly indicates ShwasaKriya avarodha as the involvement of PranvahaSrotasa
(Charaka VI 5/18). The Mool of PranvahaSrotas is Hridaya and Mahasrotas (elementary canal-
Charak Vi 5/18).
9/1/2021
4

5. ShwasaKriya (physiology of respiration):
“VatamPranenaApanenaNasike”. (YAJ 15/12)
Vata enters into the Nasa as Prana & Apana. This is the first description of
ShwasaKriya in Vedic literature, which clearly indicates inspiration & expiration. The first
breath of newly born till last breath, this process continues. And so to understand the
physiology of ShwasaKriya, it is necessary to understand the PranvahaSrotas. The
complete process of SwasaKriya mainly depends upon Pranvayu &Udanvayu. So the
knowledge of different types of Vayu is necessary to understand the ShwasaKriya.
9/1/2021
5

6. DERIVATION OF SHWASA
1. The word Shwasa [SHWASA] is derived from SWASE DHATU after application of
DHANJ PRATYAYA' which means Inspiration and Expiration of respiration and type of
disease
SHWASA = SWASE [pul] + DHANJ pratyaya
(a) Vayu Vyapara
(b) Rogabhedha
2. IN "SABDA STOMA MAHA NIDHI" the word SHWASA ' is derived from SHWASA dhatu
by applying dhunj" pratyaya means both phases of respiration and type of disease".
9/1/2021
6

7. 3. According to 'AMARAKOSHA' the word 'SHWASA is derived from “Shwas pranane”.
Here SHWASA means air and respiration. The respiratory process and a type of discase is
indicated.
4. According to "HALAYUDHA KOSHA" the word SHWASA is derived from "SHWASA is
dhatu by adding LUT Pratyaya which Means inspiration and both phases of respiration
SHWASA - SHWASA +LUT Means vayu, pavan.
SHWASA SHWASA+LUT pratyaya
By the above all derivations it can be stated that the word shwasa means act of
respiration and a disease.
9/1/2021
7

8. Swasa as roga:
In Ayurveda, Swasa has been described in detail as an
independent disease entity and it has also been stated as one of the
important clinical feature in many other disease also.
Mainly Swasa roga occurs in 2 forms:
Swatantra Swasa
Paratantra Swasa
9/1/2021
8

9. Swatantra Swasa: Where in swasa will get manifest as an independent vyadhi. The
disease will have its own set of Nidana, Poorvarupa, Samprapti, laxanas & chikitsa.
Paratantra swasa: Here swasa occurs as an effect of some other disease. Here swasa
will be a laxana, Purvaroopa or Upadrava of another vyadhi.
E.g.,:
Swasa as Purvarupa (premonitory symptom) in – Rajayakshama (tuberculosis)
9/1/2021
9

10.  Shwasa as Lakshana
Vataja Apasmara, Apatantraka, Kaphaja and Vataja Arshas,
Pureeshaja anaha, Amashaya gata vata, Kaphaja udara, Aharaja udavarta, Udgara
nirodhaja udavarta, Kshataja kasa , Vataja grahani, Tridoshaja chardi, Antarvega
jwara, Asthigata jwara, Gambhira jwara, Pachyamana jwara, Majjagata jwara,
Sannipataja jwara, Talu shosha, Balasa, Vataja madatyaya, Medo roga, Pratinaha,
Nasa shosha, Mutraghata (kundalini), Raktaja murcha, RajaYakshma, Pliha vidradhi
, Yakrut vidradhi, Visha , Agni visarpa , Granthi visarpa, Tridoshaja nadi vrana..etc
9/1/2021
10

11. Shwasa is seen as as upadrava (complication) in
Atisara, Chardi, Trishna , Vataja prameha , Raktapitta,
Vatarakta, Vrana..etc
Shwasa is mentioned as Asadhya Lakshana:
Atisara, Kumbha kamala, Galaganda, Gulma, Chardi ,
Jwara , Masurika , Rajayakshma , Vidradhi , Visha , Tridoshaja nadi vrana
, Shotha..etc
9/1/2021
11

12. In Samhitas, Swasa has been said as five types. A detailed review of
Nidanapanchaka (i.e. Nidana, Purvaroopa, Roopa, Upashaya and Samprapti) will be
helpful for clear understanding of minute aspects connected to disease. This aids in
diagnosis and treatment of a disease with high precession. Therefore in this Presentation
Nidana, Purvaroopa, Rupa & Samprapti of Swasa Roga has been reviewed from
authoritative Ayurveda Samhitas and textbooks with rational approach to elucidate
different attributes connected to Swasa Roga.
9/1/2021
12

13. Reference:
Samhita Reference Adyaya
Charaka Samhita C.Chi.17 Hikkaswasa Chikitsitam
Sushrutha Samhita S.U.51 Swasa Pratisheda adhyaya
Astanga Sangraha A.S.Ni.4
A.S.Chi.6
Swasahidma nidanaadya
Swasahidma Chikitsa adhyaya
Asatanga Hrudaya A.H.Ni.4
A.H.Chi.4
Swasahidma nidanam
Swasahidma Chikitsitam
9/1/2021
13

14. Reason behind explaining Swasa & Hikka
Roga in one chapter:
हिक्काश्वासौ च समानकारणचचककत्ससतसवादेकाध्याये एवोक्तौ|
-C.chi.17/1(com)
कफवातासमकावेतौ पित्तस्थानसमुद्भवौ|
हृदयस्य रसादीनाां धातूनाां चोिशोषणौ||८||
तस्मात् साधारणावेतौ मतौ िरमदुर्जयौ|
ममथ्योिचररतौ क्र
ु द्धौ ित आशीपवषापवव||९||
-C.chi.17/8-9
9/1/2021
14

15. हिक्काप्रततषेधानन्तरां तुल्यिेसवाहदसाम्यात् श्वासप्रततषेधारम्भः
-s.u.51/1(com)
………………………
हिक्का श्वासश्च कासश्च नृणाां समुिर्ायते ||५||
-S.u.50/3-5
9/1/2021
15

16. Swasa Roga Definition:
विहाय प्रकृव िं िायुः प्राणोऽथ कफसिंय ुः |
श्वासयत्यूर्धिवगो भूत्िा िं श्वासिं परिचक्ष े ||४||
-S.U.51/4
Dalhana, while commenting on above shloka explains,
प्राणो वायुः , प्रकृ ति ववहाय ववगणो भूत्वेत्यर्थुः, ऊर्धवथगो भूत्वा िर्ा
कफसंयिुः
सन ् यर्ा श्वासयति िं बधा श्वां परिचक्षिे कर्यन्ति।
9/1/2021
16

