ICAO has emphasized on aviation safety, air navigation capacity and efficient environmental protection by strategic objective. ICAO also focused on the development and implementation on PBN, CDO and CCO for sustainable growth of aviation. Global Air Navigation Plan (2013-2028) provides methodology for integrated aviation planning and increased importance of collaborations and partnership among stakeholders. GANP outlined the implementation issues involving the PBN all over the world. In line with ICAO objective, this focuses on CDO procedure at Ahmedabad airport.
Trial CDO has been implemented but no formal procedure for airlines operator has yet been promulgated at various Indian airports including Ahmedabad Airport. Area and Approach are physically located at same place and trained controllers provide these services on rotation basis at Ahmedabad airport. Air Traffic Services provided with surveillance tools. STARs and SIDs were introduced in year 2008 at Ahmedabad Airport. Ahmedabad Airport has medium density traffic of aircraft movement, average 150 schedule aircraft movement per day and approx 75 scheduled arrivals per day. Due to non availability of published procedure limited Continuous Descent Operations are being performed by the arrivals, at Ahmedabad Airport.
This emphasises on analysis of traffic pattern on arrival routes for possible implementation of CDO is existing arrival procedures and study of existing CDO procedure, analysis of cost benefit, fuel efficiency and carbon emission for Ahmedabad airport.
Design & Application of Continuous Descent Operation (CDO) procedure in Ahmedabad TMA for Ahmedabad Airport will provide more efficient airspace & arrival routes, reduction in pilot –controller work load, cost saving to airlines operators and environmental benefits through reduced fuel burn.
With good CDO procedure, initially minimum 65% of arrivals are expected to perform CDO at Ahmedabad leading to saving of cost of operations and carbon emission, in addition to brand and image building of AAI as ANSP at Ahmedabad. The experience gained will also help AAI extend such procedure to other medium to light density traffic airports and subsequently all airports in line with ICAO Guidelines and requirement.
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Personal Details
Eighteen years of working experience as an ATCO and in airside & airport
operation
Joined AAI in 1998
Educational Qualification: B. Sc., MBA(HRM),GATE-98
Professional Qualifications/Training: ATC Training, Instructor’s Training
Course, PANS-OPS, Airside/Airport Operations, Aviation Law & Annexes
Awarded ‘Principal’s Cup’ in ADC/ APP & ACC
Having all the procedural and surveillance rating of Ahmedabad
OJTI for procedural and surveillance
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Airports Authority of India
ANSP and major Airport Operator with 30 different
departments
125 airports including 68 operational and 26 civil enclaves.
Provides ANS at all Indian airports and 2.8 million square NM
of Indian airspace
Training of ANS/airport personnel
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Design & Application of CDO for Ahmedabad Airport within Ahmedabad TMA
• Design of CDO procedure for RWY 23 at Ahmedabad airport
• Data and information of CDO procedure
• SOP/Instruction for flight crew and ATCOs
• Safety Assessment
• Implementation procedure
Objective & Purpose
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Out Line
Introduction: aim & objectives of study
Introduction of author
Benefits, requirements contributing factors in Ahmedabad TMA
Project Management
Design & Applications and SOP
Implementation & verification
Conclusion, contribution of the study, limitations & direction for
future
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Design & Application of CDO for Ahmedabad Airport within Ahmedabad TMA
Continuous Descent Operation
Thrust
Entire Descent & Approach
•Least Possible Thrust
•Highest possible altitude
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CDO Design Option
Design & Application of CDO for Ahmedabad Airport within Ahmedabad TMA
Open Path Design:
Vectored CDO Procedure
Open CDO Procedure to Down-wind
Unknown distance and DTG estimate by the Controller
Closed Path Design: Known Distance
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Existing CDO Procedure
Trial CDO from May-2013 by tactical vectoring
Acceptance taken from aircraft
Agreed aircraft cleared for CDO
Provided DTG
Record of fuel saving reported by aircraft
NOTAM was taken for trial operation and periodically revised
DTG information is not accurate and flight path may not fully
optimized
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Cost benefit, fuel efficiency & carbon emission analysis
Design & Application of CDO for Ahmedabad Airport within Ahmedabad TMA
Total no. of
arrival(A)
65% of A
(B)
Average Fuel
saving Per Flight
(C)
Per day Fuel
saving (D=BXC)
Annum fuel Saving
(E=DX365)
75 49 135 Kg 6615 Kg 2414475 Kg
2414 Tons
• Due to non availability of specific published procedure of CDO, limited aircraft
perform CDO
• Average no. of schedule aircraft movements per day: 150 (75 ARR & 75 DEP)
• After establishment of CDO procedure, 65% arrivals can perform CDO (Type of
acft A320 & B737 )
Fuel saving in terms of Rs/USD per
annum (F=EXRs. 49.287)
Fuel saving in terms Carbon Emission per annum
(G=Ex3.2)
Rs. 119 million
USD 17. 55 Lacs (@67.8)
7726320 Kg
7.72 MT
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Hypothesis and Constraints
Hypothesis/Assumptions
ATS by surveillance in en-route and terminal
Instrument approach procedures and ILS equipment
Flyablity test by procedure designer
Accommodate variety of aircraft
Necessary approval from regulator by flight FPD section and ANSP
Advance intimation by ANSP through AIP supplement.
