Department of Ayurveda Samhita and Siddhanta

1. 1

2. 2
welcome

3. Analysis of Samprapti of Shotha and its comparative study w.s.r. to
brihattrayee.
3

4. Presented by
Dr Samantri Jyothi
PG Scholar
Dept of Ayurveda Samhita Siddhanta
Govt Ayurveda Medical College & Hospital
Mysuru
Under the guidance of
Dr Shreevathsa
Prof. & HOD
Dept of Ayurveda Samhita Siddhanta
Govt Ayurveda Medical College & Hospital
Mysuru
4

5. CONTENTS:
1. INTRODUCTION TO SAMPRAPTI
2. INTRODUCTION TO SHOTHA
3. CLARIFICATION ABOUT THE WORDS SHOTHA, SHOPHA & SHVAYATHU
4. RELEVANCE OF PLACEMENT OF SHOTHA IN SAMHITAS
5. SHOTHAAS SWATANTRA & PARATANTRA VYADHI
6. DIFFERENT CONTEXTS OF SHOTHA
7. NIDANA
8. PURVARUPA
9. RUPA
10.SAMPRAPTI
11.COMPARITIVE SAMPRAPTI
12.ANALYSIS OF SAMPRAPTI
13.CONCLUSION
5

6. 1. Introduction to samprapti :
1.1. Nirukti:
 The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary
Saṃprāpti (संप्राप्ति) - Attainment, acquisition.
 Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary
Samprāpti (सम्प्प्राप्ति) - (-ptiḥ) Obtaining, getting, acquisition
 Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary
Samprāpti (सम्प्प्राप्ति):—[=sam-prāpti] [from sam-prāpta > sam-
prānta] f. arrival at
• Rise, appearance
• Attainment, gain, acquisition
6

7. 1.2. Samprapti:
“यथादुष्टेन दोषेण यथा चानुविसर्पिा| ननिवपविरामयस्यासौ
सम्प्प्राप्तिर्ापनिरागनििः ” (िा. नन.अ.१)
The process of manifestation of Vyadhi by the Sarvadeha visarpita
Prakupita Doshas.
Samprapti gives the knowledge of a particular vyadhi from the nidana
ie, the causes for vitiation of doshas, dhatus till the complete expression
of the symptoms. Involvement of Dosha-Dhatu-agni-srotas, Srotodushti
prakara, udbhava-sanchara-vyakta sthana, rogamarga, swabhava and
sadhyasadhyata of particular Vyadhis can be assessed while analyzing
the samprapti.
7

8. 2. Introduction to Shotha:
ि एिार्ररसङ्ख्येया भिद्यमाना ििप्ति हि|
रुर्ािणपसमुत्थानस्थानसंस्थाननामभििः || Cha.Su.12/4
Based on ruja, varna, samutthana, samsthana, nama etc, Vyadhis can be
infinite in number.
स एि क
ु वर्िो दोषिः समुत्थानविशेषििः|
स्थानातिरगिश्चैि र्नयत्यामयान् बिून्||
िस्माद्विकारप्रकृ तीरधिष्ठानान्तराणि च|
समुत्थानविशेषाांश्च बुद््िा कमप समाचरेि्||
यो ह्येिप्त्िियं ज्ञात्िा कमापण्यारििे भिषक्|
ज्ञानर्ूिं यथातयायं स कमपसु न मुह्यनि|| Cha.Su.12/45-47
8

9. It is not necessary for the nomenclature of every pathological condition. The
same dosha when gets vitiated, based on Sthana and Samutthana, can cause
various diseases. Hence it is important to know the 3 things about Vikruthi
 विकार प्रकव नि (लक्षण)
 अधिष्टान
 िॆिु विशेषाि्
One such condition is Shotha. Wherever the ‘उत्सेि’ lakshana is present, it can be
termed generally as Shotha of that particular avayava/anga (Ekadeshaja Shotha)
and the same rule if it is related to sarvasharira.
9

10. 2.1 Shotha nirukti:
शब्दकल्पद्रुम
शॊथिः, र्ुं, (शििीनि । शु गिौ +बािुकलाि् थन् । इत्युणाहदिविौ उ््िलिः ।)
र्यापय : शॊफ, श्ियथु,
िाचस्पत्य :
शॊथिः । र्ुं. शु - थन्।
िस्िर्ादादेिः स्फीििाकारक
े रॊगिॆदॆिस्य लक्षणाहदक
ं िािप्रं उ्िं
Shabdasagara :
शॊथ – Swelling, intumescence
10

