ppt is related to lime plastering method in ancient India

1. Ancient Indian Method of
plastering of walls
सुधारेऩविधानभ्
By
Dr.Ashok S. Nene
Professor of Civil Engineering (Retd)
V.N.I.T. Nagpur

2. Process comprises of three stages,
1. plastering the walls before painting,
2. Preparation of various organic colors
3. Process of painting the walls.
Ancient Indian method of
fresco-painting

3. Lime powder (Sudha) is obtained by
burning conch, mother of pearl or shells,
slaked.
Ingredients for lime plaster
दग्ध्िा शंखाददकाभ ्काष्ठैश्र्चुर्णितं मत ्सुधादहसा ॥०१॥

4. The powder is drenched (slaked) with solution of
molasses -One part.
add decoction of one forth the quantity of small peas
(mugda). Add quarter part sand and with unripe
plantain-fruits, boiled and beaten well into pulp.
सुधाचूणिचतुथां सभुद्क्िाथ जरै:सह ।
गुदुतोमेन संससच्मेत तच्चुणिभ िारुकार्वितभ ्॥०२॥
िारुकानाभ ्प्रभाणं दह सुधातुथंसभानत: ।
कृ षानुऩ्िकदरीपरवऩष्टं च मोजमेत ॥०३॥

5. Put this mixture into wooden dug-outs wherein it
should be kept for two months, mixing the same
daily. At the end of two months, take the mixture
in small quantities and, placing the same on a
granite slab, sprinkle solution of molasses on it
and grind it into paste soft as butter.

6. द्रोण्माभ ्र्ऺप्त्िाथसम्भर्द्ि गते भासाद्वमे (ऩुन:)।
ऩेशमेत दृशदद र्ऺप्त्िा दृशदा गुदिारयणा ॥०४॥
निनीतभ ्इिामासत माित ्ताित ्सुऩेशमेत ।
अथ कु धाददकभ ्सम्मक् संशो्म सभतां नमेत ्॥०५॥

7. In the meantime, level the wall well and smoothen its
surface. Take a piece of coconut husk and with one
end cut square and well beaten into a brush. Dip this
beaten end of the brush into solution of molasses and
rub the solution on the wall, Leave the wall, after the
application of the solution, undisturbed for 12 hours
and the plaster the same with the mortar prepared as
above.

8. नारयके यत्िचाभ ् अग्रै: सुसूक्ष्भान ् सशसथरीकृ तै: ।
स्त्िा गुदाजरैमिसत ददनाधे तभ ्विरेऩमेत ्। ॥०६॥
रोहेन दारुणा िादौ दविि सनभािम फुर््दत: ।
तदाकायविशारादद सििभासचंत्म बेदत: ॥०७॥

9. Level the plaster by means of trowel of
convenient size made of copper, pewter, iron or
wood. Care should be taken that surface does
nowhere protrude or fall in. When leveling is
over, the surface should be rubbed with cold
water by means of trunk-brush.

10. तद्दवििऩृष्ठबागेन सनम्नोनर्त्ििर्जितभ ्।
सरप्त्िा वऩष्टासुधभ ् सम्मक् शु्दतोमेन रेऩमेत ॥०८॥
नासरके यत्िचासरप्म शु्दतोमेन शोषमेत ।
शुष्के तर्मभन िणिरेऩ: कामिर्ित्राथिभेिदह ॥०९॥

11. Whitewash the surface when it gets dry. But
no whitewashing is required for painting on a
wooden surface. Such surface needs only be
leveled and smoothened before applying
colors.
परकादौ तऺणेन र्मनग्धधे िणिभ ्विरेऩमेत ्।
सुधारेऩो न कतिव्मार्ित्राथिभ परकाददषु ॥१०॥

12. The method of painting and preparation of
various colors.
White, yellow, red, black and blue are the primary
colors, while the rests are all mixtures of two or
more of them.
अथ िऺासभ संऺेऩात ्सिेषाभ ्िणिरेऩनभ ्।
संमकृ सतंच विशेशेण तेषाभ ्मोगभ ्तथैि च ॥११॥
ससतिणिभ ्ऩीतिणिभ ्यक्तिणिभ ्च कज्जरभ ्।
एतासन शु्दिणािसन श्माभिणं च िै ऩुन: ॥१२॥

13. The white paint to be used for whitewashing
the walls just before painting is
manufactured in the following manner. First
of all, powders as finely as possible, conch,
mother of pearl, shell, or chalk. Put this fine
powder in a mortar of wood not liable to
discolor or granite according to the
convenience.

