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Venezuelan Equine
Encephalomyelitis (VEE)
‫صمدی‬ ‫اسدهللا‬ ‫دوکتور‬ ‫پوهندوی‬DVM, MVSc
‫کابل‬ ‫پوهنتون‬
‫وترنری‬ ‫علوم‬ ‫ی‬ً‫پوهنح‬
‫پاراکلینیک‬ ‫دیپارتمنت‬
2
Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis
(VEE)
•VEE‫ک‬ ‫است‬ ‫حشرات‬ ‫از‬ ‫ناشی‬ ‫ویروسی‬ ‫زونوز‬ ‫بیماری‬ ‫یک‬‫ه‬
‫سازد‬ ‫می‬ ‫مصاب‬ ‫را‬ ‫ها‬ ‫اسپ‬
•‫شکل‬ ‫یا‬ ‫حاد‬ ‫تحت‬ ،‫کشنده‬ ‫حاد‬ ‫شکل‬ ‫به‬ ‫تواند‬ ‫می‬ ‫بیماری‬
‫ع‬ ‫اعراض‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫خفیف‬ ‫ویا‬ ‫انسفالیت‬ ‫عالیم‬ ‫با‬ ‫کالسیک‬‫صبی‬
‫نماید‬ ‫سیر‬
3
‫بیماری‬ ‫عامل‬
• Family: Togaviridae
• Genus: Alphavirus
• Serogoups:
– Eastern encephalomyelitis
– Western encephalomyelitis
– Venezuelan encephalomyelitis
4
VEE - Subtypes
• 6 Subtypes (I, II, III, IV, V, VI)
– Subtype I – five varieties:
• IAB, IC, ID, IE, IF
• Epizootic strains / Enzootic strains
5
VEE – Epizootic Strains
• Subtype I, variants AB or C
• (Subtype I, variants D or E?)
– Equine virulent
• High viremia in horses
– Equine epizootics precede human epidemics
– Produce disease in humans
– Inapparent infections in other domestic and wild
animals
6
VEE Transmission: Epizootic Strains
7
VEE – Enzootic Strains
• Subtype I, variants D, E, F
• Subtypes II, III, IV, V, VI
– Subtype II virus present in US (Florida)
• Not usually equine virulent
• Sporadic disease in humans
8
VEE Transmission: Enzootic strains
9
Epizootic VEE History
• 1920 first described in Venezuela
• 1935-1950 – Sporadic outbreaks of epizootic
form in South America
• 1967-1971 – Epizootic form moved northern
South America to Texas
– 1971 Eradication/Control program in US
– 1972 “Last” isolation in Mexico
– 1973 “Last” isolation in Venezuela
10
Epizootic VEE History (cont…)
• 1973-1992 No reports of epizootic form of VEE
– epizootic form considered eradicated
• 1992 Outbreak in Venezuela
• 1993-2000 Outbreaks in several South American
and Central American countries
• 2001 Outbreak in Colombia
11
‫حساس‬ ‫میزبانهای‬
•Clinical epizootic hosts
–‫ها‬ ‫اسپ‬
–‫انسانها‬
–‫خانگی‬ ‫و‬ ‫اهلی‬ ‫پستاندار‬ ‫حیوانات‬ ‫دیگر‬
•Non-clinical enzootic hosts
–‫کوچک‬ ‫های‬ ‫جونده‬
–‫انسانها‬
12
VEE - Vectors
• Enzootic strains
–Culex sp. mosquitoes
• Epizootic strains
–Aedes sp.
