HOA1&2 - Module 3 - PREHISTORCI ARCHITECTURE OF KERALA.pptx
class 2
1. Submitted To Submitted by
Pronab nath bondhu Fairuz Fatemi
Lecturer ID:1834902087
City University Batch:49(B)Day
B.S.C in CSE
D:24/08/2021
Assignment on
simplex, half duplex, full duplex, IP, LAN, MAN, CAN, hub,
switch, router, MAC.
Course Title: Data Communication
Course Code: CSE 313
2. Simplex
• Simplex is a communications mode in
which only one signal is transmitted, and
it always goes in the same direction. The
transmitter and the receiver operate on
the same frequency.
3. Half Duplex & Full Duplex
• Half-duplex devices can only transmit in one direction
at one time. With half-duplex mode, data can move in
two directions, but not at the same time. The term
duplex, on its own, refers to the capability to send
and receive data. Duplex is often used when talking
about conversations over a telephone or computer.
• The term full-duplex describes simultaneous data
transmission and receptions over one channel. A full-
duplex device is capable of bi-directional network
data transmissions at the same time. A full-duplex
Ethernet environment can use a pair of twisted cable
for packet receiving and a pair of twisted cable for
transmission.
4. LAN, MAN,CAN,WAN
• LAN -A Local Area Network is a private network that connects computers and devices
within a limited area like a residence, an office, a building or a campus. On a small scale,
LANs are used to connect personal computers to printers.
• MAN -A Metropolitan Area Network is a larger network than LAN. It often covers multiple
cities or towns. It is quiet expensive and a single organization may not have own it.
• WAN - A Wide Area Network is a much larger network than LAN and MAN. It often covers
multiple . It is quiet expensive and a single organization may not have own it. Satellite is
used to manage WAN.
• CAN-Short for campus-area network. Here, the computers are within a limited geographic
area, such as a campus or military base.
5. Hub, Switch, Router
• Hub: Hub is commonly used to connect segments of a LAN (Local Area Network). A hub
contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so
that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.
• Switch: A switch operates at the data link layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network
layer (layer 3) of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model and therefore
support any packet protocol.
• Router: A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs
(Wide Area Networks) or a LAN and its ISP. network. The router is generally located at
gateways, the places where two or more networks connect.
6. Addressing
• Address uniquely identifies a location in the memory. We have two types of
addresses that are logical address and physical address. The logical address
is a virtual address and can be viewed by the user. The user can’t view the
physical address directly. The logical address is used like a reference, to
access the physical address.
7. IP Address & class range
• IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique identifier for your
machine. Computers have them, but so do tablets and smartphones. And,
just like a fingerprint or a snowflake, no two IP addresses are exactly the
same. how to get IP address. There are standards for these sorts of things,
of course, and the Internet Assigned Numbers (IANA) Authority sets
them. There are two primary types of IP addresses in use today: IP
version 4 and IP version 6 .
• Class A-(1 -126) [127 loop back address]
• Class B (128-191)
• Class C (192-223)
• Class D (224-239)
• Class E (240-255)
8. MAC(Media access control)
• A media access control is a network data transfer policy that determines
how data is transmitted between two computer terminals through a network
cable. The media access control policy involves sub-layers of the data link
layer 2 in the OSI reference model.
• The essence of the MAC protocol is to ensure non-collision and eases the
transfer of data packets between two computer terminals. A collision takes
place when two or more terminals transmit data/information simultaneously.
This leads to a breakdown of communication, which can prove costly for
organizations that lean heavily on data transmission.