14. कु र्द्ादौ धिरभ ्िणिभ ्ऩूििभेिसभा सरखेत ्।
शंखशु्त्माददकभ िाथ ससतभ भृदुिाथ चुणिमेत ्॥१३॥
शाकोटकत्िचा िाथ के तकीहमततोऽवऩिा ।
मथा सुग्धधातयभ ् मासत तथा (भृत्मादद) रेऩमेत ॥१४॥
शु्दचूणािसन सनर्ऺप्म गते चौरुखरे ऽथिा ।
वऩष्टिा ऩुन: ऩुन: सम्मक् भुसरेन भहाभसत: ॥१५॥

15. Mix and pound it well into paste, treating the
same with the milk of tender coconut.
Dissolve the paste in warm water and when
dissolved, filter and allow the solution tp
precipitate the white paint. Whitewash the
wall with this paint before the pictures are
painted on it.

16. के यफारथरोडेन र्ऺत्तत्िा सम्ऩेशमेत ऩुन:।
तभ ्(विभ ्) उष्ण तोमेन सम्मगारोड्म गौरमेत ्॥१६॥
ऩुन: ऩुिोक्तभागेण कु धे संरेऩमेत ्क्रभात ।
एिं धिसरते सबतौ परके िा सरखेत तदा॥१७॥

17. To make the outlines of the pictures of different
objects, a pencil of the following materials should be
manufactured. The pencil is call kittalekhani and is
manufactured by mixing powdered tiles and
powdered cow dung (the former in a lesser and latter
in a greater proportion) with a quantity of Tulsi leaves
and grinding the whole well into a soft paste, then
take small quantities of the paste and roll them into
thin round sticks , 2.5, to 3.5 inches long.

18. ऩुयाणरोष्टचूणेन शुष्कगोभमचूणिकान ्।
तुरसीदरसर्म्भश्रभ ् मोजमेत ऩेशणीतरे ॥१८॥
वऩष््िा तेन विधामाषु शोषमेत ्दकत्तरेखनीभ ।
ित्मािकायभ ्तथामाभे दद्वत्राम्नो द्वंगुरर्वभकभ ॥१९॥

19. Draw roughly on the whitewashed surface the
several objects. Whenever wrong lines fall, efface
the same by rubbing the lines with unbleached cloth
and rewrite afterwards. Outlines being finished, take
a piece of Pullaran and begin to draw the picture
with it.

20. देिान ्िा भनुजान िा (वऩ) भृगान विहंगभान ्(तथा) ।
रतािृऺाददकाविाथा नागान ्िा सागयानवऩ ॥२०॥
श्रोत्राभ्माभ ्िाथ नेत्राभ्माभ ्भनसा िाथ सनर्ितो ।
असरखेत दकत्तरेर्खवमा सम्मक् मभृत्िा ऩुन:ऩुन: ॥२१॥
मत्र रेखा गता िाभभ ्तत्र तौ नििाससा ।
सम्भज्मि सम्मगासरख तत ्तदाकायभुवनमेत ॥२२॥

21. The preparation of this yellow color (Pullaran)
1. Collect from mountains or riverbeds yellow
mineral (pitadhatu), wash the same in cold water
and when dry, powder the same finely.
2. Pour some water into the powder and grind it into
paste. Take the paste and mix the same in plenty
of water using a large vessel for this purpose.