17. Thus, Shwasa roga can be defined as a disorder of respiration where,
the pranavayu is vitiated and obstructed by kapha, moves upward and because of the
Pranavaha srotodusti, the inspired air fails to reach the lungs causing difficulty in
breathing. This definition seems to be very scientific and describes all the aspects of
dyspnoea.
9/1/2021
17

18. Vijayarakshita in madhukosha commentary of madhava nidana defines
shwasa roga as
"श्वासत्वं वेगवदूर्धवथवाित्व।"
"श्वासस्ि भन्स्िकार्धमान समवािोर्धवथगाममिुः।"
Shwasa means disease in which "Gati" of Vayu is "Urdhwa".
The word Shwasa refers to expiration of the air, producing sound
similar to the one generated while blowing the air with a blower by the
blacksmith. This refers to the forceful labored breathing, probably with wheezing
sound. The description conceals the pathological expression of breathing and is
the cardinal symptom of Shwasa Roga. It can be compared to a pathological
condition with increased respiratory effort.
9/1/2021
18

19. कफिा ात्मकािे ौ वपत्तस्थानसमद्भिौ|
हृदयस्य िसादीनािं धा ूनािं चोपशोषणौ||८||
स्मा ् साधािणािे ौ म ौ पिमदर्वयौ|
वमथ्योपचरि ौ क्रद्धौ ह आशीविषाविि||९||
-C.chi.17/9
9/1/2021
19

20. Swasa Roga occurs predominantly due to Kapha and Vata
dosha, arises from the seat of Pitta and dry up the Hrudaya and the
Dhatus such as Rasa etc. Hence it is regarded as very difficult
(Param durjaya) to treat and if managed badly the doshas get
aggravated further and kill the patient like serpents (Asheevishha).
9/1/2021
20

21. UDBHAVASTANA:
कफवातासमकावेतौ पित्तस्थानसमुद्भवौ|-C.Chi.17/8
वपत्तस्र्ानसमद्भवाववत्यनेन वपत्तस्योर्धवथस्र्ानसम्बतध एव, नि वािकफवदािम्भकत्वममति
दर्थयति; वपत्तस्र्ानर्ब्देनामार्योऽमभप्रेिुः|
उरःस्थः क
ु रुते श्वासमामाशयसमुद्भवम्|-A.H.Ni.4/4
िर्ा, उिमस तिष्ठिीत्यिुःस्र्ुः| ककम्भूिं श्वासम्? आमार्यसमद्भवम्| आमार्याि्समद्भवो-
जतम, यस्य िमार्यसमद्भवम्|
9/1/2021
21

22. NIDANA:
Nidana of swasa roga is divided into following 4 parts:
Aharaja
Viharaja
Nidanartaka roga
Vyanjaka hetu
9/1/2021
22

23. िर्सा धूमिा ाभयािं शी स्थानाम्बसेिना ्|
व्यायामाद्राम्यधमावर्धिरूक्षान्नविषमाशना ्||११||
आमप्रदोषादानाहाद्रौक्ष्यादत्यप पवणा ्|
दौबवल्यान्ममवणो घा ाद्वन्वाच्छद्र्धयव योग ुः||१२||
अ ीसािज्ििच्छवदवप्रव श्यायक्ष क्षया ्|
िक्तवपत्ताददाि ावववसूच्यलसकादवप||१३||
पाण्डिोगाववषाच्चैि प्रि े े गदाविमौ|
वनष्पािमाषवपण्याकव ल ैलवनषेिणा ्||१४||
वपष्टशालूकविष्टवम्भविदावहगरुभोर्ना ्|
र्लर्ानूपवपवश दर्धयामक्षीिसेिना ्||१५||
अवभष्यन्यपचािाच्च श्लेष्मलानािं च सेिना ्|
कण्ठोिसुः प्र ीघा ाववबन्धैश्च पृथवविधैुः||१६||
--C.Chi.17/11-16
9/1/2021
23

24. यैिेव कािणैर्हथक्का बहमभुः सम्प्रविथिे |
िैिेव कािणैुः श्वासो घोिो भवति देर्हनाम्||३||
-S.u.51/3
ववदार्हगरुववष्टन्म्भरूक्षामभष्यन्तदभोजनैुः |
र्ीिपानासनस्र्ानिजोधूमातनलानलैुः ||३||
व्यायामकमथभािार्धववेगाघािापिपथणैुः |
आमादोषामभघािस्िीक्षयदोषप्रपीडनैुः [१] ||४||
ववषमार्नार्धयनर्नैस्िर्ा समर्नैिवप |
र्हक्का श्वासश्च कासश्च नृणां समपजायिे ||५||
-S.u.50/3-5
9/1/2021
24

25. कासवृद्र्धया भवेच्छ्वासुः पूवैवाथ दोषकोपनैुः|
आमातिसािवमर्ववषपाण्डज्विैिवप||१||
िजोधूमातनलैमथमथघािादतिर्हमाम्बना|
---------------------------------------|२|-A.H.Ni.4/1
9/1/2021
25

26. Aharaja Nidana:
Sl. No. Ahara C.S S.S A.S A.H
VATA PRAKOPAKA
1. रुक्षान्न   - -
2. विशमाशन   - -
3. शी ान्न -  - -
4. अनशन -  - -
5. विष सेिन   - -
6. शी म्ब पान -  - -
7. विष्टवम्ब भोर्न   - -
8. अर्धयशन -  - -
9. वन्वाव योग  - - -
9/1/2021
26

27. Cont…
PITTA PRAKOPAKA
1. व ल ैल  - - -
2. विदावह   - -
3. कट  - - -
4. उष्ण  - - -
5. अम्ल - -  
6. लिण - -  
9/1/2021
27

28. KAPHA PRAKOPAKA
1. वनष्पाि  - - -
2. माष  - - -
3. वपश्टान्न  - - -
4. शालक  - - -
5. गरुद्रव्य   - -
6. आनप मािंस  - - -
7. र्ािंगल मािंस  - - -
8. दवध  - - -
9. आम क्षीि  - - -
10. पीण्यक  - - -
11. श्लेश्मल द्रव्य  - - -
12. अवभष्यवन्द द्रव्य   - -
13. उत््लेद - - - 
9/1/2021
28

29. Viharaja Nidana:
Sl. No. Vihara C.S S.S A.S A.H
Vata prakopaka
1. िजस ्    
2. धूम    
3. प्रग्वाि    
4. र्ीहासन   - -
5. र्ीिाम्ब    
6. व्यायाम   - -
7. ग्राम्य धमथ  - - -
8. अतिअपिपथण  - - -
9. र्द्यातियोग  - - -
9/1/2021
29

30. 10. कण्टप्रतिघाि  - - -
11. उिप्रव घा  - - -
12. कमवह   - -
13. भाििहन  - - -
14. ममावघा  - - -
15. िेग वनिोध - - - 
16. अव   - -
17. आयास - - - 
18. र्ागिण - - - 
9/1/2021
30