11. Monier Williams :
शॊथ –Swelling, Tumor, morbid intumescence
2.2. Definition:
उत्सेिं संििं शोफ
ं िमािुननपचयादििः| A.H.Ni.13/22
Any swelling which is tridoshatmaka is called as Shopha.
11

12. 3. Whether Shotha, Shopha & Shvayathu are Different? :
A few scholars opine that, Shotha refers to generalized swelling whereas
Shopha or Shvayathu refers to inflammatory swelling which may be localised*.
But while going through the contexts of Shotha/Shopha/Shvayathu, all three
terms are used irrespective of the adhistana. And in Shabdakosha’s also, they
have been mentioned as synonyms of each other. Hence they are different words
which expresses the same condition.
*Ref. - Textbook of Kayachikitsa by Dr. Mahesh Udupa.
12

13. 4. Relevance of placement of Shotha concept:
Cha.Su.18: त्रिशोथीयमध्याय
र्ूिाप्याये वर्डका उ्िािः, िाश्च शोथरूर्ािः, अििः शोथाधिकाराि्
त्रिशोथीयोऽभििीयिे|| Cha.Su.18/2
Previous adhyaya - ककयंििः भशरसीयम्याय
In the previous chapter, Pidakas have been explained, as they are Shotharupa
and because of that, Shothadhikara comes. Hence in the next Chapter, Shotha
concept is explained.
13

14. Cha.Chi.12 : श्ियथुधचककत्त्सतमध्याय
क्षिक्षीणे ममोर्घािो ििनि, शोथेऽवर् ममोर्घाििः कारणं,
िेन समानिेिुिया क्षिक्षयमनु शोथधचककप्त्सिमुच्यिे| Cha.Su.18/2
Previous Adhyaya – क्षिक्षीणधचककप्त्सिम्याय
क्षिक्षीण is caused due to Marmopaghata. Shotha Karana is also
Marmopaghata. Hence because of Samana Karanatva, Shvayathu is
explained after क्षिक्षीणधचककत्स.
14

15. A.H.Ni.13 : पाण्डुरोगशोफविसपपननदानध्यायः
…………………………….िेषां र्ूिपमुर्द्रिािः|
शोफप्रिानािः कधथिािः स एिािो ननगद्यिे| A.H.Ni.13/20
As Shopha is the Pradhana Upadrava of Panduroga, Shopha Nidana is
explained after Panduroga Nidana.
A.H.Chi.17 : श्ियथुधचककत्त्सताध्याय
A.H.Chi.17/2
Here also, After explaining Pandu Chikitsa, shvathu Chikitsa has been dealt.
15

16. 5. Shotha As Swatantra & Paratantra Vyadhi :
 Swatantra:
 Shotha is considered as Swatantra Vyadhi when it arises due to none other but its own
causative factors and gets resolved using its own specific treatment.
 It may be Nija or Aagantuja. e. g. local swelling aroused at neck as Galaganda in case
of Nija or the one caused due to trauma or contact with Visha Dravya in case of
Aagantuja.
 Paratantra:
 Shotha is considered as Paratantra Vyadhi, if it is caused due to some other Vyadhi
and gets when that particular Vyadhi is treated.
 This can be in the form of Purvarupa or Lakshan or Upadrava or Arishta Lakshana.
16

17. 6. Different contexts of Shotha
Approximately in 184 Rogavastha’s, Shotha is present as either
Purvarupa or Rupa or Upadrava. (Sabhara Nidana Panchaka by Vaidya
Shivacharana Dhyani.)
6.1. Shotha in Swasthavastha
Garbhini – Pada shotha
17

18. 6.2. Shotha as lakshana:
• Abhighataja jwara
• Gulma
• Udara
• Arsha
• Pandu
• Visarpa
• Visha vega – 3rd
• Vishayukta kupa jala pana – sarva sharira shotha
18

19. • Raktavrutha vata
• Vatarakta
• Dvajabhanga
• Sandhigata vata
• Udara
• Siragata vata
• Aticharana yonivyapath
• Ashmari
• Bhagandara etc
19

20. 6.3. Shotha as Purvarupa
• Shosha
• Kushta
• Unmada – श्ियथुरानने
• Vrana
20

21. 6.4. Shotha as Upadrava :
• Upadrava of dhatu leena doshas –
[अथिाऽवर् र्रीर्ाक
ं िािुष्िेि क्रमातमलािः|
याप्ति ्िरमक
ु िपतिस्िे िथाऽतयर्क
ु िपिे||
दीनिां श्ियथुं ग्लाननं र्ाण्डुिां नातनकामिाम ्|
कण्डूरु्िोठवर्डकािः क
ु िपतत्यप्ग्नं च िे मवदुम्|| Cha. Chi. 336,337]
• Shastra, kshara, agnikarma upadrava
• Raktastambana in arsha in the beginning itself.
• Sangrahana in amatisara –
[दण्डकालसका्मानग्रिण्यशोगदांस्िथा|
शोथर्ाण््िामयतलीिक
ु ष्ठगुल्मोदर्िरान्||]
21

