Microwave spectrum Electromagnetic Spectrum Wave applications Introduction to microwaves

1. Branch - Electronics Engineering & Related Branches
INTRODUCTION TO MICROWAVES
UNIT – 1
Introduction to microwaves and its applications
Prepared By
Avishisht Kumar

2. Learning outcomes
• What are microwaves?
• Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Microwave spectrum
• Microwave frequency bands
• Microwave Applications
• Some important Microwave Applications

3. • Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths
ranging from about one meter to one millimeter; with frequencies between 300
MHz (1 m) and 300 GHz (1 mm).
• The prefix micro- in microwave is not meant to suggest a wavelength in
the micrometer range. Rather, it indicates that microwaves are "small"
(having shorter wavelengths), compared to the radio waves used prior
to microwave technology.
• Microwaves occupy a place in the electromagnetic spectrum with frequency
above ordinary radio waves, and below infrared light:
What are Microwaves?

4. 100 102 104 106 108 1010 1012 1014 1016 1018 1020 1022 1024 1026
Frequency, Hz
Wavelength, m
Visible Light
Band
1Hz 1KHz 1MHz
108 106 102104 100 10--2 10--4 10--6 10--8 10--10 10--12 10--14 10--16 10--18
1Km
1m 1cm 1µm 1nm
Radio Wave
AM
FM, TV
Microwave
Infrared
Ultra Violet
X-Ray
Gamma- Rays
1GHz
300GHz0.3 GHz
Microwave Band
Microwave band
Electromagnetic Spectrum

5. 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109
Frequency, Hz
Wavelength, m
1 GHz
4 GHz 12GHz
10-1 10-1 10-110-1 10-1 10-1 10-1 10-1 10-1 10-1 10-1 10-1 10-1 10-1
30cm 16.7mm
11.3mm
4mm
Radio Wave
S Band
C Band
mm-Waves
18 GHz
2GHz1 GHz L band
2GHz
8 GHz
X Band
Ku Band
26.5 GHz
40 GHz
K Band
Ka Band
33GHz 50GHz
Q Band
60 GHz
U Band
75 GHz
V Band
90 GHz
110 GHz
W Band
140 GHz
170GHz
300 GHz
F Band
D Band
15cm
7.5cm
3.75cm
25mm
7.5mm
6mm9mm
5mm 3.3mm
2.7mm
2.1mm
1.8mm
1mm
Microwave spectrum

6. Microwave
Frequency
Bands

7. • Point-to-point communication links
• Wireless networks
• Microwave radio relay networks
• Radar
• Satellite and spacecraft communication
• Medical diathermy and cancer treatment
• Remote sensing
• Radio astronomy
Microwaves are widely used in modern technology, for example in
• Particle accelerators
• Spectroscopy
• Industrial heating
• Collision avoidance systems
• Garage door openers and keyless entry
systems
• Cooking food in microwave ovens.
Microwave Applications

8. GEO Satellite
Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)
Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)
LEO & MEO Satellite
Satellite Orbits are the circular or
elliptical trajectories where satellite
are permitted to move uses
Microwave frequencies from
X, Ku, K, Ka, Q,W and F band
for communication to the
Ground Stations.
Some important Microwave Applications

9. Uplink System Consumer house
Service Provider Satellite
Dish Antenna
Transmitter dish
Direct To Home(DTH)
 DTH stands for Direct-to-Home.
 It is a technology that helps to send signals directly to consumer’s
homes, without a middleman such as a cable operator.
 It provides high quality reception of picture and sound to consumers.
 It also provides value added features to their consumers
Interactivity
Games
Pay per view
Some important Microwave Applications

10. Radar
Radar is a detection system that uses radio
waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity
of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft,
ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor
vehicles, weather formations, and terrain.
A radar system consists of a transmitter
producing electromagnetic waves in the radio
or microwaves domain
Some important Microwave Applications

11. Mobile Telephony
Some important Microwave Applications
Mobile telephony is the provision
of telephone services to phones
which may move around freely
rather than stay fixed in one
location.

12. References
1- https://www.uplabs.com/posts/communication-animation
2- https://www.wikipedia.org
3- https://giphy.com/explore/gifsoup