31. Pitta prakopaka
1. ऊश्म - - - 
Kapha prakopaka
1. अवभषयवन्द उपचाि  - - -
2. वदिास्िप्न - - - 
9/1/2021
31

32. Nidanartaka Roga:
Sl. No. Ahara C.S S.S A.S A.H
1. अप पवण -  - -
2. आमप्रदोष    
3. आनाह  - - -
4. विबन्द  - - -
5. दा ्शय  - - -
6. प्रव श्याय  - - -
7. छवदव  -  
8. ज्िि  -  
9/1/2021
32

33. 9. अतिसार  -  
10. दौबवल्य  - - -
11. पाण्ड िोग  -  
12. उि्श  - - -
13. अलसक  - - -
14. उदाि व  - - -
15. विशूवचक  - - -
16. िक्तवपत्त  - - -
17. कास - -  -
9/1/2021
33

34. Vyanjaka Nidana
Vyanjaka Hetu C.S S.S A.H
मेघ  - 
अम्बु  - 
शीि  - 
श्लेश्मकर  - 
9/1/2021
34

35. Nidana:
To Expalin the role of nidana in the Samprapti of swasa roga, nidana is classified
as:
 Agantu Hetu (bahya)
 Nija Hetu (Abhyantara)
 Manasika Hetu
9/1/2021
35

36. Agantu Hetu (bahya): Raja, Prag-vata sevana, Marmaghata, Kanta-Urasah-Pratighata..etc
Nija Hetu (Abhyantara):
Again divided into
Vataprakopaka – Rukshanna, Sheetasana, Sheetambu, Vyayama, Advasevana…
Kapha prakopaka – Jalaja, Anupa mmasa, Dadhi, Nispava, Masha, Pinyaka, Guru bhojana,
Ksheera….
9/1/2021
36

37. Amapradoshaja – Vishamasana, Dadhi, Abhishyandi, Amaksheera, Gurubhojana….
Khavaigunyakaraka – Raja, dhuma, Adhva sevana, Dwandva, kshatakshaya,
Marmaghata…..
Nidanartaka roga – Pratishyaya, Kasa, Udavarta…
Mulastana dustikara roga – Atisara, Jwara, chardi, Vishucika, Atisara, alasaka
Manasika Hetu: Krodha, Bhaya, Shoka….
9/1/2021
37

38. Hetu Dosha Dushya & Srotas Guna Samprapti
Sheetastana/ Sheetapaana Vata, kapha Rasa Sheeta Sankocha pradana
Rukshaanna Vata Rasa Ruksha Dhatukshaya
Vishamahara Kapha Rasa Abhishyandi Kapha pradhana
Guru ahara Kapha Rasa, Rakta Guru Kapha pradhana
Vidaahi ahara Pitta Rasa, Rakta Vidahi Pitta prakopaka
Jalaja & Anupa mamsa Kapha Rakta, Mamsa Guru Amajanya
Abhishyandi ahara Kapha Rakta, Mamsa Guru Amajanya
Tial taila Pitta Rasa, Rakta Ushna Pitta prakopaka
Rajo dhuma sevana Vata, Kapha Pranavaha Ruksha Srotovaigunya
Sheeta vihara Vata, Kapha Rasa, Pranavaha Sheeta Sankocha pradana
Ativyayama, Adhwa Vata - Ruksha Dhatukshayaja,
sankocha
Atishodana Vata Rasa Ruksha Vataprakopaka
9/1/2021
38

39. Pandu roga is Karana for swasa roga :[
Nidanartakara Roga]
पाण्डिोगकािणत्वाद्धधक्काश्वासयोुः पाण्डिोगानतििममभधानम ्| वक्ष्यति र्ह-
“पाण्डिोगाद्ववषाच्छचैव प्रविेिे गदाववमौ” इति| -C.chi.17/1
As Pandu roga is Rasapradoshaja vyadhi
Swasa is Pranavaha srotovikara I.e., caused due to pranavaha srodusti. As pranavaha
srotas & Rasavaha srotas is having same mula stana. So there is more chances fs rasavaha
srotodusti which inturn is a nidana for pandu roga.
9/1/2021
39

40. i.e.,
िि प्राणवहानां स्रोिसां हृदयं मूलं महास्रोिश्च;
िसवहानां स्रोिसां हृदयं मूलं दर् च धमतयुः|-C.vi.5/8
9/1/2021
40

41. Kasa roga is Karana for swasa roga:[ Nidanartakara
Roga]
कासतनदानादनतििं श्वासतनदानािम्भोऽयं सम्बतधुः| कासादपेक्षया श्वासो भवति| िर्ाऽनतििमक्िम्
(हृ. तन. अ. ३|३८) - "कासाच्छ्वासक्षयच्छछर्दथ" इत्यार्द|
-A.H.Ni.4/1[com]
र्हक्काश्वासानतििं समानधचककन्त्सित्वाि् िर्ा र्हक्काश्वासकासानां पिस्पिानबन्तधत्वाच्छच
………..-c.chi.18/1(com)
श्वासप्रतिषेधानतििं वािकफप्राधातयत्वसाम्यात्तल्यधचककन्त्सित्वाच्छच कासप्रतिषेधािम्भुः
…………….-S.u.52/1(com)
9/1/2021
41

42. Similarity in Srotodusti Nidana & Swasa roga
Prana, anna, Udaka & Rasavaha Srotodusti Nidanas & Few Srotodusti laxanas are
similar to Swasa nidana. So there is a strong Relavence in involvement of Prana, anna,
Udaka & Rasavaha srotas in manifestation of swasa vyadhi.
i.e.,
क्षया ् सन्धािणाद्रौक्ष्याद्व्यायामा ् क्षवध स्य च|
प्राणिाहीवन दष्यवन् स्रो ािंस्यन्यैश्च दारुणैुः||१०|| -C.Vi.5/10
9/1/2021
42

43. औष्ण्यादामाद्भयाि्पानादतिर्ष्कातनसेवनाि्|
अम्बवाहीतन दष्यन्ति िृष्णायाश्चातिपीडनाि्||११|| -C.Vi.5/11
अतिमािस्य चाकाले चार्हिस्य च भोजनाि्|
अतनवाहीतन दष्यन्ति वैगण्याि्पावकस्य च||१२|| -C.Vi.5/12
गरुर्ीिमतिन्स्नग्धमतिमािं समश्निाम्|
िसवाहीतन दष्यन्ति धचतत्यानां चातिधचतिनाि्||१३|| -C.Vi.5/13
9/1/2021
43