22. 6.5. Shotha as Asadhya Lakshana-
• Udara roga (Sarvamarma Shvayathu)
• Gulma –
[सप्चचििः क्रमशो गुल्मो मिािास्िुर्ररग्रििः|
कव िमूलिः भसरानद्िो यदा क
ू मप इिोतनििः||
दौबपल्यारुधचहृल्लासकासिम्प्यरनि्िरैिः |
िवष्णाितद्राप्रनिश्यायैयुप्यिे न स भस्यनि||
गविीत्िा स्िरश्िासं िम्प्यिीसारर्ीडडिम्|
हृतनाभििस्िर्ादेषु शोफिः कषपनि गुप्ल्मनम्|||]
22

23. 6.6. Shotha as Arishta Lakshana:
 श्ियथुयपस्य क
ु क्षक्षस्थो िस्िर्ादं विसर्पनि|
ज्ञानिसङ्खघं स सङ्ख्लेश्य िेन रोगेण ितयिे||
श्ियथुयपस्य र्ादस्थस्िथा स्रस्िे च वर्प्ण्डक
े |
सीदिश्चातयुिे र्ङ्खघे िं भिषक् र्ररिर्पयेि्||
शूनिस्िं शूनर्ादं शूनगुह्योदरं नरम्|
िीनिणपबलािारमौषिैनोर्र्ादयेि्|| Cha. I. 6/12-14
23

24.  िरानिसारौ शोफातिे श्ियथुिाप ियोिः क्षये|
दुबपलस्य विशेषेण नरस्यातिाय र्ायिे|| Cha. I. 6/18
 ग्रीिािमदो बलिात्जिह्िाश्ियथुरेि च|
ब्र्नास्यगलर्ाकश्च यस्य र््िं िमाहदशेि्|| Cha. I. 11/15
24

25. 7. Nidana:
7.1. Nija shotha :
ननर्ािः र्ुनिः
स्नेिस्िेदिमनविरेचनास्थार्नानुिासनभशरोविरेचनानामयथाित्प्रयोगाप्तमथ्यासंसर्पना
द्िा
छद्पयलसकविसूधचकाश्िासकासानिसारशोषर्ाण्डुरोगोदर्िरप्रदरिगतदराशोविकारानि
कशपनैिाप क
ु ष्ठकण्डूवर्डकाहदभििाप छहदपक्षिथूद्गारशुक्रिािमूिर्ुरीषिेगिारणैिाप
कमपरोगोर्िासा्िकभशपिस्य िा
सिसाऽनिगुिपम्प्ललिणवर्ष्टातनफलशाकरागदधििररिकमद्यमतदकविरूढनिशूकशमी
िातयानूर्ौदक-
वर्भशिोर्योगातमवत्र्ङ्खकलोष्टिक्षणाल्लिणानििक्षणाद्गिपसम्प्र्ीडनादामगिपप्रर्िनाि्
प्रर्ािानां च भमथ्योर्चारादुदीिपदोषत्िाच्च शोफािः प्रादुिपिप्ति; इत्यु्ििः सामातयो
25

26. शुद््यामयाि्िकव शाबलानां क्षाराम्प्लिीक्ष्णोष्णगुरूर्सेिा|
द्याममवच्छाकविरोधिदुष्टगरोर्सवष्टातनननषेिणं च||५||
अशांस्यचेष्टा न च देिशुद्धिमपमोर्घािो विषमा प्रसूनििः|
भमथ्योर्चारिः प्रनिकमपणां च ननर्स्य िेिुिः श्ियथोिः प्रहदष्टिः||
-Cha. Chi. 126
ििार्िवर्पिस्या्िगमनादनिमािमभ्यििरिो िा वर्ष्टातनिररिकशाकलिणानन
क्षीणस्य िाऽनिमािमम्प्लमुर्सेिमानस्य
मवत्र््िलोष्टकटशक
प रानूर्ौदकमांससेिनादिीणिपनो िा
ग्राम्यिमपसेिनाद्विरुद्िाहारसेिनात् िा हस्त्यश्िोष्ररथपदानतसङ्क्षोभिादयो
भसिस्य दोषा िातून् प्रदूष्य श्ियथुमार्ादयतत्यखिले शरीरे || -Su.Chi.23/4
26

