introduction of Algorithms

1. CHAPTER ONE
PROBLEM SOLVING
Objectives:
1- Understand what is “ Programming”?
2- Define “Problem” & “ Problem Solving”.
3- Identify the 5- Stages of Problem Solving.
4-Writing “ Algorithm”
5-Draw “ Flow Chart”

2. 1- Understand what is “ Programming”?
Eat a meal Cook that meal
Buy A Robot Build A Robot
Use a Game / Software Create yours with your OWN Criteria
Programmer
Programming Languages : C , C++, Basic , Visual C , Visual Basic

3. 2- Define “Problem” & “ Problem Solving”.
Objectives
Outputs
Target/Aim/Goal
- Sequence
of Steps
-Activities
Specific
Inputs
Attain / Reach Through Using
Problem Problem Solving

4. Define :
1- Problem.
2- Problem Solving .
Ex:
1- “ Blue Hole” / “Black or White Desert”/ “Cosmic Village”
2- Bake a Cake.

5. 3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) :
1. Define the Problem:
1. Outputs.
2. Inputs.
3. Executing Arithmetic or Logical Operations
Example (1):
2 + 3
Example (2):
A kid have 100 pounds, bought a dark choc. for 48 pounds &
bottle of water for 4 pounds, So ??

6. 3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) Cont.
2. Step by step solving problems:
1. Write an Algorithm
‫الخوارزمي‬
2. Draw a Flow Chart
1. Start
2. Inputs : 2, 3
3. Sum of 2 + 3
4. Output the
Sum.
5. End
Example (1):
2 + 3
Input 2 , 3
Start
Sum = 2 + 3
Output Sum
End

7. Benefits if using Flowcharts:
1- Promotes / facilitate understanding the
problem and shows the tasks when writing
program codes.
2- Explains the program to others
3- Convenient tool for documenting the
program.

8. The Algorithm is :
A Group of logically arranged procedures to be
executed to attain an output using specific inputs.
The Flow Chart is:
It’ a diagram uses standard Graphical symbols or
shapes to illustrate a sequence of steps required to
solve the problem.
The Algorithm is represented by
drawing flowcharts.

9. 3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) cont.
3. Design the Program:
Writing the code
Using a programming Language

10. 3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) cont.
4. Program Testing ( Debug):
During writing program code we can make mistake.
So, We have to check and enter the data and compare to check
the errors and debug / Correct them.
1. Start
2. Inputs : 2, 3
3. Sum of 2 - 3
4. Output the
Sum.
5. End
Example (1):
2 + 3

11. 3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) cont.
5. Program Documentation:
Is documenting : Given input – output – plan – for solving the
problem – drawn flow chart – programming language – last date
modification – people who contribute to the program development
Process. WHY ??? To go back for feedback or correction

12. Problem
Solving
Stages
Problem
Definition
Step by step
Instructions
Program
Design
Program
Testing
Program
Documenting
1
2
3
4
5
Input-Output-Solution
-Writing Algorithm
-Drawing a Flow Chart
-Writing a code using a
Programming Language
check and debug
-Writing all steps Taken to
solve the problem
- People Contributed

13. Flow Chart:
Diagram that uses standard graphical symbols
to illustrate:
the sequence of steps required for solving a
problem or specific question ( the algorithm)

14. The most commonly used Symbols:
Symbols
Significance
(Terminal): Start & End
( Input / Output )
(Process): Arithmetic / Logical
(Decision): Yes / No
(Flow Lines): Directions

15. Example(1-1):
Draw a flow chart that will calculate the sum of two numbers
entered by the user and display the result:
Third : Flow Chart
Second : Algorithm
1- Start
2- Enter The Number A and the Number B
3- Perform the SUM using : C=A+B , while C
is the output
4- Print C
5- End
First : Define the Problem
Outputs: The sum of Two Numbers
Inputs: The 1st number is “A”, The 2nd number is “B”
Solution: C = A+B , where C is the result
Start
Enter A and B
C = A+ B
Output C
End