–Many other mosquitoes
–Other hematophagous arthropods
13
VEE - Epidemiology
•‫ها‬ ‫اسپ‬
–‫بیماری‬ ‫مخفی‬ ‫دوره‬1–3‫است‬ ‫روز‬
–‫ممک‬ ‫شفایابی‬ ‫ویاهم‬ ‫انسفالیت‬ ،‫تب‬ ‫ظهور‬ ‫از‬ ‫پس‬‫ن‬
‫نماید‬ ‫انکشاف‬
–‫تا‬ ‫شدید‬ ‫ویریمیای‬5‫نماید‬ ‫می‬ ‫دوام‬ ‫روز‬
–‫تا‬ ‫میر‬ ‫و‬ ‫مرگ‬80%‫تواند‬ ‫می‬ ‫رسیده‬
14
VEE is a Zoonotic Disease
•‫انسانها‬
–‫مخفی‬ ‫دوره‬2–5‫روزه‬
–‫مانند‬ ‫انفلوانزا‬ ‫بیماری‬
–‫در‬ ‫صرف‬ ‫انسفالیت‬4%‫ویا‬ ‫اطفال‬ ‫در‬ ‫بویژه‬ ‫حاالت‬
‫کند‬ ‫می‬ ‫انکشاف‬ ‫مسن‬ ‫افراد‬
–‫است‬ ‫پائین‬ ‫بسیار‬ ‫میر‬ ‫و‬ ‫مرگ‬(1%‫کمتر‬ ‫ویا‬)
15
VEE – Clinical Signs
•‫تب‬(‫شدید‬ ‫ویریمیای‬)
•‫ضعف‬(Lethargy)
•‫هدف‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫حرکت‬
•‫دیوار‬ ‫به‬ ‫سر‬ ‫زدن‬
•‫عصبی‬ ‫عالیم‬
•‫مرگ‬
•‫باشند‬ ‫می‬ ‫داشته‬ ‫عصبی‬ ‫نواقص‬ ‫شفایافته‬ ‫های‬ ‫اسپ‬
16
VEE – Clinical Signs
17
VEE – Clinical Signs
18
VEE – Dead Horse Findings
19
VEE – Dead Horse Findings
20
EEE – WEE - VEE
21
VEE – Diagnostic Samples
• Whole blood (heparin)
• Serum
22
VEE – Diagnostic Tests
• Virus isolation
• Antibody detection
• Nucleic acid detection
23
VEE – Immunity
•‫عفونت‬ ‫از‬ ‫پس‬ ‫طبیعی‬ ‫خوب‬ ‫معافیت‬ ‫انکشاف‬
•‫اپیزوتیک‬ ‫و‬ ‫انزوتیک‬ ‫های‬ ‫سترن‬ ‫بین‬ ‫متقابل‬ ‫معافیت‬
•‫است‬ ‫موجود‬ ‫بیماری‬ ‫برابر‬ ‫در‬ ‫تجارتی‬ ‫شکل‬ ‫به‬ ‫های‬ ‫واکسن‬
–‫شده‬ ‫کشته‬(TC-83 strain)
–‫شده‬ ‫ضعیف‬ ‫زنده‬(TC-83 strain)
24
VEE - Control
•‫ها‬ ‫وکتور‬ ‫کنترول‬
•‫انسانها‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬ ‫اسپ‬ ‫واکسیناسیون‬
•‫ویریمیک‬ ‫های‬ ‫اسپ‬ ‫بردن‬ ‫ازبین‬
•‫جدید‬ ‫حیوانات‬ ‫قرانطین‬
25
‫های‬ ‫اپیدمی‬ ‫بینی‬ ‫پیش‬VEE
•‫ستالیتی‬ ‫برداری‬ ‫تصویر‬
–‫افز‬ ‫سبب‬ ‫ممکن‬ ‫که‬ ‫اندمیک‬ ‫ساحات‬ ‫در‬ ‫ایکولوژیکی‬ ‫تغییرات‬‫ایش‬
‫گردد‬ ‫حشرات‬ ‫های‬ ‫جمعیت‬ ‫و‬ ‫تعداد‬ ‫تراکم‬
•‫حشرات‬ ‫های‬ ‫حوض‬ ‫نمودن‬ ‫آزمایش‬
•‫وحشی‬ ‫های‬ ‫جونده‬ ‫گیری‬ ‫نمونه‬
26
Discussion time....

