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Carbon sequestraion
1. VIII Semester ,Chemical Engineering-2018
NAME Atul Kumar Patel
ROLL NO. CSJMA14001390194
BATCH 2K14
CARBON
SEQUSTRAION
UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
2. CONTENTS
Introduction
Objectives of CS
Needs of CS
Processes
Methods
Geological CS Processes
Benefits of CS
Future Implication
References
3. Introduction
Removing carbon from the atmosphere, flue gases
(e.g., at power stations, Industries) and depositing it
in a reservoir
CO2 is naturally captured from the atmosphere
through biological, chemical or physical processes
storage of carbon in oceans, soils, vegetation
(especially forests), and geologic formations
1600-1700 Gigatonnes of carbon is stored in soil
worldwide
4. Objectives of CS
Develop new technologies to reduce rate of
conc. of GHG in air
Reducing air pollutants as well as improving
natural carbon content in soil
Improvement of soil structure and restoring
degraded soil leading to increase yield in crops
To slow the rate of accumulation of GHG in
ocean, released by burning fossil fuels
5. Needs of CS
Air pollution is big problem for whole world
Over the past 150 years, the amount of carbon in the
atmosphere has increased by 30%
Increment in GHG causes allergy problems
Global surface temperature hasrisen by0.8oC since the late
19th Century
Responsible for global warming
Glaciers are thawing, seas are rising
Soil losing its fertility
8. Types of Carbon Sequestration
Terrestrial Sequestration
• removal and storage of CO2 from the atmosphere by plants and soils
on the earth’s surface
• tree-planting, no-till farming, wetland restoration, and forestation
Geologic sequestration
• permanently storing CO2 in subsurface structures such as oil
reservoirs, natural gas deposits, unmineable coal
• It is done by artificial methods
Mineral sequestration
• the formation of stable carbonate salts by the reaction of CO2 with
dissolved calcium and magnesium
• It is a natural process that happens slowly and produces limestone
10. Geological Carbon Sequestration
Consists of two steps:
CO2 from power plants and industrial plants is separated and concentrated,
compressed and transferred through pipelines
dense, fluid state of the CO2 (known as supercritical) is injected into
underground geologic formations
There are three methods for capturing and separating CO2 from plants:
Before the fuel is burned (precombustion)
After the fuel is burned (postcombustion)
By burning the fuel in more oxygen and storing all the gases produced as a
result (oxyfuel)
11. Before the fuel is
burned, the fuel is
converted to syngas,
and then the syngas to
hydrogen and CO2.
Next, the hydrogen is
separated from the
CO2 so the hydrogen
can be used as fuel
After the fuel is
burned, the CO2 is
separated from the
nitrogen using
chemical sorbents
such as
monoethanolamine
Burning fuel
in pure
oxygen so no
nitrogen is
present in the
captured
gases
13. Benefits of CS
Clean atmosphere
Automatic decrement in respiration related problems
Decrease in temperature
Easy survival ofAquatic and Terrestrial living beings
Improved soilstructure
Increased nutrientholdingcapacity
Increased nutrientuse efficiency(spend lesson fertilizers)
Reductionin land requirement forfarming
14. Futuristic Implications
Dead sugar plant can be use in generating bio fuels
policies to encourage Soil sequestration by
agriculture
policies to encourage geological sequestration by
power plants and industries
agricultural and grassland areas can be used to
sequester carbon into soil in INDIA
Cover crops help in reducing CO2
15. References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_sequestration
Ecological Society of America, 1707 H Street,
NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20006.202-833-
8773. esahq@esa.org; http://www.esa.org
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/carbon-capture-
and-storage
https://www.petrowiki.org/CO2 sequestration
https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/carbon-
sequestration.php