44. SAMPRAPTI
यर्ादष्टेन दोषेण यर्ा चानववसथपिा तनवृथवत्तिामयस्यासौ सम्प्रान््िंजाथतििागतिुः
|॥१०|॥|
-(वा.
तन. अ. १) |
Process of understanding the development of disease by vitiated
doshas which are constantly circulating inside the body, it is also known as
synonyms - Jati , Agati
अ(ि)िैक
े व्याधधजतममािमतत्यकािणव्यापािजतयं सम्प्रान््िमाहुः।। Ch.Ni 1/11
Factors which finally determines the manifestation of the
disease is called samprapti.
9/1/2021
44

45. Samanya Samprapti acc. To charaka
मारुिुः प्राणवाहीतन स्रोिांस्याववश्य क्यति|
उिुःस्र्ुः कफमद्धूय र्हक्काश्वासान्किोति सुः||१७||
घोिान्प्राणोपिोधाय प्राणणनां पञ्च पञ्च च|१८|
- C.Chi.17/17-18
9/1/2021
45

46. According to this Samprapthi. Due to Nidana sevana, the vitiated vata
enters in the pranavaha srotas (Respiratory Channels) and provokes the urastha kapha
(Kapha stagnating in chest). This provoked Kapha obstructs the pranavaha srotas
(Respiratory Channels) and gives rise five types of Hikka and Shwasa
Kaphamuddhuya has been commented by Gangadhara as "Kaphamuddhuya
urdhwam neetwa anaha" which means kapha is moved upwards or towards pranavaha
srotas from uras and thus leading to shwasa.
9/1/2021
46

47. 9/1/2021
47

48. VISHESHA SAMPRAPTI OF SWASA:
यदा स्रोिांमस संरुर्धय मारुिुः कफपूवथकुः|
ववष्वग्रजति संरुद्धस्िदा श्वासातकिोति सुः||४५||
- C.Chi.17/45
When the vitiated Vayu along with Kapha (causes the obstruction to the
respiratory channels, then vayu itself gets obstructed and spreads in the whole
body making abnormal movements and producing Shwasa roga.
9/1/2021
48

49. The pranavayu which has lost its prakruthavashta when get obstructed by dominant
kapha dosha, then attains vimargagathi, i.e., it will move in all directions in the uras there
by impairing the respiration and thus leading to shwasa."
The word "vishwag vrajati" has been commented by Chakrapani as "Sarvato
Gacchati", while Arunadatta has restricted the movement only within uras or chest.
9/1/2021
49

50. 9/1/2021
50

51. Sushrutha:
ववहाय प्रकृ तिंवायुः प्राणोऽर् कफसंयिुः |
श्वासयत्यूर्धवथगो भूत्वा िं श्वासं परिचक्षिे ||४||
-s.u.51
9/1/2021
51

52. Astanga Hrudaya
कफोपरुद्धगमनुः पवनो ववष्वगान्स्र्िुः|
प्राणोदकातनवाहीतन दष्टुः स्रोिांमस दूषयन्||३||
उिुःस्र्ुः करुिे श्वासमामार्यसमद्भवम्|
----------------------|४|-A.H.Ni.$/3-4
Vagbhata explains that the place of origin of this vyadhi is amashaya, srotas
involved here are prana, anna and udaka vaha, and the vyakta sthana being Ura which
happens because of obstruction of normal movements of vata by kapha.
9/1/2021
52

53. 9/1/2021
53

54. PURVAROOPA
These are the symptoms which occur prior to the manifestation of the
disease proper. The onset of this stage takes place after doshadushya
sammoorchana, ie.. sthanasamshraya". The study of poorva roopa helps in early
detection of a disease, which might play a significant role in the episodic disorder
such as tamaka shwasa.
9/1/2021
54

55. आनाहुः पाश्वथर्ूलं च पीडनं हृदयस्य च|
प्राणस्य च ववलोमत्वं श्वासानां पूवथलक्षणम्||२०||
-C.chi.17/20
प्राग्रूपं िस्य हृत्पीडा भक्िद्वेषोऽितिुः पिा |
आनाहुः पाश्वथयोुः र्ूलं वैिस्यं वदनस्य च ||६||
-S.u.51/6
प्राग्रूपं िस्य हृत्पाश्वथर्ूलं प्राणववलोमिा||४||
आनाहुः र्ङ्खभेदश्च--------------------------|
----------------------------|५|-A.H.Ni.4/4
9/1/2021
55

56. Purvaroopa laxana Caraka Sushrutha Astanga Hrudaya
आनाह   
पार्श्वशूल   
हृत्पीड   
प्राणस्य तिलॊमत्िं  - 
भक्तद्वेष -  -
अरति -  -
िदन िैरस्य -  -
शंख भेद - - 
9/1/2021
56

57. TYPES of Swasa roga::
क्षद्रकस् मकवश्छन्नो महानूर्धिवश्च पञ्चधा |
वभय े स महाव्यावधुः श्वास एको विशेष ुः ||५||
-S.U.51/5
क्षद्रकस् मकवश्छन्नो महानूर्धिवश्च पञ्चमुः||२||
-A.H.Ni.4/2
9/1/2021
57

58. Type of Swasa Dosha Pradhanata
Maha Swasa Vata
Urdhwa Swasa Vata
Chinna Swasa Kapha + Vata
Kshudra Swasa Vata
Tamaka Swasa Kapha pradhana
9/1/2021
58

59. SADYASADYATA:
एषां प्राणहिा वज्याथ घोिास्िे ह्यार्कारिणुः||६८||
भेषजैुः सार्धयया्यांस्ि क्षक्षप्रं मभषगपाचिेि्|
उपेक्षक्षिा दहेयर्हथ र्ष्क
ं कक्षममवानलुः||६९||
=C.Chi.17/68-69
क्षद्रुः सार्धयिमस्िेषां िमकुः कृ च्छर उच्छयिे |
ियुः श्वासा न मसर्धयन्ति िमको दबथलस्य च ||१४||-S.U.51/14
त्रयः श्वासाः तिन्नश्वासमिाश्वासोध्वजश्वासाः| तमको दुर्जलस्य चेतत दुर्जलस्य िुांसस्तमकश्वासो न मसध्यतीसयथजः;
9/1/2021
59

60. Type of Swasa Dosha Pradhanata Sadhyaasadyata
Maha Swasa Vata Asadya
Urdhwa Swasa Vata Asadya
Chinna Swasa Kapha + Vata Asadya
Kshudra Swasa Vata Sadya
Tamaka Swasa Kapha pradhana Kruchrasadya
9/1/2021
60

61. ………….धीमानन्ग्नवेर्ुः कृ िाञ्जमलुः||३||
य इमे द्ववववधाुः प्रोक्िान्स्िदोषान्स्िप्रकोपणाुः|
िोगा नानात्मकास्िेषां कस्को भवति दजथयुः||४||
………………….
कामं प्राणहिा िोगा बहवो न ि िे िर्ा|
यर्ा श्वासश्च र्हक्का च प्राणानार् तनकृ तििुः||६||
अतयैि्यपसृष्टस्य िोगैजथतिोुः पृर्न्ग्वधैुः|
अतिे सञ्जायिे र्हक्का श्वासो वा िीरवेदनुः||७||
-C.Chi.17/3-7
9/1/2021
61

