education

1. UNITARY AND FEDERAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT
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POLITICAL SCIENCE II
SUBMITTED TO:-
DR. SAROJ CHOUDHARY
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
AMITY LAW SCHOOL
SUBMITTED BY:-
NITYAMUKTA AHIRWAR
ENROLLMENT – A61011122045
BALLB(H) II SEM

2. CONTENTLIST
1. Introduction
2. Unitary government
3. Advantages of Unitary government
4. Disadvantages of Unitary government
5. Federal government
6. Advantages of Federal government
7. Disadvantages of Federal government
8. Distinction between Unitary and Federal government
9. Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION
• Unitary and federal systems were the two main political
structures that developed due to the division of
authority among the many political subdivisions of a
state.
• The lines between the unitary and federal have blurred
due to the changing character of the state and economy in
the years after World War II.
• Most political systems in use today have both unitary
and federal elements. Therefore, we must determine
whether a government is fundamentally federal or
fundamentally unitary.

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UNITARYGOVERNMENT
•A unitary government is one in which the whole
government is under the sole jurisdiction of one power,
known as the central government.
• The center is where all administrative divisions and
powers are located.
•Both democracy and a monarchy can be forms of unitary
administration.
•All the power and the authority is vested in one hand .
•
•Example – Japan, England, France ,Sri Lanka.

6. • The key benefits of a unitary system of government
are
• A unitary structure is best suited for smaller
countries.
• There is less funding required because there is less
total power.
• Because only one authority makes choices, unitary
structures have rapid decision-making.
• Because the center holds all the authority,
disagreements are less likely.
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ADVANTAGESOFUNITARYGOVERNMENT

7. • Countries with expansive geographic areas should not use the
unitary system. Because the center alone holds the absolute
authority under a unitary government, they are unlikely to have
access to rural areas.
• the central government may be unaware of the issues and
requirements of those who live in rural regions.
• The central government is typically overburdened with duties
and activities, which results in a lack of efficiency.
• Under a unitary system of governance, the nation could
experience uneven growth and development. Without delegation
of authority and powers, it may be exceedingly difficult for the
central government to develop every area of the country at once.
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Disadvantagesof UnitarySystem

8. FEDERALGOVERNMENT
• It is a system of government that divides the power
between a large central government and the local
and regional government were established by the
constitution. It is composed of 3 branches of
legislative, executive and judicial.
• The national government is known as federal
government of the central government or the union
government is known as the state government or
the provincial government.
• Powers are divided between the Central and the
State government.
• Examples- U.S.A., Canada, Russia, Brazil .

9. The following are the primary benefits of the federal system of
government:
 The concentration of power breeds tyranny. The federal structure
protects the division of powers, which deters tyranny or
dictatorship.
 This structure is effective in governance and administration since
authority is shared between the union and the state.
 The nation’s states or provinces have some unique rights.
 The separation of authority between the federal and state
governments results in effective resource use.
 The national government can concentrate more on foreign policy and
defense while the state governments can take care of local issues.
Advantagesof theFederalSystem

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Disadvantagesof theFederalSystem
The federal system has significant drawbacks in
addition to its advantages. Which are:
 This type of governance is expensive since there are
numerous candidates for office at the national and state
levels.
 an excessive number of elected officials with
overlapping responsibilities might encourage
corruption.
 Natural resources, job prospects, etc., vary by area and
state, facilitating regional inequality.
 Sometimes, it gets harder to make decisions.

11. Federal Structure Unitary Structure
There are two levels of government under
this structure.
There is only one level of government
under this structure
In this structure of government, the power
is divided between the centre and the state.
There is no such division of power. The
whole power is vested in a single
authority, i.e. the centre.
The Constitution under this system can
only be amended by a special procedure.
The Constitution can be changed by the
supreme authority, i.e. the centre.
There are separate legislatures both at the
central and the state level.
It only has a central legislature.
Under this system, the judiciary has the
power to interfere in the decisions of the
government
The judiciary may or may not interfere in
the decisions of the government.
Distinction Between Federal and Unitary Structure of Government

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CONCLUSION
• Two of the most typical organizational structures for nations are
federal and unitary. In a federal system, national, regional, and
local authorities share power and authority; in a unitary system,
power is concentrated in the hands of the central government. The
foundations of the two systems are different. The federal system
develops rules and regulations that better address the needs and
interests of local communities, whereas the unitary government
tries to establish a coherent and unified nation.
• In conclusion, it may be said that the Indian constitution is a
hybrid of a unitary and a federal state, with more traits favoring
the latter. As a result, the Indian constitution is mostly federal
with some unitary elements for promoting national cohesion.

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