22. 3. When the mixture has stood for some time, the mud
and other matter will precipitate and can be thrown
off while the surface water can be retained.
4. Pour this water again into another vessel and allow it
to stand for some time and throw back any more
precipitate which the solution may hold.
5. Repeat the process several times till you get a clear
solution. Rub the solution on to an earthen pot
(bhinnamrdbhanda) and dry the pot in the sun.

23. अथ धातुं ऩीतिणािन ्सगरयनर्द्ाददसम्बिान।
आदाम शु्दतोमेन संऺाल्मादौ विचुणिमेत ॥२३॥
भवदभ ्दकर्ित सचराऩृष्ठे ऩेशसमत्िा विरोड्म च ।
शु्दतोमैभिहाऩात्रे भुहुतिभ ऩरयचारमेत ॥२४॥
तदु्ििम्सभ ्सायतोमभ॥ अध:ऩंकवििर्जितभ ।
ऩतांतये विसनर्ऺप्म ऩुन: कु मािद् अभुं विसधभ ्॥२५॥
एिं ऩुन:ऩुन: कृ त्िा मािभ ्सनभिरता बिेत ्।
तत्सायभ सबवन भृद् बाण्डे भा वदभासरप्म शोषमेत ॥२६॥

24. Collect raktadhatu (red mineral) also in the same
way and treat the same in the above manner. When
clear, rub that also on another pot and dry the pot
in sun. Then take a lamp (Gingili oil lamp) supplied
with oil and clean wick, and then light it under
inverted new earthen pot, taking care to see that
pot has no crevices

25. एिभेि सभानीमा यक्तधातूनवऩ्रभात ।
सनभिरत्िे सभुत्ऩवने शोषमेत ्सबववभृद् घटे ॥२७॥
अथ तैरभ ्सभाससच्म िधिभानेच्छिासतकभ ्।
विवममम प्रज्िरे दीऩे घटभादामभृण्भमभ ॥२८॥
शुष्कगोभमचूणेन (सभृज्मादभह्य) िै ।
तद् दीऩोऩरय सनर्च्छद्रभ ् सम्भुखभ विवमसेत ऩुन: ॥२९॥

26. The soot formed on the inner surface of the pot
should be then collected, placed in an earthen or
other vessel and well mixed. Add a quantity of pure
water with the soot and make it into paste. This
paste should be kept in sun light and then dried. All
these three colors should be mixed in pure water,
and adding Nimbatoya to it, the whole should well
beaten and mixed.

27. तद् दीऩसशखमा जातकज्जरभ ्तद् धटोदये ।
अरग्धनभ ्सम्मगादाम भृद् घटादौ विरेऩमेत ्॥३०॥
शु्दतोमेन सम्मुत्तुभ ्शोषमेत ऩुनयातऩे ।
इत: त्रमभ ्ऩुनमुि्त्मा सनम्फतोमेन भदिमेत ् ॥३१॥

28. Brushes for drawing pictures are broad, medium or
pointed, as the case may be. They are 4.5,4 or 3.5
inches long. The width or thickness at the face
should be 6 yavas , but at the back end it should be
only one sixth of the above. The form of the brush
may be octagonal or round. The face should be
bound by copper band.

29. यक्तधातुयसभ ्ऩीतधातुयसंच िै ऩुन: ।
आरोड्म ऩात्रे सनर्ऺप्म सनत्िा ददनदरभ ्ऩुन: ॥३२॥
तद् ्िािम्सभ ्भहाऩात्रे भवदभाससच्म शोषमेत ्।
भृदघटे शु्दमे धीभान ्ऩुनयावऩ एकदाचयेत ्॥३३॥
माभभात्रभ ्श्माभधातुभ ्शु्दतोमेन ऩेशमेत ्।
ऩुन: कवऩत्थसनमािसतोमै: सम्भर्द्ाि शोषमेत ् ॥३४॥
रेखनी वत्रविधा ऻेमा मथुरा सूक्ष्भा च भ्मभा।
तद्दण्डा भृत्मुभंत्रिा सनमकम्बभ ्शड्मिभ ्मभृतभ ् ॥३५॥
भुखे ऩृष्ठे तदामथांसभ ्अष्टश्रभ ्फाश्र ितुिरभ।
कृ त्िाग्रे विवमसी चङ्कु भ गुल्फेन मिभात्रभभ ्॥३६॥

30. The broad brush is prepared with the hair about the
ears of calf-buffalo, the medium with the hairs on
the belly of a sheep and pointed with the hair at the
tail of a squirrel. fit in these hairs at the copper band
of the brush and fix them there by the aid of lac or
yarn thread.