62. When Agnivesha asks question to lord Punarvasu Atreya i.e There are variety of
diseases classifiable into 2 categories, viz., Samanya or Asamanya, which are produced by
aggregation of 3 doshas or in their combined form. Cause for the aggravation of doshas are
3 karanas viz., Asatmendriyarta samyoga, Prajnaparadha & Parinama. Which of these are
difficult of cure?
After listening to agnivesha’s question, Lord Punarvasu atreya replies – “it’s true
that there are Several dreadly diseases like shankaka, rohini etc., which can kill a patient.
But none of these are dreadly as Hikka & Swasa which kills a patient instantaneously. Even
if the patient has been suffering with other types of diseases, ultimately he/ she falls as a
victim of hikka & Swasa that are immensely painful i.e., Hikka / Swasa occurs as the
terminal ailment before death.
9/1/2021
62

63. Among 5 types of swasa, first 3 types i.e., Maha Swasa, Urdhwa
swasa & china Swasa becomes asadya &
Tamaka swasa is the one disease which is seen more prevalent among
population. In this regard Tamaka Swasa is dealt indetail.
9/1/2021
63

64. TAMAKASWASA:
9/1/2021
64

65. Derivation:
Tamaka Shwasa consists of two words viz., Tamaka and Shwasa.
TAMAKA:
The word Tamaka is derived from the dhatu ‘िम् ग्लानौ’ which means Saddness.
The Sanskrit-Engllish Dictionary by Vidhyadhar vaman- gives the different meanings of
tama i.e., To choke, to be suffocated, To be Exhausted, To be Unease, To be Distressed.
िमक - िाम्यति अि िम व वचस्पत्यम्. – it is described as one variety of disease in
Swasa in vacaspatyam.
िम िाम्यति अनेन इति िम – Halayudhakosha
The word tama denotes Andhakara, Nishacharma, divantaka,..
9/1/2021
65

66. SHWASA:
Shwasitam vayu iti shwasah
Inhalation and exhalation of air is Shwasa.
Shwasiti Anena iti shwasah"
The process by which exchange of air takes place that is SHWASA.
Shwasiti iti shwasah‘
Means the Physiology of respiration is Shwasa.
9/1/2021
66

67. Vishesha Nidana:[ Aggravating factor]
मेघाम्बशी प्राविा ैुः श्लेष्मलैश्चावभिधव े|
स याप्यस् मकश्वासुः सार्धयो िा स्यान्निोवत्थ ुः||६२||
इव मकश्वासुः| -C.chi.17/62
9/1/2021
67

68. SAMPRAPTI OF TAMAKA SHWASA
The nidana leads to pratiloma gathi of Vaayu. This, in turn will vitiate the
kapha dosha. As a result excessive kapha will be secreted leading to peenasa. Vata
moving through the kapha avrutha pranavahasrotas will produce ghurghuraka, along
with intense attacks.
प्रव लोमिं यदा िायुः स्रो ािंवस प्रव पय े|
रीिािं वशिश्च सङ्गृह्य श्लेष्माणिं समदीयव च||५५||
किोव पीनसिं ेन रुद्धो घघवरुकिं था| -C.chi.17/55
Diagram1 of Tamaka swasa
9/1/2021
68

69. Samprapti according to Kriyakala
Sanchaya Stage I
It is the stage of dosha sanchaya. It is the stage where the vata and kapha dosha
accumulate due to their respective vata prakopaka and kapha prakopaka nidana. Sanchaya of vata
occurs in pranavaha srotas and that of kapha in uras.
Prakopa Stage II
It is the stage of dosha prakopa. sheeta kala,durdina etc. will provoke the sanchita doshas.
As a result the vata dosha in pranavaha srotas and kapha in uras tries to move to other places.
9/1/2021
69

70. Prasara Stage III
In this stage the kupitha doshas hampers the agni and causes agnimandya and in
turn produces ama. Both vata and kapha begins to move all over their aashaya.
In the above 3 stages we may not get clear picture regarding dominant dosha. If these
stages are continued then it will pass on to other stages of kriyakala where the pathological
changes are clearly manifested resulting in clinically appreciable symptoms.
9/1/2021
70

71. Sthanasamsraya Stage IV
It is the stage of dosha dushya sammurchana and sthana samshraya. The kupita
vata moves in the uras and kapha from Amashaya tends to move into pranavaha srotas.
There will be obstruction to the movement of vata and as a result of this, prodromal
features of the disease are manifested.
The aggravated dosha ie., vata moving all over the body, as well in pranavaha srotas, will
lead to the kha-vaigunyatha.
The obstructed vata moves in all directions in pranavaha srotas ie. the tapped air in the
bronchial tree over inflates the lungs, resulting in shwasakruchratha
9/1/2021
71

72. Vyakta Stage V
Prakupita vata which is obstructed by kapha will attain pratiloma gati.
This pratiloma gati of vata results in vimarga gamana of kapha from
annavaha and udakavaha srotas. Peenasa and a sort of obstructive sound ie. Ghurghuraka
are the first signs of shwasa.
Furthermore, in progressive stage, the degree of obstruction increases to such
an extent that to cope up the need of bahya prana", body has to increases the rate of
respiration. The obstruction goes on increasing and insufficiency of bahya prana occurs,
which manifests;Tamo darshana, Pramoha, Sannirodha,etc.,
9/1/2021
72

73. Bheda Stage VI
It is the stage of deerghakala anubhandhatwa. In the absence of proper
treatment or insufficient treatment there will be permanent changes in the srotas
and its moola resulting in complications.
9/1/2021
73

74. Lakshana of Tamaka swasa:
Laxanas of vyadhi appears in the 5th Kriyakala i.e., Vyaktavasta in which Sign &
symptoms of a disease become completely manifested. The laxanas which are
Alpavyakta in poorvaroopavasta becomes Vyakta in Roopvasta.
9/1/2021
74

75. The lakshana of Tamaka Shwasa has been explained with clinical course of
the disease, Rather than listing of signs and symptoms. The appreciable lakshana of
Tamaka Shwasa are Explained as -
1) Vishista or Prat yatma niyata lakshana: E.g., Shwasakrichrata, Kasa, and Ghurguraka
etc
2) Upashayanupashaya rupi lakshana – Aggravating & relieving laxanas
3) Samanya lakshana – Depicted in table
9/1/2021
75