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Constraints
• Implementation depend upon approval from regulator
• Aircraft having RNAV 1 capability
• Surveillance required
• Procedure should support existing IAL procedures.
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Deliverables
Design & Application of CDO for Ahmedabad Airport within Ahmedabad TMA
CDO for Ahmedabad Airport
Project Plan
Risk
Management
Plan
Completion
Reports
Schedule
Plan
Budget Plan
Progress
Reports
Procedure of CDO for RWY 23
Certification
and approval
CDO RNAV 1
STAR Charts
Associated
SIDs Charts
Instructions
for flight
Crew
CDO
phraseology
Data base
Coding table
URDTRD
Publication
of Procedure
Quality Deliverables
Flyability test
Reports
Pilot's
Reports and
Review
Flight
Simulation
Training
Deliverables
Pilot Training
ATC Training
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Project Network Diagram
•Design & Application of CDO for Ahmedabad Airport within Ahmedabad TMA 14
Project Network Diagram
9
3
4
5
7
6
8
Start 1 2
10
0
11
12End of Project 13
Conceptual DesignStakeholder review
Design of CDO
procedure
Flyability Test
Stakeholder
review
Safety Assessment
Flight Simulator
Evaluation
ATC Training
Pilot Training
Operational Flight
Trial
Certification and
approval
Publication of
procedure
Post implementation
analysis
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Schedule & Cost Estimation of the Project
Schedule of the Project: Eight and half months from
conceptual level to implementation.
Cost Estimation
Design & Application of CDO for Ahmedabad Airport within Ahmedabad TMA
S. No. Deliverables Cost in Lacs (INR)
1. Design of CDO procedure &
Flyability Test
(Ground Simulation)
6.00
2. Training (ATC) .50
3. Miscellaneous .50
Total (In INR) 7.00 Lacs
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CDO Procedure for RWY 23
Design & Application of CDO for Ahmedabad Airport within Ahmedabad TMA
• Closed STARs are the best solution for CDO in view of medium
density of traffic
• Constructed in accordance to ICAO Document 9931 & 8168
• Designed by the TARGETS & passed the flyability test of TARGETS
• Charts are prepared accordingly.
• Compatible with proposed RNP procedure
• Altitude at way points is at or above to facilitate different type of
aircraft.
• Coding table with Distance to Go information.
• CDO can be requested by pilot or initiated by ATC.
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CDO RNAV-1 Standard Instrument Arrivals
Design & Application of CDO for Ahmedabad Airport within Ahmedabad TMA
S. No. ATS Route Transition RNAV STAR
1. W13,Q3 UUD
HAKEM
2 Q4 ADBUK
3 W13N APANO
PLOMA
4 W97 QQZ
5 N895, W40,G472 BODAR TASHU
6 N893,G472 VASLA LAJER
7 W62 RKT
LUPKA
8 W135 LADUP
RNAV Holding Procedures
Holding
Waypoint
Latitude and
Longitude of
Holding
Waypoint
Inbound
course
Deg. Mag.
Outbound
Leg
(Min)
Turn
Minimum
Holding
Altitude
(Ft.)
Maximum
Holding
Altitude
(Ft.)
