Internet and Web Technology (CLASS-2) [HTTP & HTML] NIC Web Technology

1. Ayes Chinmay
Internet
&
Web Technology
(HTTP and HTML)

2. IWT Syllabus:
Module 1:
Web:
Internet, Word Wide Web(WWW), History of the Internet, History of the Web, Protocols Governing the Web, Types of
Websites, Web Applications, Web Projects, Web architecture, HTML, URI, HTTP, Issues in Web Development,
Webserver, web browser, Internet standards, TCP/IP Protocol suite, MIME, Cyber Laws.
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(HTTP):
Understand the need for HTTP, URL and it Anatomy, HTTP message format, Persistent and Non-persistent Connections,
Web Caching, Proxy
Web Page Designing HTML:
Introduction to HTML, Mark up Language, HTML Tags, HTML Document Structure, HTML Comments, head, title, base,
link, style, meta, script, Heading tags, paragraph, anchor, image, video, line breaks, text formatting, lists, frames, forms.
Cascaded Style Sheet
Inline Styles, Internal Style Sheet, External Style Sheet, Selectors, Colors, Backgrounds, Background Image, Background
Attachment, Background Shorthand, Borders, Margins, Padding, Fonts, Links, Icons, Lists, Tables, Display, Position,
Overflow, Float, inline- block, Horizontal & Vertical Align, Combinators, Pseudo-classes, Pseudo-elements, Opacity
/ Transparency, Navigation Bar, Dropdowns, Image Gallery, Attribute Selectors, Forms, Counters, Website Layout, Units,
Specificity, Text Effects, Animations, Tooltip, Multiple Columns.

3. HTTP:
 HTTP is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia
information systems.
 HTTP is a request/response standard of a client and a server.
 Typically, an HTTP client initiates a request.
 Resources to be accessed by HTTP are identified using Uniform Resource
Identifiers (URIs).
 This tutorial is based on RFC-2616 specification, which defines the protocol
referred to as HTTP/1.1.
 HTTP/1.0 uses a new connection for each request/response exchange, where
as HTTP/1.1 connection may be used for one or more request/response
exchanges.
 Port Id of HTTP is 80.

4. HTTP Architecture:

5. URI:

6. HTTP Responses:
S.N. Code and Description
1
1xx: Informational
It means the request was received and the process is continuing.
2
2xx: Success
It means the action was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
3
3xx: Redirection
It means further action must be taken in order to complete the request.
4
4xx: Client Error
It means the request contains incorrect syntax or cannot be fulfilled.
5
5xx: Server Error
It means the server failed to fulfill an apparently valid request.

7. HTTP Methods:
S.N. Code and Description
1
GET :
The GET method is used to retrieve information from the given server using a given URI.
Requests using GET should only retrieve data and should have no other effect on the data.
2 HEAD : Same as GET, but transfers the status line and header section only.
3
POST :
A POST request is used to send data to the server, for example, customer information, file
upload, etc. using HTML forms.
4
PUT : Replaces all current representations of the target resource with the uploaded
content.
5 DELETE : Removes all current representations of the target resource given by a URI.
6 CONNECT : Establishes a tunnel to the server identified by a given URI.
7 OPTIONS : Describes the communication options for the target resource.
8 TRACE : Performs a message loop-back test along the path to the target resource.

8. HTTP Header:

9. OSI Layer:

10. HTTP Cache:

11. Web Caching:

12. HTTP Connection:

13. HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) :

14. HTML:
 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
 HTML was released in 1993 (27 years ago).
 HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.
 HTML consists of a series of elements, which inform the browser how to
display the content .
 The latest version of HTML 5 was published in 2012. World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) defines the specifications of HTML..
 HTML 5.2 was released on 27 May 2019 (13 months ago).

15. HTML Tag List:

16. HTML Tag Details:

17. HTML Document Structure :

18. HTML Tags:

19. HTML Tags (Cont.):

20. HTML Attributes:

21. HTML Character Entities & Formatting:

22. Model Questions:
1. What is the default filename of a homepage of a website?
(a) catch.html (b) index.html
(c) try.html (d) home.html
2. Which of the following is not a pair tag?
(a) <i> (b) <u>
(c) <b> (d) <img>
3. The format of an HTML document is
(a) ASCII (b) Special JPEG
(c) Special TIFF (d) Special Web

23. Model Questions: (Cont.)
4. HTML is a subset of
(a) SGML (b) SGHT
(c) STML (d) SHML
5. Which services are available on the World Wide Web
A. Decryption
B. HTTP
C. HTML
D. Firewalls
(a) A and B (b) B and C
(c) B and D (d) A and D
6. Similar to <b> in HTML is
(a) <strong> (b) <img>
(c) <strange> (d) <i>

24. Next Class:
HTML and CSS