A presentation of Instrument Approach Procedures and provision of GSR 751 E Provision for obstacle clearance

1. Instrument Approach Procedures
GSR 751 E Provision & PANS -OPS
Arvind Kumar Singh
CHQ,New Delhi

2. Instrument Approach to Land
(IAL) procedures
6/20/2020 2
Why are they required?

3. Clear sky and great visibility
6/20/2020 3

4. 6/20/2020 4
Shallow Fog

5. 6/20/2020 5
Dense Fog/Cloud

6.  A series of predetermined manoeuvres
 By reference to flight instruments
 With specified protection from obstacles from the initial
approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a
defined arrival route to a point from which a landing can be
completed and
 Thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which
holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply.
6/20/2020 6
IAL Procedure

7. Role of PANS-OPS in NOC
 Flight procedures are designed for normal operations as per the provisions
of ICAO DOC 8168 Vol-II.
 As any structure erected around an airport may adversely impact the Flight
Procedures.
 Regulate the permissible height of the proposed structure with respect to
Flight Procedures.
 Any adverse impact on Flight procedures due to any structure will adversely
impact the aircraft operations.
 To protect Flight procedures, permissible height of an structures needs to be
regulated from PANS-OPS criteria.
 Accordingly, NOC for height issued to any structure is the least of AGA, CNS
and PANS-OPS.

8.  Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA)
 Minimum Holding Altitude (MHA)
 Minimum Vectoring Altitude (MVA)
 Minimum Altitude of Initial and Intermediate Segments
 OCA/H (Straight-in-and Circling) for all aircraft categories
 STARs /SIDs procedure altitude.
 Basic ILS Surface
6/20/2020 8
PANS-OPS Criteria(GSR 751 E)

9. Segments of IAP
 Instrument Approach Procedure segments to be
protected:
1. Arrival Route
2. Initial Approach Segment
3. Intermediate Approach Segment
4. Final Approach Segment
5. Missed Approach Segment
6. In addition, an area for Visual Circling is
considered
6/20/2020 9

10. 10
IAF
FAF IF
MAPt
Intermediate
Approach
Segment
Runway
Segments of IAP

11. 6/20/2020 11
Types of Instrument Approach
Procedures
1. Non Precision Approach-VOR/DME, NDB
2. Precision Approach-ILS
3. RNAV (GNSS)
LNAV,LNAV/VNAV,LPV& RNP AR

12. 6/20/2020 12
Non-Precision Approach
• In India MDH 400 Ft OR More
• Taking a fictitious obstacle of 45 M AGL
• DGCA CAR Section 8 (Aircraft Operations) Series C Part 1
(AWO)
• Visibility Requirement
MDH FALS IALS BALS NALS
400 1100 1400 1600 1800

13. 6/20/2020 13
Precision Approach Categories
CATEGORY DH (ft) VIS (M) RVR( M)
I >=200 800 550
II >=100 - 350
III A 50-100 - 175
III B <50 - 50
III C NO - NO

14. 6/20/2020 14
VOR/NDB Protection Area

15. 6/20/2020 15
Basic ILS Surface Area

16. 6/20/2020 16
Protection Area For RNAV (GNSS)

17. Approach Slope For Safe Landing
6/20/2020 17

18. PANS-OPS Criteria
Minimum Sector Altitude(MSA) – 30 NM around a nav-aid or
significant point of the airport, providing at least 1000 ft of MOC
over any obstacle.
Minimum Holding Altitude(MHA) – At least 1000 ft of MOC over
any obstacle in the specified area.
Initial Approach Altitude - At least 1000 ft of MOC over any
obstacle in the specified area.
Intermediate Approach Altitude - At least 500 ft of MOC over any
obstacle in the specified intermediate approach area.
Obstacle Clearance Altitude(OCA straight –in) - At least 300/250 ft
of MOC over any obstacle in the specified final approach area.
Obstacle Clearance Altitude(OCA Circling) - At least 300/400 ft of
MOC over any obstacle in the specified circling approach area.

19. 6/20/2020 19
Minimum Sector Altitute
MSA: 2300 Ft
Controlling Obstacle
2300-1000=1300 ft

20. 6/20/2020 20
Visual Circling
OCA: 770 Ft
Controlling Obstacle
770-300=470 ft

21. 6/20/2020 21
VOR Procedure
OCA: 670 Ft
Controlling Obstacle
670-250=420 ft

22. 6/20/2020 22
ILS Procedure
OCA: 530 Ft
Controlling Obstacle
530-161=369 ft

23. 6/20/2020 23
LNAV VNAV Procedure
OCA(LNAV): 670 Ft
Controlling Obstacle
670-250=420 ft
OCA(LNAV/VNAV): 590 Ft
Controlling Obstacle
590-161=429 ft

24. 6/20/2020 24
LPV Procedure
OCA: 520 Ft
Controlling Obstacle
520-161=359 ft

25. CASE STUDIES
VOR-VOMM RWY 07
ILS-VOMM RWY 25
6/20/2020 25

26. 6/20/2020 26
Analysis Case
Study-1
OCA: 810(770 Ft)
Controlling
Obstacle
810-250=560 Ft

27. 6/20/2020 27
x=1.8NM, y=0.6NM
TE 700ft
Analysis Case Study-1

28. Analysis Case Study-1
 X=1.8 NM
 Y=0.6 NM
 AGA=45M+THR ELEV(12 M)=57M
 PANS OPS=170M(560 Ft)
 REQUESTED TE=213M(700 ft)
6/20/2020 28

29. 6/20/2020 29
Analysis Case
Study-1
OCA: 330(278)
Controlling Obstacle
330-161=169 ft

30. Basic ILS
6/20/2020 30
Analysis Case Study-2

31. 6/20/2020 31
x=3 NM, y=0.6NM
TE 160M
Analysis Case Study-2

32. Analysis Case Study-2
 X=3 NM
 Y=0.6 NM
 AGA=45M+THR ELEV(12 M)=57M
 PANS OPS=154M
[{(0.00355X3+0.143X.6)X1852-36.66}+12(THR Ele.)]
 REQUESTED TE=160M
6/20/2020 32

33. 6/20/2020 33