HAKEM
N23° 29' 12.67"
E073° 04' 28.88"
225 1 Left F090 -
PLOMA
N22° 45' 24.29"
E072° 55' 25.87"
358 1 Right F080 -
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PLOMA & TASHU RNAV-1 Arrival RWY 23
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Coding Table of PLOMA RNAV-1 Arrival RWY 23
Leg No. Leg Type Way
Point
Name
Flyover Magnetic
Course
True
Course
Distance Altitude Speed Turn
Direction
Navigation
performance
DTG
Formal Description ( Transition APANO)
10 IF APANO - 0 F250+ RNAV-1 110.2
20 TF PLOMA - 357.59 357.34 70.2 F080+ K250-
RNAV-1
40
Formal Description( Transition QQZ)
10 IF QQZ - F150+ RNAV-1 70.37
20 TF PLOMA - 326.88 326.63 30.37 F080+ K250-
RNAV-1
40
10 IF PLOMA - 0 F080+ K250-
RNAV-1
40
20 TF AH677 - 351.99 351.74 9.2 RNAV-1 30.8
30 TF AH611 - 351.97 351.72 5 RNAV-1 25.8
40 TF IDNEP - 351.42 351.17 8.9 3000+ K210- RNAV-1 16.9
50 TF NIXUM - 314.97 314.72 6.37 2000+ L RNAV-1 10.53
60 TF AH809 - 224.98 224.73 5
2000
K180- L RNAV-1 5.53
70 TF RWY 23 - 224.98 224.73 5.53
430 RNAV-1
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HAKEM RNAV-1 Arrival RWY23
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LAJER & LUPKA RNAV-1 Arrival RWY 23
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Departures (Associated SIDs)
S. No. ATS Route Transition RNAV SID
1 W13N, Q3 UUD FAROG
2 G451, N895 SASRO
NEWAL
3 W62 RKT
4 W13S BVR
5 W97 QQZ
6
W40, N895,
G472
BODAR
7 W135 LADUP
Design & Application of CDO for Ahmedabad Airport within Ahmedabad TMA
CDO RNAV STARs, SIDs of runway 23 has been revised to facilitate departure
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NEWAL RNAV Departure RWY 23
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FAROG RNAV-1 Departure RWY 23
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SOP/Instructions for Flight Crew & ATCOs
Conditions for Conducting CDO: Availability of runway, ILS and AOM
Requirements for flights: like equipments
Preparations for CDO: Flights meets the requirement
CDO Execution: Phraseology
Deviation from lateral or vertical path: For sequencing or to
accommodate departures
Termination of a CDO: CDO can be terminated on the basis of traffic
Safety Assessment
Size of change : Small
Safety outcome of change : Minimal
Overall Safety Magnitude of the Change: Minor
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Implementation
By the collaborative effort of all stakeholders
Commitment from Management
Planning
Conceptual design and risk assessment with all stakeholders and
their readiness
Implementation
Desktop/ground flyability test
Training of ATCOs & flight crew
Submission to regulator for approval
Intimation through AIP Supplement.
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Verification
STARs and SIDs passed flyability assessment for heavy, large and small jets as
Leg length to complete turn, Speed constraints, Altitude constraints
Ability to join outbound leg after completion of flyby turn
Ability to fly over a waypoint on the correct heading
Desktop simulation by TARGETS and found satisfactory.
Charts submitted to Indigo airline for flight simulation to check the advantages of
CDO
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Contribution of the Study
CDO RNAV STARs are from all existing routes for Ahmedabad
Roadmap for implementation of CDO at Indian airports
Similar procedure can be implemented at medium density airport
STARs are in line with existing IAL procedure
Closed STAR will reduce workload of flight crew and ATCOs
Provide more accurate information
Milestone from trial CDO to implementation of CDO in India
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Proposed CDO RNAV STARs have less distance to touch down
as compare to existing STARSs
S. No. ATS Route Existing STAR
DTG from
Existing STAR
DTG from
Proposed STAR
Transition
Proposed
RNAV STAR
1. W13,Q3 UUD 1 A 115NM 114.58 NM UUD
HAKEM
2 Q4 - 153.79 NM ADBUK
3 W13N APANO 1A 133.91 110.2 NM APANO
PLOMA
4 W97 QQZ 1 A 102.81 70.37 NM QQZ
5
N895,
W40,G472
BODAR 1A 100.77 98.69 NM BODAR TASHU
6 N893,G472 VASLA1 A 126.13 111.59 NM VASLA LAJER
7 W62 RKT1 A 144.51 140.98 NM RKT
LUPKA
8 W135 - - 125.80 NM LADUP
Design & Application of CDO for Ahmedabad Airport within Ahmedabad TMA
Contribution of the study
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Direction for Future
Study on a larger scale may include Indian airports, to set a
benchmark for implementation of CDO
Similar procedure can be developed & implemented for runway
05 of Ahmedabad & other Indian airport
Enrich the ANSPs, airlines operator and other stakeholders for
understanding and benefits of CDO
Step towards 4D trajectory to achieve the goal of global aviation
community
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Summary
Lack of any published procedure, most of the time CDO is not carried out
ATCO hesitate to give CDO, anticipating the future traffic scenario
Well established CDO procedure rendered benefits to airlines and ANSP
CDO RNAV STARs & associated SIDs and procedure is guideline for ATCOs and
pilots for execution
Less fuel consumption have direct positive impact on operational cost &
contribution for sustainable aviation
Availability of published procedure will encourage pilots for execution of CDO
Implementation of such procedure is essential for Ahmedabad and other
airports as per requirement of time and in line with ASBU
Design & Application of CDO for Ahmedabad Airport within Ahmedabad TMA 31