27. व्याधिकमोर्िासाहदक्षीणस्य िर्िो द्रुिम्|
अनिमािमथातयस्य गुिपम्प्लप्स्नग्िशीिलम्||
लिणक्षारिीक्ष्णोष्णशाकाम्प्बु स्ितनर्ागरम्|
मवद्ग्राम्प्यमांसिल्लूरमर्ीणपश्रममैथुनम्||
र्दािेमापगपगमनं यानेन क्षोभिणाऽवर् िा|
श्िासकासानिसाराशोर्ठरप्रदर्िरािः||
विषूच्यलसकच्छहदपगिपिीसर्पर्ाण्डििः|
अतये च भमथ्योर्क्रातिास्िैदोषा ……..|| A.H.Ni.13/24-28
27

28. • Charaka Sushruta Vagbhata (A.H.)
• Intake of ati guru, lavana, kshara,
tikshna, ushna, pishtanna, ama-mruth-
dushta-gara upasrushtanna, phala,
shaaka, raga, dadhi, haritaka, madya,
mandaka, viruda, nava shuka - shami
dhanya, anupa-audaka mamsa after
being karshana by panchakarma – roga
– upavasa – adhvagamana.
• Lavana atisevana
• Intake of Mruth, pankha, loshta
• Atimatra sevana of pishtanna-
haritaka-shaka-lavana by the
person who become apatarpita and
who is having features of
atiadhvagamana.
• Anupa – audaka mamsa,
• Atimatra amlasevana by the kshina
persons.
• Viruddhahara sevana
• Mruth pakva loshta-katasharkara
• Vyadhi-karma-
upavasadi
kshinasya – guru.
Amla, lavana-
kshara, snigdha,
shita, tikshna,
ushna, shaka,
ambu-gramya
mamsa, vallura,
• Mruth sevana
•
28
Ahara Sambandhi

29. Due to dharana of chardi,
kshavathu, udgara, shukra,
vata, mutra, purisha ..etc
adharaniya vegas
Ati Sankshobhana by
the yana of hasthi,
ashva, ushtra, ratha,
padati
Divasvapna,
Ratrijagarana,
Kshobhana by Yana
Maithuna in ajirnavasta. Maithuna in ajirna
and Shrama avasta.
29
Vihara Sambandhi

30. • Nidanarthakara roga-
chardi, alasaka, visuchika, shwasa, kasa, atisara,
shosha, pandu, udara roga, jvara, pradara,
bhagandara, arsha, etc
• Garbha sampidana
• Amagarbha prapatana
• Vishama prasuta
• Marmopaghata
• Kushta, kandu, pidaka..etc
- Same description
30
Vyadhi Sambandhi

31. • Ayathavath prayoga of Snehanadi
karma - Snehana, swedana,
vamana, virechana, asthapana,
anuvasana, nasya
• Mithyayoga of samsarjana karma
• Not undergoing Shodhana (na
dehashuddhi)
• Mithyopachara of vividha roga
(ashuddha chikitsa).
• Sutika charya mithyayoga
- -
31
Chikitsa Sambandhi

32. 7.2. Analysis of Nidana :
Nidana mentioned in this context are Vishesha Nidana for Shotha
Vyadhi and are Samanya for Shotha in general (not for Dosha specific).
Vishesha Nidana are those which are specific to a particular disease.
These can include-
Dosha prakopakara kaarana
Dhatu/Srotodushtikara karana
Vyadhi karana
Nidartakara Roga
32

33. 7.2.1. Dosha prakopakara kaarana
By the samana guna, various nidanas can directly cause dosha prakopa.
Ex: Ushna, tikshna..etc
 By the karma, some nidana indirectly cause Dosha prakopa. Ex-
Pishtanna is Vidahi. (A.H.Su.8)
 Navadhanya are Abhishyandi in nature - निं िातयमभिष्यप्तद,
[माभलतयात्स्रोिसां स्रुनिरूर्ं श्लेष्माणं करोिीत्यथपिः| (A.H.Su.6/24)]
 Divaswapna is Kapha prakopaka and Ratrijagarana is Vataprakopaka
33

34.  Tridoshaprakopaka Karana
 Ayathavath prayoga of Shodhana karma ie without considering the prakruti,
bala, desha kala, administration of Shodhana Drvyas will lead to vyapat,
which in turn causes Dosha prakopa leading to manifestation of various
vyadhi.
 Not following parihara kala and administration of Shodhana karma without
considering the general rules can cause vikruthi of Dosha and can also cause
destruction of the Sharira..
नरो विरर्िस्िु ननरूिदानं वििर्पयेि् सतिहदनातयिश्यम्|
शुद्िो ननरूिेण विरेचनं च िद््यस्य शून्यां विकसेच्छरीरम्|| Cha.Si.1/26
(Teeka- शूतयभमनि र्ूिपशोिनशूतयशरीरं र्ुनिः शोिनाद्धिंस्याहदनि िाििः |)
34