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VEE

  • 1. Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (VEE) ‫صمدی‬ ‫اسدهللا‬ ‫دوکتور‬ ‫پوهندوی‬DVM, MVSc ‫کابل‬ ‫پوهنتون‬ ‫وترنری‬ ‫علوم‬ ‫ی‬ً‫پوهنح‬ ‫پاراکلینیک‬ ‫دیپارتمنت‬
  • 2. 2 Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (VEE) •VEE‫ک‬ ‫است‬ ‫حشرات‬ ‫از‬ ‫ناشی‬ ‫ویروسی‬ ‫زونوز‬ ‫بیماری‬ ‫یک‬‫ه‬ ‫سازد‬ ‫می‬ ‫مصاب‬ ‫را‬ ‫ها‬ ‫اسپ‬ •‫شکل‬ ‫یا‬ ‫حاد‬ ‫تحت‬ ،‫کشنده‬ ‫حاد‬ ‫شکل‬ ‫به‬ ‫تواند‬ ‫می‬ ‫بیماری‬ ‫ع‬ ‫اعراض‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫خفیف‬ ‫ویا‬ ‫انسفالیت‬ ‫عالیم‬ ‫با‬ ‫کالسیک‬‫صبی‬ ‫نماید‬ ‫سیر‬
  • 3. 3 ‫بیماری‬ ‫عامل‬ • Family: Togaviridae • Genus: Alphavirus • Serogoups: – Eastern encephalomyelitis – Western encephalomyelitis – Venezuelan encephalomyelitis
  • 4. 4 VEE - Subtypes • 6 Subtypes (I, II, III, IV, V, VI) – Subtype I – five varieties: • IAB, IC, ID, IE, IF • Epizootic strains / Enzootic strains
  • 5. 5 VEE – Epizootic Strains • Subtype I, variants AB or C • (Subtype I, variants D or E?) – Equine virulent • High viremia in horses – Equine epizootics precede human epidemics – Produce disease in humans – Inapparent infections in other domestic and wild animals
  • 7. 7 VEE – Enzootic Strains • Subtype I, variants D, E, F • Subtypes II, III, IV, V, VI – Subtype II virus present in US (Florida) • Not usually equine virulent • Sporadic disease in humans
  • 9. 9 Epizootic VEE History • 1920 first described in Venezuela • 1935-1950 – Sporadic outbreaks of epizootic form in South America • 1967-1971 – Epizootic form moved northern South America to Texas – 1971 Eradication/Control program in US – 1972 “Last” isolation in Mexico – 1973 “Last” isolation in Venezuela
  • 10. 10 Epizootic VEE History (cont…) • 1973-1992 No reports of epizootic form of VEE – epizootic form considered eradicated • 1992 Outbreak in Venezuela • 1993-2000 Outbreaks in several South American and Central American countries • 2001 Outbreak in Colombia
