This document discusses LAN connectivity hardware, network interface cards (NICs), data transmission modes, and virtual local area networks (VLANs). It defines common LAN hardware like routers, switches, wireless access points, and bridges. It describes different types of NICs including onboard, PCI, PCMCIA, USB, and wireless. It also defines the three data transmission modes: simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex. Finally, it provides an overview of VLANs including their logical and physical views, how they segment broadcast domains, and advantages like ease of administration and reduced costs.

2. Learning Outcomes
1. Describe the functions of LAN connectivity
hardware
2. Identify the various type of Network Interface
Card (NIC)
3. Data Transmission Mode - Simplex, Half-
Duplex and Full-Duplex
4. Define VLAN and the characteristic of VLAN
5. Advantages of creating VLANs in network

3. RECAP
• Explain data element?? How we
sending email to our friend??
• Types of communication device?
• Types of transmission media?
• UTP vs STP?
• Crossover cable vs Straight thru
cable?

4. LAN Connectivity Hardware
 Router – A network interconnection device &
associated software that links two networks.
The networks being linked can be different,
but they must use a common routing protocol.
 Switch – A device that links device such as
computers, terminals, printers & provides a
mechanism to connect one device to another
& communicate directly.

5. LAN Connectivity Hardware (cont…)
 Wireless Access Point - a device that allows
wireless devices to connect to a wired
network using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or related
standards.
 Bridge – a device that connects two similar
network together.
 Forward
 Filter

6. LAN Connectivity Hardware (cont…)
 Mobile Base Stations
A base transceiver station (BTS) is a piece of
equipment that facilitates wireless communication
between user equipment and a network.

7. NIC - Network Interface Card
 (NIC) Network Interface Card - physical
interface or connection between the
computer and the network cable.

8. Types of NIC
 PCI NIC • PCI Express NIC
Those that are installed on an expansion
board inside a computer.

9. Types of NIC (cont…)
 PCMCIA Adapter • USB Port
Those that are installed to the computer’s bus
externally.
USB Hub

10. Types of NIC (cont…)
 FireWire • Compact Flash NIC
Those that are installed to the computer’s bus
externally.

11. Types of NIC (cont…)
 On-Board NIC
Ethernet port and modem jack are provided into the
motherboard.
 Wireless NIC
Network interface controller
which connects to a radio
based

12. Data Transmission Mode
 Data transmission is the physical transfer of
data over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint
communication channel.
 Modes of channel operation namely;
 Simplex,
 Half-duplex
 Full-duplex

13. Simplex
• In simplex transmission, data flow only in one direction
from the sending device to the receiving device.
• Simplex transmission is used only when the sending
device does not require a response from the receiving
device.
• Example: Watching television, security systems and
fire alarms

14. Half-Duplex
• In half-duplex transmission, data can flow in either
direction - from the sending device to the receiving
device, and back - but only in one direction at a time.
• Example: Walkie Talkie, fax machines, credit card
verification systems, and automatic teller machines.

15. Full-Duplex
• In full-duplex transmission, data can flow in both
directions at the same time.
• Example: Telephone

16. Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)
• A network of computers that behave as if they
are connected to the same wire even
though they may actually be physically
located on different segments of a LAN.

17. Physical View of VLAN

18. Each VLAN’s can’t
communicate to each other
VLAN student
VLAN lecturer
VLAN admin

19. Trunk link: A Trunk link can carry multiple VLAN traffic
and normally a trunk link is used to connect switches to
other switches

20. Advantages of VLAN
• Ease to administration - When a computer
is physically moved to another location, it
can stay on the same VLAN without any
hardware reconfiguration.
• Broadcast Control - a large LAN to smaller
VLANs we can reduce broadcast traffic as
each broadcast will be sent on to the relevant
VLAN only.
• Reduced Cost – no need expensive to create
broadcast domains

21. I don’t stop when I’m tired.
I only stop when I’m done…