35. Mithya samsarjana karma.
भमथ्यासंस्नापहदनि स्िेदादीनां यस्य यि् र्थ्यमु्िं िद्विर्रीिर्थ्यािाराि् ।
-(gangadhara teeka)
प्रर्ािानां च भमथ्योर्चाराहदनि निप्रसूिां र्थ्यविर्रीिसेिनाि् ।
(gangadhara teeka)
35

36. 7.2.2. Dhatu/Srotodushtikara karana
आिारश्च वििारश्च यिः स्याद्दोषगुणैिः समिः|
िािुभिविपगुणश्चावर् स्रोिसां स प्रदूषकिः|| Cha.Vi.5/23
The Ahara and Vihara which are Samanya to Dosha and viguna to Dhatu
(which are dhatu pradushaka), will lead to Srotodushti.
36

37. Agnidushti Annavaha Srotodushti.
Guru, Sheeta ahara sevana Rasavaha Srotodushti
Vidahi, tikshna, ushna ahara sevana Raktavaha Srotodushti
Abhishyadi, guru ahara sevana, divaswapna Mamsavaha Srotodushti
37

38. Rasa pradoshaja vyadhi – Srotasam rodhah.
Rakta & Mamsa pradoshaja vyadhi – most of them are either
Ekangaja Shotha or having Shotha as lakshana.
 िक्ष्यतिे र्िदोषर्ािः|
क
ु ष्ठिीसर्पवर्डका र्िवर्िमसवग्दरिः||
गुदमेढ्रास्यर्ाकश्च तलीिा गुल्मोऽथ विद्रधििः|
नीभलका कामला व्यङ्खगिः वर्ततलिप्स्िलकालकािः||
दद्रुश्चमपदलं प्श्ििं र्ामा कोठास्रमण्डलम ्|
र्िप्रदोषा्र्ायतिे,...| Cha.Su.28/11,12
38

39.  शवणु मांसप्रदोषर्ान्||
अधिमांसाबुपदं कीलं गलशालूकशुप्ण्डक
े |
र्ूनिमांसालर्ीगण्डगण्डमालोर्प्र्प्ह्िकािः||
विद्यातमांसाश्रयान्,...| Cha.Su.28/13,14
Su.Su.25/9:
 अतनाश्रद्िारोचकाविर्ाकाङ्खगमदप्िरहृल्लासिवप्तिगौरिहृत्र्ाण्डुरोगमागोर्रोिकाश्यपिैर
स्याङ्खगसादाकालर्िलीर्भलिदशपनप्रिवियो रसदोषिा विकारािः
 क
ु ष्ठविसर्पवर्डकामशकनीभलकानिलकालकतयच्छव्यङ्खगेतद्रलुतितलीिविद्रधिगुल्मिाि
शोखणिाशोऽबुपदाङ्खगमदापसवग्दरर्िवर्िप्रिवियो रक्तदोषिाः गुदमुिमेढ्रर्ाकाश्च;
 अधिमांसाबुपदाशोऽधिप्र्ह्िोर्प्र्ह्िोर्क
ु शगलशुप्ण्डकालर्ीमांससङ्खघािौष्ठप्रकोर्गलग
ण्डगण्डमालाप्रिवियो माांसदोषिाः|
39

40. 7.2.3. Vyadhi Karana
 Dadhi is said to be Swatantra Nidana for Shotha
अम्प्लर्ाकरसं ग्राहि गुरूष्णं ………शोफकव ि्| (A.H.Su.5/29)
 तमवत्र्ङ्खकलोष्टिक्षणाल्लिणानििक्षणद्गिपसम्प्र्ीडनादामगिपप्रर्िन|
Vegadharana is considered as the cause for all vyadhi.
रोगािः सिेऽवर् र्ायतिे िेगोदीरणिारणैिः|| A.H.Su.5/20
40

41. 8. Purvarupa :
 ऊष्मा िथा स्याद्दिथुिः भसराणामायाम इत्येि च र्ूिपरूर्म्| Cha.Chi.
12/10
 ित्र्ूिपरूर्ं दिथुिः भसरायामोऽङ्खगगौरिम्| A.H.Ni.13/30
41
Purvarupa Charaka Vagbhata
(A.H.)
Ushma + -
Davatu + +
Sirayama + +
Angagourava - +

