chemistry form 4 salts

1. Chemistry
FORM 4
CHAPTER 2: The structure of atom
CHAPTER 3: Chemical Formulae & Equations
CHAPTER 4:Periodic table of elements
CHAPTER 5: Chemical Bonds
CHAPTER 6: Acids and bases
CHAPTER 7: Rate of reactions
CHAPTER 8: Manufactured and substances in industry

2. Periodic Table

3. ANIONS & CATIONS

4. checklist: Basic things
CHAPTER 2: THE STRUCTURE OF ATOM
1. Atomic structure, number of
proton, electron, neutron
2. Isotopes, definitions, examples and
the importance.
CHAPTER 3:ACIDS AND BASES
1. Molecular mass, mole, number
of particle (calculation part)
2. Know to make the chemical
formula (REMEMBER the charge
of ions)
3. BALANCE chemical equations
CHAPTER 4::PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
1. Member of each group (GROUP 1, 2, 17,18)
and transition elements, period 3.
2. LOCATION and properties of each groups
(physical and chemical properties)
3. The changes of properties down the group
or across period 3. (changing of size,
attraction of e to nucleus, the reactivity)

5. Checklist: Basic things
CHAPTER 5:CHEMICAL BONDS
1. Formation of chemical bonds
(ionic or covalent),
2. Hydrogen bond
3. Dative bond
4. Metal bond
5. The properties of the
compounds
CHAPTER 6:ACID AND BASES
1. Type of acid
2. Type of base
3. Preparing salts
4. Conduct test
CHAPTER 7:RATE OF REACTION
1. How to determine the rate of reaction.
2. Factor influence the rate of reaction.
3. Collusion theory
CHAPTER 8 : MANUFACTURED AND
SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY
1. ALOY
2. TYPE OF GLASS and properties
3. Type of ceramics and its properties
4. Type of composite

6. Chemistry
FORM 4
CHAPTER 2: The structure of atom
CHAPTER 3: Chemical Formulae & Equations
CHAPTER 4:Periodic table of elements
CHAPTER 5: Chemical Bonds
CHAPTER 6: Acids and bases
CHAPTER 7: Rate of reactions
CHAPTER 8: Manufactured and substances in industry

7. ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
• TYPE OF ACID (HCl, H2SO4,HNO3,H3PO4)
• TYPE OF BASE (NaOH, KOH)
• HOW TO DILUTE
CALCULATION PART
M1V1=M2V2 CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES:

8. ACIDS & BASES
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES:
ACID:
Acid + Metal  Salts + H2
Acid + Metal Oxide  Salts + H2
Acid + Metal Carbonate  Salts + H2O + CO2

9. Salts
WHAT IS SALTS?
Is ionic compound that is formed when
H+ in an acid is replaced by a metal ion
or ammonium ion.
HOW TO MAKE
SALTS?
1. Know type of salts.
(Soluble or insoluble)
2. pick right@ suitable
method
TEST SALTS?
1.Color
2. Heat Reaction (Color
changing & gas released)
3. Anion and cation test

10. Salts
TYPE OF SALTS SOLUBILITY IN
WATER
INSOLUBLE
AMMONIUM
NH4+
ALL SOLUBLE X
Nitrate NO3- ALL SOLUBLE X
Sulphate, 𝑆𝑂4
2− SOLUBLE PBC
PbSO4
BaSO4
CaSO4
Chloride Cl- ALL SOLUBLE PAH
PbCl2
AgCl
HgCl2
Carbonate, CO3
2- NAK
NaCO3
(NH4)2CO3
K2CO3
ALL INSOLUBLE
1. TYPE OF SALTS?
SOLUBLE OR INSOLUBE IN WATER

11. PREPARATION OF SALTS
If SOLUBLE salts
Step 1: Identify (soluble or not)
Step 2: NOTES the Anion & Cation
Involve.
NAK other than
NAK
MUST HAVE ACID
USING TITRATION METHOD
ACID + ALKALI  SALTS + H20
USE THESE REACTION:
ACID + METAL  SALTS + H20
ACID +METAL OXIDE @ hydroxide  SALTS+ O2
ACID + METAL CARBONATESALTS+ CO2

12. PREPARATION OF SALTS
METHOD: PRECIPITATION
@ Double decomposition reaction
1. two aqueous solution
• 1 contain metal ion (cation)
• 2 contain non-metal ion (anion)
Ex:
Pb ___ + ___ SO4 PbSO4
Step 1: Identify (soluble or not)
Step 2: NOTES the Anion & Cation
Involve.
If INSOLUBLE salts

13. Salts
TEST SALTS?
By their
1.COLOR
2. Heat Reaction
3. Anion and cation test
3. TEST SALTS
By COLOR of salts
COLOR OF METAL OXIDE: (CPZ)
METAL OXIDE HOT COLD
CuO BLACK BLACK
PbO GOLD YELLOW
ZnO YELLOW WHITE
OTHERS WHITE WHITE

14. 3. TEST SALTS
What happen when salts being
HEATED?
SALTS RELEASE
Nitrate NO3- O2 NO2 (N.A ONLY O2)
Sulphate, 𝑆𝑂4
2− DO NOT
DECOMPOSE
SO3 (STRONG
HEATED)
Chloride Cl- DO NOT
DECOMPOSE
ONLY NH3Cl
Carbonate, CO3
2- CO2 (NOT FOR N.A)
GAS
Changing
color

15. PIRAMID TEST ANION
DARI bawah piramid
• Saya
• Nak
• Chem
• Saya
• Cemerlang
SO4
2-
NO3
-
Cl-
SO4
2-
CO3
-
Igt sabun
FAB
(Dr bwh ye)
Igt HUSIN,
H
H
H H F
Ag
Ba

16. PIRAMID TEST ANION
CONTOH: TEST
UNTUK SO4
2-
Refer bawah die
Ada H, Cl dan Ba.
So test for SO4
2-
Add HCl, then BaCl
SO4
2-
NO3
-
Cl-
SO4
2-
CO3
-
H
H
H H F
Ag
Ba
Try buat untuk
NO3
-

17. ANION TEST
PAH PBC / X NAK TEST
Cl- SO4
2- NO3
- CO3
-
/ HNO3 + AgNO3  AgCl (white)
/ HCl + BaCl2  BaSO4 (white)
Notes that AgCl
insoluble!
Notes that BaSO4
insoluble!

19. Cation Test
• Using NaOH

21. CATION TEST

22. EXAMPLES
Zinc nitrate Solid X Gas Y Oxygen gas
Solution Z

+ +
I
II + Sulphuric acid
1. What is gas Y?..............
2. Write a balance chemical equation for reaction I
3. State the colour of solid X.
(Solid X has different colour when it is hot and cold.)
Nitrogen dioxide
Zn(NO3)2 + O2  ZnO + NO2 +O2
HOT COLD
YELLOW WHITE

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