31. Each color should have three such brushes.
There should be three brushes each under
broad, medium and pointed quality. These
can be named broad-broad, broad-medium,
broad-pointed and so on for two kinds also.
That will make nine brushes in all for each
color.

32. मथुरामाभ ्ित्सकणो्मभ ् अजोदायाबिभ ्िये।
सचत्रोदाऩूच्छभ ्सूक्ष्भामाभ ् योभाण्मादाम मत्नत: ॥३७॥
तवतुना रऺमािाथ दण्डाग्रकृ त शंकु षु शङकु षु ।
फ्दिा तु रेखनी सम्मक् प्रसतिणिभ ्वत्रधा वत्रधा ॥३८॥
आकृ त्मा च वत्रधा मथूरा सूक्ष्भा भ्मा ऩुनमतथा।
प्रत्मेकभ ्निसा चैिभ ्प्रसतिणिभ ्तु रेखनी ॥३९॥

33. Apply yellow color (pitadhatu) with medium
brush and draw the picture effacing all
unnecessary marks by unbleached cloth. But
taking care that the lines of pencil (kittalekhani)
is left there intact. Apply the other colors with
the broad brush. All protrusions and depressions
as also roundness of objects should be shown by
means of less or more color.

34. अथ भ्मभरेर्खवमा ऩीतद् धातुयसेन त ्।
दकत्त्िायेखाफदहबािगे सरखीत्िा व्मक्तभम्फेयै: ॥४०॥
भाजिमेत ्दकत्तयेखावतभ ्ऩुनमतं व्मक्तभासरखेत।
यक्तधातुयसेनाथ सििभ ् सुव्मत्तुभासरखेत ॥४१॥
ऩुनििणािसन विवमसा रेर्खवमा मथुरमा तथा ।
सनष्करंकभ ्ऩुनमतत्र सनम्नोवनतविशेषकभ ्॥४२॥

35. Make the painting beautiful by regular lights and
shades. Whenever the yellow, black or red color is
lightly applied, mark their extremities by pointed
brushes steeped in lamp-black. Where finger nails
or other white objects are to be shown, just scrap
the paint in that portion by means of a sharp knife
or other instrument, and thus paint the walls
whenever necessary.

36. ममाभोज्ज्िरत्िबेदेन कु माित सििभ भनोहयभ ्।
तथा ऩारुह्यभदििान ... ॥४३॥
विवमासक्रभबेदेन कु माित ्सििभ ्भनोहयभ ्।
मंत्रोज्ज्िरे ऩीतिणे श्माभामतत्रावऩ रोदहत: ॥४४॥
प्रावते कज्जरिणेन सुक्ष्भाम संसरखेन सुसध: ।
ऺुयेण तीक्ष्णधायेण तत्कभितुयवजसा ॥४५॥
सभृजेन सनखयादीनी सचत्रभेिभ ्सभाचयेत ्।
शुबभ ्अमतु ॥४६॥

37. 1. Vishnudharmottarpuran Pub. Khemraj
Shrikrishnadas, Mumbai.
2. Sharma ,V.V.( 1927), Lime plastering, Proc. Of I.H.Q.
, March 1927, page 53-59.
3. Nene, A.S. (2012),Building Materials of Ancient
India-E –book , at BookGanga.com .
4. Manasollas (or AbhilisharthachintamaNi) of King
Someshwara
References

38. For more information and Sanskrit
Verses, contact,
prof.ashok.nene@gmail.com