  • 11. 11 ‫حساس‬ ‫میزبانهای‬ •Clinical epizootic hosts –‫ها‬ ‫اسپ‬ –‫انسانها‬ –‫خانگی‬ ‫و‬ ‫اهلی‬ ‫پستاندار‬ ‫حیوانات‬ ‫دیگر‬ •Non-clinical enzootic hosts –‫کوچک‬ ‫های‬ ‫جونده‬ –‫انسانها‬
  • 12. 12 VEE - Vectors • Enzootic strains –Culex sp. mosquitoes • Epizootic strains –Aedes sp. –Many other mosquitoes –Other hematophagous arthropods
  • 13. 13 VEE - Epidemiology •‫ها‬ ‫اسپ‬ –‫بیماری‬ ‫مخفی‬ ‫دوره‬1–3‫است‬ ‫روز‬ –‫ممک‬ ‫شفایابی‬ ‫ویاهم‬ ‫انسفالیت‬ ،‫تب‬ ‫ظهور‬ ‫از‬ ‫پس‬‫ن‬ ‫نماید‬ ‫انکشاف‬ –‫تا‬ ‫شدید‬ ‫ویریمیای‬5‫نماید‬ ‫می‬ ‫دوام‬ ‫روز‬ –‫تا‬ ‫میر‬ ‫و‬ ‫مرگ‬80%‫تواند‬ ‫می‬ ‫رسیده‬
  • 14. 14 VEE is a Zoonotic Disease •‫انسانها‬ –‫مخفی‬ ‫دوره‬2–5‫روزه‬ –‫مانند‬ ‫انفلوانزا‬ ‫بیماری‬ –‫در‬ ‫صرف‬ ‫انسفالیت‬4%‫ویا‬ ‫اطفال‬ ‫در‬ ‫بویژه‬ ‫حاالت‬ ‫کند‬ ‫می‬ ‫انکشاف‬ ‫مسن‬ ‫افراد‬ –‫است‬ ‫پائین‬ ‫بسیار‬ ‫میر‬ ‫و‬ ‫مرگ‬(1%‫کمتر‬ ‫ویا‬)
  • 15. 15 VEE – Clinical Signs •‫تب‬(‫شدید‬ ‫ویریمیای‬) •‫ضعف‬(Lethargy) •‫هدف‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫حرکت‬ •‫دیوار‬ ‫به‬ ‫سر‬ ‫زدن‬ •‫عصبی‬ ‫عالیم‬ •‫مرگ‬ •‫باشند‬ ‫می‬ ‫داشته‬ ‫عصبی‬ ‫نواقص‬ ‫شفایافته‬ ‫های‬ ‫اسپ‬
  • 18. 18 VEE – Dead Horse Findings
  • 19. 19 VEE – Dead Horse Findings
  • 20. 20 EEE – WEE - VEE
  • 21. 21 VEE – Diagnostic Samples • Whole blood (heparin) • Serum
  • 22. 22 VEE – Diagnostic Tests • Virus isolation • Antibody detection • Nucleic acid detection
  • 23. 23 VEE – Immunity •‫عفونت‬ ‫از‬ ‫پس‬ ‫طبیعی‬ ‫خوب‬ ‫معافیت‬ ‫انکشاف‬ •‫اپیزوتیک‬ ‫و‬ ‫انزوتیک‬ ‫های‬ ‫سترن‬ ‫بین‬ ‫متقابل‬ ‫معافیت‬ •‫است‬ ‫موجود‬ ‫بیماری‬ ‫برابر‬ ‫در‬ ‫تجارتی‬ ‫شکل‬ ‫به‬ ‫های‬ ‫واکسن‬ –‫شده‬ ‫کشته‬(TC-83 strain) –‫شده‬ ‫ضعیف‬ ‫زنده‬(TC-83 strain)
  • 24. 24 VEE - Control •‫ها‬ ‫وکتور‬ ‫کنترول‬ •‫انسانها‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬ ‫اسپ‬ ‫واکسیناسیون‬ •‫ویریمیک‬ ‫های‬ ‫اسپ‬ ‫بردن‬ ‫ازبین‬ •‫جدید‬ ‫حیوانات‬ ‫قرانطین‬
  • 25. 25 ‫های‬ ‫اپیدمی‬ ‫بینی‬ ‫پیش‬VEE •‫ستالیتی‬ ‫برداری‬ ‫تصویر‬ –‫افز‬ ‫سبب‬ ‫ممکن‬ ‫که‬ ‫اندمیک‬ ‫ساحات‬ ‫در‬ ‫ایکولوژیکی‬ ‫تغییرات‬‫ایش‬ ‫گردد‬ ‫حشرات‬ ‫های‬ ‫جمعیت‬ ‫و‬ ‫تعداد‬ ‫تراکم‬ •‫حشرات‬ ‫های‬ ‫حوض‬ ‫نمودن‬ ‫آزمایش‬ •‫وحشی‬ ‫های‬ ‫جونده‬ ‫گیری‬ ‫نمونه‬