42. • The 4th Kriyakala ie Sthanasamshraya is expressed through Purvarupa.
र्ूिपरूर्गिेषु चिुथपिः कक्रयाकालिः | Su.Su.21/33
• It is the point where manifestation of particular diseases starts. ie prasarita
doshas gets sthanasamshraya in the regions wherever Khavigunya is there and
from there, specific disease starts their journey.
• Hence Purvarupa are the clinical manifestations indicating the
Sthanasamshraya avastha which reflects the mechanism of Prakupita Doshas
entering into Vyadhi Avastha.
42

43. 9. सामान्यलषि of शॊथ:
सगौरिं स्यादनिप्स्थित्िं सोत्सेिमुष्माऽथ भसरािनुत्िम्|
सलोमिषापऽङ्खगवििणपिा च सामातयभलङ्खगं श्ियथोिः प्रहदष्टम्|| Cha.Chi.12/11
 Heaviness in shotha sthana
 Chalathva of shotha.
 Swelling
 Increased local temperature.
 Thinning of Siras
 Horripulation
 Discolouration of part affected.
43

44.  तत् सम्मूत्च्छपतदोषदूष्यव्यापारेि व्याधििननसमथपस्य कायपललङ्क्गलमनत| (Su.Ni.1/2
– Nya.Cha.)
ie, Samanya Lakshanas are those which are having the ability to express the vyadhi
when there is Dosha – Dushya Sammurchana.
 These are the vyakta lakshanas of Shotha.
 The complete manifestation of the disease is evident in this stage.
 This is the 5th chikitsa avasara.
44

45. 10. Samprapti:
10.1. Samanya samprapti:
A. According to Acharya Charaka & Vagbhata
बाह्यािः भसरािः प्रातय यदा कफासवप््र्िानन सतदूषयिीि िायुिः|
िैबपद्िमागपिः स िदा विसर्पतनुत्सेिभलङ्खगं श्ियथुं करोनि|| Cha.Chi.12/8
वर्िर्िकफातिायुदुपष्टो दुष्टान् बहििःभसरािः|
नीत्िा रुद्िगनिस्िैहिप क
ु यापत्त्िङ्खमांससंश्रयम्||२१||
उत्सेिं संििं शोफ
ं िमािुननपचयादििः|
सिं---------------------------------------| A.H.Ni.13/21,22
45

46. Nidana Sevana Sanchaya
Vata Prakopa (along with other doshas) Prakopa
Vata gamana into Bahya siras Prasara
Sandushana of Kapha, Asruk & Pitta Dosha
Vata Margavarodha by prakupita Kapha, Asruk & Pitta
Unmargagamana /Visarpana of Vata Sthana Samshraya
Ushma, Sirayama etc
Utseda Utpatti Vyakta
Shotha
46

47. B. According to Acharya Sushruta
…….................िस्त्यश्िोष्ररथर्दानिसङ्खक्षोिणादयो भसिस्य दोषा िािून् प्रदूष्य
श्ियथुमार्ादयतत्यखिले शरीरे || Su.Chi.23/4
Nidana Sevana
Dosha Prakopa
Dhatu pradushana
Shotha
47

48. 10.2.Vishishta Samprapti:
उरिःप्स्थिैरू्िपमिस्िु िायोिः स्थानप्स्थिैमप्यगिैस्िु म्ये|
सिापङ्खगगिः सिपगिैिः ्िधचत्स्थैदोषैिः ्िधचि् स्याच््ियथुस्िदा्यिः||
Cha.Chi.12/9
…………………िैिः दॊषा िक्षभस प्स्थिािः||
ऊ्िं शोफमिो बस्िौ म्ये क
ु िपप्ति म्यगािः|
सिापङ्खगगािः सिपगिं प्रत्यङ्खगेषु िदाश्रयािः|| A.H.Ni.13/29
[Instead of Pakwashaya, Acharya Vagbhata has considered Basthi as adhishtana
of Prakupita Doshas as the cause for Adhoshotha]
48

49. Nidana Sevana (Sanchaya)
Vatadi Dosha prakopa (Prakopa)
Gamana into Sira’s (Prasara)
Sthanasamshraya in Uras/Pakvashaya/ (Sthana Samshraya)
Uro-Pakvashaya madya/ Sarvanga
Urdhva/madhya/adhah sharira/sarvanga shotha (respectively) (Vyakta)
49

50. 10.3. Samprapti Bheda:
सा सङ्ख्याप्रािातयविधिविकल्र्बलकालविशेषैभिपद्यिे| Cha.Ni.1/11
 Sankhya samprapti: Trishotha- Trividha Shotha.
 Pradhanya Samprapti: Vata vruddhatama Pitta Kapha vruddhatara
 Vidhi Samprapti: Nija and Agantu.
 Vikalpa Samprapti: Vata - Laghu, sheeta & chala guna
Pitta - Teekshna, ushna & laghu guna
Kapha - Guru & Sheeta guna.
50