76. प्रतिलोमं यदा वायुः स्रोिांमस प्रतिपद्यिे|
ग्रीवां मर्िश्च सङ्गृह्य श्लेष्माणं समदीयथ च||५५||
किोति पीनसं िेन रुद्धो घघथरुक
ं िर्ा|
अिीव िीरवेगं च श्वासं प्राणप्रपीडकम्||५६||
प्रिाम्यत्यतिवेगाच्छच कासिे सन्तनरुर्धयिे|
प्रमोहं कासमानश्च स गच्छछति महमथहुः||५७||
श्लेष्मण्यमच्छयमाने ि भृर्ं भवति दुःणखिुः|
िस्यैव च ववमोक्षातिे महूिं लभिे सखम ्||५८|| …
9/1/2021
76

77. …………………………………
अर्ास्योद्र्धवंसिे कण्ठुः कृ च्छराच्छछक्नोति भावषिम्|
न चावप तनद्रां लभिे र्यानुः श्वासपीडडिुः||५९||
पाश्वे िस्यावगृह्णाति र्यानस्य समीिणुः|
आसीनो लभिे सौख्यमष्णं चैवामभनतदति||६०||
उन्च्छरिाक्षो ललाटेन न्स्वद्यिा भृर्मतिथमान ्|
ववर्ष्कास्यो महुः श्वासो महश्चैवावधम्यिे| -C.Chi.17/55-61
Lakshana of tamaka swasa:
9/1/2021
77

78. Lakshana of tamaka swasa:
Sl.No. Roopa C.S S.S A.S A.H
1. ीव्र िेग श्वास  -  
2. प्राण प्रपीडक श्वास  -  
3. महुमवहु श्वास  -  
4. ऋद्द श्वास  - - -
5. घघविकम्    
6. कास िेग ुः प्र ाम्यव  - - -
7. कासा ् सवन्नरुद्य े  - - -
8. कास र्न्य प्रमोह  -  
9. आवसनो लभ े सौ्यम्  -  
9/1/2021
78

79. 10. शयनान्िे र्श्ासातिकम्    
11. शयनान् े पाश्ववरह  - - -
12. पीनस  -  
13. मह ् घोसिन् श्वास -  - -
14. श्लेष्मण्यमच्य र्न्य दुःख:  - - -
15. श्लेष्म विमोक्षर्न्य सखुः  -  
16. रीि वसि सिंरहण  -  -
17. कण्टोर्धििंस  - - -
18. ललाट स्िेद   
19. उवच्ि ाव्श  -  
20. विशषकास्य  -  
9/1/2021
79

80. 21. िमन -  - -
22. ृष्ण -   
23. भक्त वेश -  - -
24. अबल -  - -
25. उष्णावभनन्धव  -  
26. मेघाम्बना िधव े  -  
27. शी ेन िधव े  -  
28. प्राविा ेन िधव े  -  
29. दवदवन िधव े -  - -
30. िेपथ् -  - -
31. उिुः पीड - -  
32. पश्वव पीड - -  
33. अरुवच - -  
9/1/2021
80

81. Out of these Rupas, some appear in the Vegavastha of Tamaka Shvasa and
some remain present in between the two attacks. With the help of above table, we can conclude
that Acharya Charaka has given a detailed description of Tamaka Shvasa Lakshana in which he
has emphasized more on the Vegavastha Lakshana while Sushruta has described both type of
Lakshana, Vata as well as Kapha Dosha, Rasa Dhatu and Pranavaha Srotasa are the predominant
factors involved in the pathogenesis of Tamaka Shvasa and for apparent reasons, these factors
determine the course and clinical manifestation of the disease. Disturbed respiration with
audibility is the cardinal symptom of the disease.
9/1/2021
81

82. Laxanas Depicting involvement of srotas in
swasa roga:
िि प्राणवहानां स्रोिसां हृदयं मूलं महास्रोिश्च, प्रदष्टानां ि खल्वेषाममदं ववर्ेषववज्ञानं भवति;
िद्यर्ा- अतिसृष्टमतिबद्धं कवपिमल्पाल्पमभीक्ष्णं वा सर्ब्दर्ूलमच्छ्वसतिं दृष््वा
प्राणवहातयस्य स्रोिांमस प्रदष्टानीति ववद्याि्|
उदकवहानां स्रोिसां िालमूलं क्लोम च, प्रदष्टानां ि खल्वेषाममदं ववर्ेषववज्ञानं भवति; िद्यर्ा-
न्जह्वािाल्वोष्ठकण्ठक्लोमर्ोषं वपपासां चातिप्रवृद्धां दृष््वोदकवहातयस्य स्रोिांमस प्रदष्टानीति
ववद्याि्|
9/1/2021
82

83. अन्निहानािं स्रो सामामाशयो मूलिं िामिं च पाश्वं, प्रदष्टानािं खल्िेषावमदिं विशेषविज्ञानिं भिव ; यथा-
अनन्नावभलषणमिोचकविपाकौ छवदं च दृष्ट्िाऽन्निहान्यस्य स्रो ािंवस प्रदष्टानीव विया ्|
-C.Vi.5
9/1/2021
83

84. Though there are 5 types mentioned in Shwasa roga in particular, Tamaka
shwasa is the one which has got prime clinical importance as well as therapeutic
importance. Charaka also classifies Shwasa and hikka into two types based on dosha
pradhanyata, and they can be considered as two types of Tamaka shwasa along with
Pratamaka and Santamaka because Tamaka Shvasa can be caused either through vitiation
of vata or through awarodha of kapha.
1. Kaphadikya Shwasa
2. Vatadikya Shwasa
9/1/2021
84

85. Kaphapradhana Samprapti
Vata is in normal state and Kapha is either vitiated with its own etiological factors like Shita, Guru,
Dadhi, Amakshira etc, or Vishamashana, Vishtambhi Bhojana etc.
can produce Mandagni
Produces Ama
Produces Malarupa Kapha
This vitiated Kapha in the Uraha Pradesha causes the obstruction in the normal path of Vata (Prana)
Avaranajanya Vata Prakopa and Pratiloma Gati of Vata
Swasa
9/1/2021
85

86. Kaphadikya shwasa might be considered if the patient presents with lakshanas
like Peenasa, Kasa, Ghurghurukata, kruchra bhashana and the one which gets
aggravated by the use of sheeta and shleshmala ahara vihara.
9/1/2021
86

87. Vatapradhana Samprapti
Vata is vitiated through its own etiological factors like Apatarpana, Raja, Dhuma, Vegavarodha etc
and by Dhatukshaya (due to chronic disorders), vitiated Vata causes contraction of Pranavaha Srotasa, which
further produces Pratishyaya by excitation of Kapha Dosha. Thus, leading to the presentation of Shvasa
Vatadhikya shwasa might be considered if the patient presents with lakshanas pertaining to shwasa
as teevravega yukta shwasa, pranaprapeedaka, moha, tamo darshana, shayane shwasa peedita, aaseeo labhate
sukham, ucchritaksha, swedana, shulayukta, muhu shwasa, muhu avadhamyate and the one which gets aggravated
during meghaachadita and varsha kaala, and by the use of sheeta ahara vihara.
9/1/2021
87

