The Aventus Protocol delivers a global standard for ticket exchange on the blockchain, allowing rights holders to define rules around their ticketing lifecycle to which everyone in the supply chain must adhere.
In this presentation, delivered by Aventus CTO Andy Grant at TBF18, we overview some of the terminology used, dispel some of the myths around the technology and provide clarification around key areas of misunderstanding.
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TicketingBusiness Forum 2018 : Adventures in Blockchain
1.
2. Artos: a bridge to blockchain, bringing
the power of the Aventus protocol to
ticketing.
A SaaS offering designed to handle the
complexities associated with a new
technology.
3.
4. • Security is decentralised
• All parties in the supply chain can
collaborate efficiently and securely
• No central control – all parties have
equal stake in the system
• But rights holders retain central control
over their inventory
5. • Private chains have one
central authority who
controls the network
• Less secure and more open
to central manipulation
• Have merit in some cases
where trust is not an issue
(e.g. banking consortiums)
• Trades off security in favour
of speed
• Public chains are preferred
option as a backbone of
communication between
disparate entities
• Enable secure transactions
without relying upon inter-
party trust
• Provenance and audit trails
are immutable – no risk of
centralised manipulation
• Trades off speed in favour of
security
6. • Tokens act as incentives for participant
involvement, driving security and positive
behaviour
• Tokens need to have intrinsic value – this is
necessary in order to incentivise participation
and drive honest behaviour
• Critical to operation and security of the
Protocol
• Specific use-cases built upon the blockchain
require specific tokens with mechanics that
support and underpin the functionality of the
network
7. • Data on the blockchain is publicly
verifiable but not necessarily publicly
visible (can be obfuscated)
• Provides an immutable audit trail and
proof of provenance
• Sensitive and confidential information
is not exposed
8. • Ethereum is known to be slow: only 20
transactions per second, maximum
• Misconception is that blockchain is like the
backend of a system, and all the transactions and
business logic goes on it
• We use Ethereum purely as a ticket storage and
delivery system
• Ethereum-level security is maintained by using it
as a fall-back
• Lots of scalability solutions (e.g. Plasma)
underway; we are currently building proof of
concepts for our own decentralised scaling IP
Editor's Notes
The Aventus Protocol delivers a global standard for ticket exchange on the blockchain, allowing rights holders to define rules around their ticketing lifecycle to which everyone in the supply chain must adhere.
I work for both Artos Systems and the Aventus Protocol Foundation. The Aventus Protocol Foundation is a not-for-profit foundation which is dedicated to building an open ticketing protocol for the industry as a whole.
Artos Systems is a service provider working with the Aventus Protocol, so you can work directly with the protocol or you can work with us if you need additional services to enable you to optimise the benefits of the blockchain.
We have a wealth of in-house knowledge, both on the ticketing and the blockchain side, but we very much see this as an ongoing and open conversation with the industry on how to shape these solutions.
We work with the Ethereum blockchain, which has a much richer functionality than e.g. Bitcoin. The real advantage of Ethereum is its ability to run business logic in the form of smart contracts. A smart contract is a set of business rules that you can deploy publicly but still control. While the blockchain itself is public, the data held on it can be obfuscated if you want it to be – meaning no exposure of sensitive information.
In the case of the blockchain, a ticket can be stored in a way that has a set of rules associated with it, and transacted or interacted with according to these rules.
The Aventus Protocol does not dictate those rules; rather, it provides a set of tools that enable you to define those rules and then enforce them on your own inventory. These rules can be different for different events and different ticket types: for example, you can prevent resale entirely, or allow resale only under certain conditions (such as minimum and maximum price caps, or through only whitelisted resellers).
Obviously the word “decentralisation” begs the question, of what?
In the case of a public blockchain like Ethereum, this essentially refers to decentralisation around who can do what with the protocol. Rather than having one centralised power with authority over the system, anyone can do whatever they want within the ecosystem: as long as they follow the rules and protocols inherent to the system, there is no central power that can take away their permissions or remove them from the system.
Decentralisation is a typical feature of public blockchains like Ethereum – which the Aventus protocol is built upon.
Public blockchains like Ethereum are decentralised by nature, whereas private blockchains are not.
Private blockchains, like web servers, are controlled by a centralised entity. I like to use the analogy of intranet vs internet: an intranet is great between various entities but it’s very controlled. If you want to break out and be that backbone of communication between entities, you need the internet – or in our case, public blockchain.
I wanted to talk about some of the challenges around the public/private discussion. It’s a choice that can work in some circumstances and not in others.
Ethereum has its own currency, ETH. The Ethereum network can also run additional tokens or currency-like tokens on the same protocol, with various use-cases. Some you may have heard of are not much more than a scam, but others are very useful in terms of what they’re trying to achieve.
Aventus runs upon AVT, a token designed specifically to support and enable the functionality of the Aventus ticketing ecosystem. The token is used as an incentive within the system which rewards good behaviour and punishes harmful behaviour (such as creation of fake events), enabling the community to self-govern through means of a voting mechanic.
The Aventus voting mechanic depends upon the wisdom of the crowd. But it’s not just care-free, riskless voting: if you knowingly vote against the right answer it harms you personally because it decreases the value of your AVT. Tokens also have a strategic importance: the community can vote on system parameters or changes how to it works.
When we talk about transparency, we are referring to the fact that the blockchain is open and it is public. Information on the blockchain can be viewed by anyone who has access to the blockchain.
However, this does not mean that sensitive business or user information becomes public. Information held on the blockchain can be obfuscated in order to be meaningless without necessary context.
A simplistic example: I could take every 30th letter in a book and end up with a string, which would then be stored on the blockchain. You could then prove in the future that that string related to that book - but you can’t actually look at that string and know what the book is about.
The maximum theoretical capacity of the Ethereum network is about 20 transactions per second, so concerns are rightfully raised around scalability. This is part of the system itself: the price paid for an open, transparent and secure cryptographic ledger is that it is slow by design.
However, a “transaction” in terms of the Aventus protocol does not necessarily equate to “one ticket” – it can incorporate all sorts of transactions, including multiple ticket transactions (e.g. bulk transaction from rightsholders to whitelisted secondary resellers).
The Aventus Protocol relies on Ethereum purely as a delivery and storage solution for tickets - as a delivery solution, 20 transactions per second is still an awful lot faster than Royal Mail.
At the same time, there are many additional projects going on to improve the scalability, and we at Artos sit at the cutting edge of these solutions. Currently, we have a centralised queueing system and drip-feed transactions up to the blockchain at a rate that makes sense; but we’re also building proof of concepts for decentralised scaling solutions, and plan to be one of the first blockchain companies to bring these to market.