51.  Balakala Samprapti:
Vataja Shotha – Divabali.
Kaphaja Shotha – Rathribali
 रात्रिबली कफात्मक इनि रािौ स्रोिोरोिर्ेन देि्लेदेनाचेष्टया च कफस्य
िवद्ित्िाि् ि्र्ननिशोथो बलिान् ििनि,
 हदिा िु स्फ
ु टस्रोिभस शरीरे चेष्टायु्िे न कफो बलीििनि ककतिु िायुिः; िेन
िातशोथो ददिा बलीििनि|
-(Cha.Chi.12/14)
51

52. 10.4. Samprapti Ghataka:
 Dosha – Tridosha
 Dushya – Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa
 Agni – Jataragni, Rasa-Rakta Dhatwagni
 Srotas – Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa vaha srotas
 Srotodushti – Sanga, Vimargagamana, Siragranthi
 Udbhava sthana – Amashaya & Pakwashaya
 Sanchara sthana – Sarva shareera
 Vyakta sthana – Ekanga & Sarvanga
 Adhishtana – Bahya sira’s (Tvak Mamsa Madhya)
 Rogamarga – Bahya & Abhyantara (also Madhyama in Marmaghata)
52

53.  Vyadhi swabhava – nava: mrudu, jirna-daruna
 Sadhyasadhyata –
Sadhya : Naveena, Ahina mamsa, Ekadoshaja, Balavan rogi.
Kashtasadhya : Shotha associated with Upadrava
On the basis of spreading-
In Males: intiating from Pada, shotha which is spreading towards urdhva
sharira is Kashtasadhya.
In Females: intiating from Mukha, shotha which is spreading towards adhah
Sharira is Kashtasadhya.
53

54. 11. Comparitive Samprapti:
54
Factors Charaka Sushrutha Vagbhata (A.H.)
Dosha Tridosha Tridosha Tridosha
Consideration of Rakta Considered - Considered
Adhishtana Bahya sira Not specified Twak-Mamsamadhya
Adhishtana of Dosha in
Vishishta Samprapti
Ura, Pakwashaya and
Ura-Pakwashaya
Madya
- Ura, Basti and Basti
Madya

55. 10.4. Analysis of Samprapti:
 The description of Samanya Samprapti in both Charaka Samhita & Ashtanga
Hrudaya is alsmost same but Acharya Vagbhata has mentioned the Dosha
adhishtana as Tvak-Mamsa, Whereas Charaka has mentioned ‘Bahyasiras’.
Acharya Chakrapani gives clarification by explaining,
बाह्या इनत अगम्भीराः| लसराशब्देन स्रोतसाां सामान्येन ग्रहिम्|
Bahya as Agambhira and sira as srotas. Hence it is clear that, agambhira
is nothing but the Tvak mamsa. Therefore there is no difference of opinion
about the adhishtana.
55

56.  Whereas Acharya Sushruta simply told that, by nidana Sevana, Dosha prakopa &
Dhatu Pradushana occurs which lead to Shotha. He has neither mentioned adhishtana
and nor specified any Dosha.
…….................िस्त्यश्िोष्ररथर्दानिसङ्खक्षोिणादयो लसतस्य दोषा िातून् प्रदूष्य
श्ियथुमार्ादयतत्यखिले शरीरे || Su.Chi.23/4
By this, hint of Srotodushti occurred by the Nidanas.
िमनीदुष््या िु िद्िाह्यदुप्ष्टरिश्यं िििीनि कव त्िा िािुदुप्ष्टलक्षणैरेिेि
िमनीदुप्ष्टरु्िा, र्िाहदिािुदुष््यनिरर्िं िु िमनीदुप्ष्टलक्षणम्| (Cha.Vi.5/8
teeka)
Thus, by the word ‘िािून् प्रदूष्य’, involvement of all the Dhatu can be considered into
account. Hence Acharya Sushrutha’s opinion regarding the adhishtana is different than
that of Acharya Charaka & Vagbhata.
56

57.  Acharya Charaka & Vagbhata have considered Rakta along with Tridosha. May
be because the adhishtana is in between Tvak and Mamsa which is indicating the
involvement of Rakta. as, द्वििीया र्ििरा मांसस्याभ्यतिरििः, िस्यां शोणितां
विशेषतश्च लसरासु यकव त्तलीह्नोश्च ििनि || (Su.Sha.4/10). And also, Rakta
Pradoshaja Vyadhi includes most of the diseases which are listed under
Ekadeshaja Shotha by Acharya Charaka.
57