88. Understanding Udavarta Samprapti in Swasa Roga:
कषायतिक्िोषणरूक्षभोज्यैुः सतधािणाभोजनमैर्नैश्च [१] |
पक्वार्ये क्यति चेदपानुः स्रोिांस्यधोगातन बली स
रुद्र्धवा||५||
किोति ववण्मारुिमूिसङ्गं क्रमाददाविथमिुः सघोिम ्|
रुग्बन्स्िहृत्कक्ष्यदिेष्वभीक्ष्णं सपृष्ठपाश्वेष्वतिदारुणा
स्याि्||६||
आर्धमानहृल्लासववकतिथकाश्च िोदोऽववपाकश्च सबन्स्िर्ोर्ुः|
वचोऽप्रवृवत्तजथठिे च गण्डातयूर्धवथश्च [२] वायववथहिो गदे
स्याि्||७||
कृ च्छरेण र्ष्कस्य धचिाि्प्रवृवत्तुः स्याद्वा िनुः स्याि्
खिरूक्षर्ीिा|
ििश्च िोगा ज्विमूिकृ च्छरप्रवार्हकाहृद्ग्रहणीप्रदोषाुः||८||
वम्यातर्धयबाधधयथमर्िोऽमभिापवािोदिाष्ठीलमनोववकािाुः|
िृष्णास्रवपत्तारुधचगल्मकासश्वासप्रतिश्यार्दथिपाश्वथिोगाुः||
९||
अतये च िोगा बहवोऽतनलोत्र्ा भवतत्यदाविथकृ िाुः सघोिाुः|
धचककन्त्सिं चास्य यर्ावदूर्धवं प्रवक्ष्यिे िच्छछ
ृ ण
चान्ग्नवेर्!||१०|
-C.Chi.26/5-10
9/1/2021
88

89. Types of Samprapti concerning to Tamaka Shwasa may be
considered as follows:
Sankhya Samprapti – Considering the disease Shwasa as a whole, it is of 5 types,
Tamaka shwasa in particular is of two types, and can also be classified into three types
based on the doshic involvement.
Pradhanya Samprapti – Both Kapha and Vata are given equal importance in the
Samprapti of Shwasa along with Pitta dosha in terms of udbhava sthana and its
involvement in the disease while explaining the types of Tamaka shwasa.
9/1/2021
89

90. Vikalpa Samprapti – Being the type of Samprapti to understand the amshamsha kalpana of
the particular dosha type, in Tamaka shwasa, Prana vata is the pradhana dosha and with
further involvement of other types of Vata and Avalambaka kapha as the prime kapha type.
Pachaka pitta being the sthanika dosha of utpatti sthana is the pradhana pitta dosha involved.
Vidhi Samprapti – Nija vyadhi in most cases, with agantuja as preraka hetu in the
Samprapti.
Bala Samprapti – The disease is more balavan due to the age factors in Bala and Vruddha
and is more common in them.
Kala Samprapti – With the involvement of Vata and Kapha, the disease is more common in
Sheeta kala and as a preraka hetu it is also observed in the Vasanta rutu kala.
9/1/2021
90

91. TYPES OF TAMAKA SHVASA:
Charaka has further mentioned two different stages of Tamaka Shvasa
as further complication of disease, viz. Pratamaka and Santamaka Shvasa. Both
differ from each other on the basis of intensity of attacks. Sushruta and Vagbhata
have only mentioned the term Pratamaka, which also includes clinical
manifestation of Santamaka.
9/1/2021
91

92. ज्विमूच्छछाथपिीिस्य ववद्याि्प्रिमक
ं ि िम ्|
उदाविथिजोऽजीणथन्क्लतनकायतनिोधजुः||६३||
िमसा वधथिेऽत्यर्ं र्ीिैश्चार् प्रर्ाम्यति|
मज्जिस्िमसीवाऽस्य ववद्याि्सतिमक
ं ि िम्||६४||
इति प्रिमकसतिमकश्वासौ|
-C.Chi.17/63-64
9/1/2021
92

93. 1. Pratamaka Shvasa:
When a patient of Tamaka Shvasa suffers with fever and fainting, then the
condition is called as Pratamaka Shvasa. Tamaka Shvasa is a Kaphapradana Vyadhi but
whenever which is suggestive of involvement of Pittadosha in it, Pratamaka Shvasa can be
considered.
2. Santamaka Shvasa:
When the patient of Tamaka Shvasa feels submerged in darkness, the condition is
called as Santamaka Shvasa. This can be taken as the severe stage of Pratamaka,
9/1/2021
93

94. These both conditions are aggravated by Udavarta, dust, indigestion, humidity in
body. and suppression of natural urges. Though cooling regimen is one of the
causative Factors of Tamaka swasa but in Pratamaka & Santamaka Swasa, the
patient gets relief by administering cooling agents due to Pitta Dosha
Involvement.
9/1/2021
94

95. SAMPRAPTI GHATAKA:
Dosha – Vata: Pranavayu [Pradhana], udana & vyana vata
Kapha: Kledaka & Avalambaka kapha
Dushya- Rasa
Agni – Mandagni & vishamagni
Ama – Jataragni, Rasa dhatwagni mandyajanya
Srotas – Prana, Anna, udaka, Rasavaha
9/1/2021
95

96. Srotodusti – Sanga, Atipravrutti & Vimarga gamana
Udbhavastana – Ch: Pittastana
Vag: Amashaya
Vyakta stana – Aasya, Greeva, Prusta, Parshwa, Uras
Sanchara stana – Pranavaha sroto avayava
Rogamarga – Abhyantara
Vyadhi swabhava – Chirakaari
Sadhya-asadhyata - Navina: KruchraSadya
Purana: Yapya [ch], Kruchrasadya [su]
9/1/2021
96

97. Analysis of samprapti ghataka:
DOSHA:
According to Acharya Charaka, Kapha and Vata are main dosha for the causation of
Shwasa and Hikka Roga. He said that vitiated vata enters in the pranavaha srotas and provokes
the urastha Kapha giving rise to five types of Hikka and Shwasa. Sushruta mentioned the
involvement of kapha and vata dosha in the samanya samprapti of Shwasa " but Dalhana has
mentioned the involvement of pranavayu, ".
According to Arunadatta, importance should be given to both doshas. Thus we conclude that
kapha and vata are main Doshas involved in Tamaka Shwasa.
9/1/2021
97