58.  In vishesha Samprapti, according to all the 3 Samhitas pradhana sthanas of
Tridosha have been given as Adhishtana of prakupita Dosha to cause Shotha in
Adhah, Madhya & Urdhva bhaga of Sharira respectively. But Vagbhata has
mentioned Basthi for Adhah Sharira shotha instead of Pakvashaya.
 Eventhough, in Charaka Samhita, the Karana for explaining the Shvayathu
Chikisa after Kshataksheena is being Marmopaghata, Acharya is silent about
this particular concept in explaining Samprapti. And it cannot be considered
only as Agantuja because in Nija Shotha Karanas also, Marmopaghata is
mentioned - ममोर्घाि इि दोषकव ि एि ज्ञेयिः | (Cha.Chi.12/6). Or else, it can
be considered as one among the Doshaprakopakara nidana in general.
58

59.  Acharya Sushrutha has not explained Samprapti in detail rather he has given
brief explaination of Nidana, Lakshana and chikitsa. In suthrasthana, in the
context of Vranashotha, Acharya has given more importance for Avastha of
Vranashopha which plays important role in surgical management. Here,
Vranashopha can be a type of shotha as dealt in Su.Su.18/3
“शोफसमुत्थाना ग्रप्तथविद्र्यलर्ीप्रिवियिः प्रायेण व्याियोऽभिहििा
अनेकाकव ियिः, िैविपलक्षणिः र्वथुग्रपधथििः समो विषमो िा त्िङ्खमांसस्थायी
दोषसङ्खघाििः शरीरैकदेशोत्त्थतः शोफ इत्युच्यिे||”
Teeka : शरीरैकदेशोप्त्थि इनि एिेन सिपसराद्भितनत्िं प्रनिर्ादयनि||
59

60. Whether Vranashopha is different from Shotha?
 Vranashotha which occurs prior to the Vrana Utpatti is one among Ekadeshaja
shotha as it is having Utseda lakshana,.
 In Madhukosha teeka, Shotha is said to be different from Vranashopha as
Vranashopha has 8 Vranavasthu- Twak, Mamsa, Sira, Snayu, Asthi, Sandhi,
Marma & Kosta same as that of Vrana where as Shotha has restricted upto Twak
and Mamsa.
 In the Upadrava of Shotha also, Vrana is not mentioned.
छहदपिः श्िासोऽरुधचस्िवष्णा ्िरोऽिीसार एि च|
सतिकोऽयं सदौबपल्यिः शोफोर्द्रिसङ्खग्रििः|| (Cha.Su.18/18)
 Hence, Vranashopha is different from Shotha
60

61. 11. Conclusion:
11.1. Conclusion for Shotha Samprapti:
 Vata Prakopa is the prime factor to initiate the process of Dosha Prakopa in the
manifestation of Shotha, by the time, there will be involvement of all three
Doshas along with Rakta.
 Tridoshas are being vitiated by their Swatantra Karanas, hence they are having
merely equal importance in the manifestation of Shotha, and the predominant
will be exhibiting more symptoms (as compared to others) and it will be
named as per and should be treated accordingly.
सिपप्स्िदोषोऽधिकदोषभलङ्खगैस्िच्छब्दमभ्येनि भिषप्ग्र्िं च|| Cha.Chi.12/10
61

62.  The Samprapti explained in the context of Shotha is Samanya Samprapti.
Ekadeshaja Shotha mentioned by the Acharya are having bit different
samprapti which are explained in their particular context. Hence, on the basis
of Utseda Lakshana only they have termed as Ekadeshaja Shotha and there is
no rule that the Samprapti should be same or should be related.
 Shotha manifesting by Swatantra Hetu of respective Dosha can be managed by
adopting the treatment modalities mentioned in the context of ShothaChikitsa.
But, if it is Paratantra Shotha, one has to be careful while analysing the
samprapti. And due care should be taken while treating also.
62

63. 11.2. Conclusion for Samprapti:
Proper understanding of Samprapti is very essential in the management of a
particular disease. As it serves as one of the prime method of Chikitsa –
Samprapti Vighatana.
Analysis of particular Nidana, which is contributing to particular condition ie
either Dosha Prakopa or Srotodushti, will be helpful in order to advice to avoid
the same and also, by knowing the possible damage by that Nidana to repair or
to administer the specific treatment.
Hence it is important to know the Samprapti, its Ghataka for the management
of diseases.
63

64. Discussion
64

65. 65
Thank you