98. DUSHYA:
The involvement of Dushya is not mentioned clearly in Shwasa roga, Charaka says
that Rasadi Dhatus gets dried in these diseases. In Tamaka Shwasa, kapha dusti is found,
and malarupa Kapha is produced from Rasa Dhatu Dusti. So we conclude that Rasa dhatu
is involved in Tamaka Shwasa.
SROTAS & SROTODUSTI LAKSHANA:
(1) Pranavaha Srotas: Ati Srusta / Ati Baddhah / Shabda / Sashulam / Abhikshna /Moha /
Brahma
(2) Udakavaha Srotas Jihvatalukantha Shosha
(3) Annavaha Srotas : Anannabhilasha / Aaruchi/ Avipaka / Chardi /Aadhmana
(4) Rasavaha Srotas :Ashraddha / Aruchi / Mukhavairasya / Hrullasa, gaurava/Tandra
/Jwara / Panduta
9/1/2021
98

99. SROTAS:
The main seat of origin of Shwasa and Hikka Roga in Pranavaha srotas. In
Samanya (general) pathogenesis of Shwasa roga, Chakrapanidatta has given the meaning of
"SROTANSI" as prana and Udakavaha Srotas. Acharya Charaka has considered Prana,
Udaka and Annavaha Srotas in Samprapti of Hikka and Shwasa are described to be
originated from same causes, so Shwasa roga may also have the involvement of same
Srotas. Acharya Sushruta has also shown the Dusti of same Srotas.
According to Vaghbhata, Dusti of Annavaha Srotas along with Pranavaha and
Udakavaha takes place. In this way we may conclude that Prana, Udaka, and Annavaha
Srotas are affected in Shwasa roga.
9/1/2021
99

100. TYPES OF SROTODUSTI:
Charaka has clearly mentioned in the Tamaka Shwasa vitiated Vayu mixed
with Kapha and caused obstruction in Pranavaha Srotas. It leads to the movement
of vata in various directions. Thus, there is sanga in Srotas, which leads vimarga
gamana and Atipravritti of vata, Acharya Sushruta is also of the same opinion.
9/1/2021
100

101. UDABHAVA STHANA:
Charaka has mentioned that TamakaShwasa is produced due to
involvement of vata and Kapha and is originated in the seat of Pitta (Pittasthana).
Chakrapani has opined that Adhoamasaya should be taken as Pittasthana". Chakrapani
while explaining Pittasthana Samudbhavam mentions that lower part of the stomach
should be taken in this context.
Vagbhata has given Amashya as the Udbhavasthana of Shwasa in place of
Pittasthana
9/1/2021
101

102. ADHISTANA:
In general pathogenesis of Shwasa roga, Charaka has given that when
Vayu enters the Prana Vaha Srotas and gets vitiated, it aggravates the Kapha in
Uraha and gives rise to five types of Hikka and Shwasa. The same has been
described in Astanga Sangraha. Thus Uraha (Chest) is the adhistana of Tamak
Shwasa.
9/1/2021
102

103. AGNI:
Mandagni is the root of cause of all the disease. Due to various Nidanas like Aahara
and vihara it affects on the Jatharagni as result Jatharagnimandya occurs which is said to be the
initiator of all the pathogenesis in the body. While describing the common Nidana of Hikka and
Shwasa, "Vishamashana" shows that the Agni become vishama ie. sometimes it increases, some
times it decreases. Moreover the disease being the vata and Kapha predominant, sometime, Agni
increases due to vata and gets decreased due to kapha. The same has been described by Sushruta'
Thus, Agni remains vishama in Tamaka Shwasa.
9/1/2021
103

104. AMA:
Charaka has mentioned the "Ama Pradosha" as one of the etiological
factors of Hikka and Shwasa. In Tamaka Shwasa, Agni remains vishama. The
Ama is formed during mandagni. The Ama formed vitiates the Rasa Dhatu and
the pathogenetic chain starts giving rise to Shwasa roga.
9/1/2021
104

105. CONCLUSION:
The disease is predominantly caused by Pranavaha Sroto Dushti along with considerable
involvement from anna vaha and udaka vaha srotas.
Acharyas have given the list of nidanas which are Vata and Kapha prakopaka, sroto dushaka and
also cause disturbances to agni. Few nidanarthakara rogas are also mentioned in which shwasa is
found in later stages of that disease.
Tamaka Shvasa is the Vyadhi of Krichra sadya & Yapya nature and has a tendency of recurrence
whenever exposed to the Preraka Hetu. So the due response should be given to Nidana parivarjana
in the treatment of Tamaka shwasa.
9/1/2021
105

106. Agni in its vikruta form being responsible for the production of aama holds a key factor
in the Samprapti.
Prakruti with Vata and Kapha dosha pradhanyata are more prone to Tamaka shwasa as
the disease itself is Vata and Kapha pradhana.
 Pratiloma Vayu is responsible for shwasa krucchrata. The disease being Vata and
Kapha pradhana, even the nidana and Samprapti can happen in two different
mechanisms viz. Avarana-janya and Swanidana Prakopa janya.
9/1/2021
106

107. In the process of Avarana, Vata is in its normal state and Kapha is vitiated due to its own
etiological factors, this vitiated Kapha causes the obstruction in the normal path of Vayu and
vitiates the Vayu. This is Kapha pradhana Samprapti.
In the second way of Samprapti, Vata is vitiated due to its own etiological factors and reaches
the Urah Pradesha, gets obstructed by Kapha. This is Vata pradhana Samprapti.
9/1/2021
107

108. In both processes, vitiation of Vata and Kapha Dosha is a cyclic procedure that’s why
Tamaka shwasa is a Vata- Kaphatmaka Vyadhi. In some conditions, when Vata and
Kapha Prakopaka Hetus are equally dominant, a complex Samprapti involving both
mechanisms can be seen and so is difficult for treatment.
9/1/2021
108

109. REFERENCES:
Acharya Y T, editor, 2019, Ayurvedadipika Commentary of Sri Cakrapanidatta on
Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha, Chikitsa sthana; Hikkaswasachikitsa : chapter 17,.
Varanasi: Chaukhamba orientalia, 2019;
 Acharya J T, editor, 2015, Nibandhasangraha Commentary of Sri Dalhanacharya on
Sushrutha Samhita of Sushrutha Uttara Tantra: Swasa pratishedadyaya; chapter 51 ,
Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 2015, p116.
Bhisagacharya HPV, editor, 2010, Sarvanga Sundari commentary of Arunadatta and
Ayurveda rasayana commentary of Hemadri on Astanga hridayam of Vagbhata, Sutra
sthana; Swasahidma nidana; chapter 4, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit sansthan,2014.
9/1/2021
109

110. Sharma S, editor, 2019, Shashilekha commentary of Indu on Astanga sangraha
of Vruddha Vagbhata, Nidana sthana; Swasahikkanidana: chapter4,
Varanasi:Chowkamba Sanskrit series office, 2019.
Various articles related to Swasa roga.
Google scholar.
9/1/2021
110

111. Disscussion
9/1/2021
111

112. THANKYOU
9/1/2021
112